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          <div>
            <h1 class="title"><a id="idp57658176"/>Debian Reference</h1>
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          <div>
            <div class="author">
              <h3 class="author">
                <span class="othername">Osamu Aoki</span>
              </h3>
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          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright © 2013 Osamu Aoki</p>
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              <a id="idp57663584"/>
              <p>This Debian Reference (v2) (2014-12-03 15:28:23 UTC) is intended to provide a broad overview of the Debian system as a post-installation user's guide. It covers many aspects of system administration through shell-command examples for non-developers.</p>
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            <div class="abstract">
              <p class="title">
                <strong>Abstract</strong>
              </p>
              <p>This book is free; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License of any version compliant to the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG).</p>
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      </div>
      <div class="toc">
        <p>
          <strong>Table of Contents</strong>
        </p>
        <dl class="toc">
          <dt>
            <span class="preface">
              <a href="pr01.en.html">Preface</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="pr01.en.html#_disclaimer">1. Disclaimer</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="pr01.en.html#_what_is_debian">2. What is Debian</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="pr01.en.html#_about_this_document">3. About this document</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_guiding_rules">3.1. Guiding rules</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_prerequisites">3.2. Prerequisites</a>
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                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_conventions">3.3. Conventions</a>
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                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_the_popcon">3.4. The popcon</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_the_package_size">3.5. The package size</a>
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                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="pr01.en.html#_bug_reports_on_this_document">3.6. Bug reports on this document</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="pr01.en.html#_some_quotes_for_new_users">4. Some quotes for new users</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch01.en.html">1. GNU/Linux tutorials</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_console_basics">1.1. Console basics</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_shell_prompt">1.1.1. The shell prompt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_shell_prompt_under_x">1.1.2. The shell prompt under X</a>
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                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_root_account">1.1.3. The root account</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_root_shell_prompt">1.1.4. The root shell prompt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_gui_system_administration_tools">1.1.5. GUI system administration tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_virtual_consoles">1.1.6. Virtual consoles</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_how_to_leave_the_command_prompt">1.1.7. How to leave the command prompt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_how_to_shutdown_the_system">1.1.8. How to shutdown the system</a>
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                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_recovering_a_sane_console">1.1.9. Recovering a sane console</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_additional_package_suggestions_for_the_newbie">1.1.10. Additional package suggestions for the newbie</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_an_extra_user_account">1.1.11. An extra user account</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_sudo_configuration">1.1.12. sudo configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_play_time">1.1.13. Play time</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_unix_like_filesystem">1.2. Unix-like filesystem</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_unix_file_basics">1.2.1. Unix file basics</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_filesystem_internals">1.2.2. Filesystem internals</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_filesystem_permissions">1.2.3. Filesystem permissions</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_control_of_permissions_for_newly_created_files_umask">1.2.4. Control of permissions for newly created files: umask</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_permissions_for_groups_of_users_group">1.2.5. Permissions for groups of users (group)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_timestamps">1.2.6. Timestamps</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_links">1.2.7. Links</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_named_pipes_fifos">1.2.8. Named pipes (FIFOs)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_sockets">1.2.9. Sockets</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_device_files">1.2.10. Device files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_special_device_files">1.2.11. Special device files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_procfs_and_sysfs">1.2.12. procfs and sysfs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_tmpfs">1.2.13. tmpfs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_midnight_commander_mc">1.3. Midnight Commander (MC)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_customization_of_mc">1.3.1. Customization of MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_starting_mc">1.3.2. Starting MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_file_manager_in_mc">1.3.3. File manager in MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_command_line_tricks_in_mc">1.3.4. Command-line tricks in MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_internal_editor_in_mc">1.3.5. The internal editor in MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_internal_viewer_in_mc">1.3.6. The internal viewer in MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_auto_start_features_of_mc">1.3.7. Auto-start features of MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_ftp_virtual_filesystem_of_mc">1.3.8. FTP virtual filesystem of MC</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_basic_unix_like_work_environment">1.4. The basic Unix-like work environment</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_login_shell">1.4.1. The login shell</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_customizing_bash">1.4.2. Customizing bash</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_special_key_strokes">1.4.3. Special key strokes</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_unix_style_mouse_operations">1.4.4. Unix style mouse operations</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_pager">1.4.5. The pager</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_text_editor">1.4.6. The text editor</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_setting_a_default_text_editor">1.4.7. Setting a default text editor</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_customizing_vim">1.4.8. Customizing vim</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_recording_the_shell_activities">1.4.9. Recording the shell activities</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_basic_unix_commands">1.4.10. Basic Unix commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_simple_shell_command">1.5. The simple shell command</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_command_execution_and_environment_variable">1.5.1. Command execution and environment variable</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_literal_lang_literal_variable">1.5.2. The "<code class="literal">$LANG</code>" variable</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_literal_path_literal_variable">1.5.3. The "<code class="literal">$PATH</code>" variable</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_the_literal_home_literal_variable">1.5.4. The "<code class="literal">$HOME</code>" variable</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_command_line_options">1.5.5. Command line options</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_shell_glob">1.5.6. Shell glob</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_return_value_of_the_command">1.5.7. Return value of the command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_typical_command_sequences_and_shell_redirection">1.5.8. Typical command sequences and shell redirection</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_command_alias">1.5.9. Command alias</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch01.en.html#_unix_like_text_processing">1.6. Unix-like text processing</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_unix_text_tools">1.6.1. Unix text tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_regular_expressions">1.6.2. Regular expressions</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_replacement_expressions">1.6.3. Replacement expressions</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_global_substitution_with_regular_expressions">1.6.4. Global substitution with regular expressions</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_extracting_data_from_text_file_table">1.6.5. Extracting data from text file table</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch01.en.html#_script_snippets_for_piping_commands">1.6.6. Script snippets for piping commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch02.en.html">2. Debian package management</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_debian_package_management_prerequisites">2.1. Debian package management prerequisites</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_package_configuration">2.1.1. Package configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_basic_precautions">2.1.2. Basic precautions</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_life_with_eternal_upgrades">2.1.3. Life with eternal upgrades</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_debian_archive_basics">2.1.4. Debian archive basics</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_debian_is_100_free_software">2.1.5. Debian is 100% free software</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_package_dependencies">2.1.6. Package dependencies</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_event_flow_of_the_package_management">2.1.7. The event flow of the package management</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_first_response_to_package_management_troubles">2.1.8. First response to package management troubles</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_basic_package_management_operations">2.2. Basic package management operations</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_literal_apt_get_literal_literal_apt_cache_literal_vs_literal_aptitude_literal">2.2.1. <code class="literal">apt-get</code> / <code class="literal">apt-cache</code> vs. <code class="literal">aptitude</code></a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_basic_package_management_operations_with_the_commandline">2.2.2. Basic package management operations with the commandline</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_interactive_use_of_aptitude">2.2.3. Interactive use of aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_key_bindings_of_aptitude">2.2.4. Key bindings of aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_package_views_under_aptitude">2.2.5. Package views under aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_search_method_options_with_aptitude">2.2.6. Search method options with aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_aptitude_regex_formula">2.2.7. The aptitude regex formula</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_dependency_resolution_of_aptitude">2.2.8. Dependency resolution of aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_package_activity_logs">2.2.9. Package activity logs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_examples_of_aptitude_operations">2.3. Examples of aptitude operations</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_listing_packages_with_regex_matching_on_package_names">2.3.1. Listing packages with regex matching on package names</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_browsing_with_the_regex_matching">2.3.2. Browsing with the regex matching</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_purging_removed_packages_for_good">2.3.3. Purging removed packages for good</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_tidying_auto_manual_install_status">2.3.4. Tidying auto/manual install status</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_system_wide_upgrade">2.3.5. System wide upgrade</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_advanced_package_management_operations">2.4. Advanced package management operations</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_advanced_package_management_operations_with_commandline">2.4.1. Advanced package management operations with commandline</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_verification_of_installed_package_files">2.4.2. Verification of installed package files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_safeguarding_for_package_problems">2.4.3. Safeguarding for package problems</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_searching_on_the_package_meta_data">2.4.4. Searching on the package meta data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_debian_package_management_internals">2.5. Debian package management internals</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_archive_meta_data">2.5.1. Archive meta data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_top_level_release_file_and_authenticity">2.5.2. Top level "Release" file and authenticity</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_archive_level_release_files">2.5.3. Archive level "Release" files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_fetching_of_the_meta_data_for_the_package">2.5.4. Fetching of the meta data for the package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_package_state_for_apt">2.5.5. The package state for APT</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_package_state_for_aptitude">2.5.6. The package state for aptitude</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_local_copies_of_the_fetched_packages">2.5.7. Local copies of the fetched packages</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_debian_package_file_names">2.5.8. Debian package file names</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_dpkg_command">2.5.9. The dpkg command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_update_alternatives_command">2.5.10. The update-alternatives command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_dpkg_statoverride_command">2.5.11. The dpkg-statoverride command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_dpkg_divert_command">2.5.12. The dpkg-divert command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_recovery_from_a_broken_system">2.6. Recovery from a broken system</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_incompatibility_with_old_user_configuration">2.6.1. Incompatibility with old user configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_different_packages_with_overlapped_files">2.6.2. Different packages with overlapped files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_fixing_broken_package_script">2.6.3. Fixing broken package script</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_rescue_with_the_dpkg_command">2.6.4. Rescue with the dpkg command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_recovering_package_selection_data">2.6.5. Recovering package selection data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch02.en.html#_tips_for_the_package_management">2.7. Tips for the package management</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_how_to_pick_debian_packages">2.7.1. How to pick Debian packages</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_packages_from_mixed_source_of_archives">2.7.2. Packages from mixed source of archives</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_tweaking_candidate_version">2.7.3. Tweaking candidate version</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports">2.7.4. Updates and Backports</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_blocking_packages_installed_by_recommends">2.7.5. Blocking packages installed by "Recommends"</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_tracking_literal_testing_literal_with_some_packages_from_literal_unstable_literal">2.7.6. Tracking <code class="literal">testing</code> with some packages from <code class="literal">unstable</code></a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_tracking_literal_unstable_literal_with_some_packages_from_literal_experimental_literal">2.7.7. Tracking <code class="literal">unstable</code> with some packages from <code class="literal">experimental</code></a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_automatic_download_and_upgrade_of_packages">2.7.8. Automatic download and upgrade of packages</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_limiting_download_bandwidth_for_apt">2.7.9. Limiting download bandwidth for APT</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_emergency_downgrading">2.7.10. Emergency downgrading</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_who_uploaded_the_package">2.7.11. Who uploaded the package?</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_the_equivs_package">2.7.12. The equivs package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_porting_a_package_to_the_stable_system">2.7.13. Porting a package to the stable system</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_proxy_server_for_apt">2.7.14. Proxy server for APT</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_small_public_package_archive">2.7.15. Small public package archive</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_recording_and_copying_system_configuration">2.7.16. Recording and copying system configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_converting_or_installing_an_alien_binary_package">2.7.17. Converting or installing an alien binary package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_extracting_package_without_dpkg">2.7.18. Extracting package without dpkg</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch02.en.html#_more_readings_for_the_package_management">2.7.19. More readings for the package management</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch03.en.html">3. The system initialization</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch03.en.html#_an_overview_of_the_boot_strap_process">3.1. An overview of the boot strap process</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_stage_1_the_bios">3.1.1. Stage 1: the BIOS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_stage_2_the_boot_loader">3.1.2. Stage 2: the boot loader</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_stage_3_the_mini_debian_system">3.1.3. Stage 3: the mini-Debian system</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_stage_4_the_normal_debian_system">3.1.4. Stage 4: the normal Debian system</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch03.en.html#_sysv_style_init">3.2. SysV-style init</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_meaning_of_the_runlevel">3.2.1. The meaning of the runlevel</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_configuration_of_the_runlevel">3.2.2. The configuration of the runlevel</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_runlevel_management_example">3.2.3. The runlevel management example</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_default_parameter_for_each_init_script">3.2.4. The default parameter for each init script</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_hostname">3.2.5. The hostname</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_filesystem">3.2.6. The filesystem</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_network_interface_initialization">3.2.7. Network interface initialization</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_network_service_initialization">3.2.8. Network service initialization</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_system_message">3.2.9. The system message</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_kernel_message">3.2.10. The kernel message</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_udev_system">3.3. The udev system</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch03.en.html#_the_kernel_module_initialization">3.3.1. The kernel module initialization</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch04.en.html">4. Authentication</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_normal_unix_authentication">4.1. Normal Unix authentication</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_managing_account_and_password_information">4.2. Managing account and password information</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_good_password">4.3. Good password</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_creating_encrypted_password">4.4. Creating encrypted password</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_pam_and_nss">4.5. PAM and NSS</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_configuration_files_accessed_by_pam_and_nss">4.5.1. Configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_the_modern_centralized_system_management">4.5.2. The modern centralized system management</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_why_gnu_su_does_not_support_the_wheel_group">4.5.3. "Why GNU su does not support the wheel group"</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_stricter_password_rule">4.5.4. Stricter password rule</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_other_access_controls">4.6. Other access controls</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_sudo">4.6.1. sudo</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_policykit">4.6.2. PolicyKit</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_selinux">4.6.3. SELinux</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_restricting_access_to_some_server_services">4.6.4. Restricting access to some server services</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch04.en.html#_security_of_authentication">4.7. Security of authentication</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_secure_password_on_the_internet">4.7.1. Secure password on the Internet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_secure_shell">4.7.2. Secure Shell</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_extra_security_measures_for_the_internet">4.7.3. Extra security measures for the Internet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch04.en.html#_securing_the_root_password">4.7.4. Securing the root password</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch05.en.html">5. Network setup</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_basic_network_infrastructure">5.1. The basic network infrastructure</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_hostname_resolution">5.1.1. The hostname resolution</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_interface_name">5.1.2. The network interface name</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_address_range_for_the_lan">5.1.3. The network address range for the LAN</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_device_support">5.1.4. The network device support</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_modern_network_configuration_for_desktop">5.2. The modern network configuration for desktop</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_gui_network_configuration_tools">5.2.1. GUI network configuration tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_legacy_network_connection_and_configuration">5.3. The legacy network connection and configuration</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_connection_method_legacy">5.4. The network connection method (legacy)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_dhcp_connection_with_the_ethernet">5.4.1. The DHCP connection with the Ethernet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_static_ip_connection_with_the_ethernet">5.4.2. The static IP connection with the Ethernet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_ppp_connection_with_pppconfig">5.4.3. The PPP connection with pppconfig</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_alternative_ppp_connection_with_wvdialconf">5.4.4. The alternative PPP connection with wvdialconf</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_pppoe_connection_with_pppoeconf">5.4.5. The PPPoE connection with pppoeconf</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_basic_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy">5.5. The basic network configuration with ifupdown (legacy)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_command_syntax_simplified">5.5.1. The command syntax simplified</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_basic_syntax_of_etc_network_interfaces">5.5.2. The basic syntax of "/etc/network/interfaces"</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_loopback_network_interface">5.5.3. The loopback network interface</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_interface_served_by_the_dhcp">5.5.4. The network interface served by the DHCP</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_interface_with_the_static_ip">5.5.5. The network interface with the static IP</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_basics_of_wireless_lan_interface">5.5.6. The basics of wireless LAN interface</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_wireless_lan_interface_with_wpa_wpa2">5.5.7. The wireless LAN interface with WPA/WPA2</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_wireless_lan_interface_with_wep">5.5.8. The wireless LAN interface with WEP</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_ppp_connection">5.5.9. The PPP connection</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_alternative_ppp_connection">5.5.10. The alternative PPP connection</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_pppoe_connection">5.5.11. The PPPoE connection</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_network_configuration_state_of_ifupdown">5.5.12. The network configuration state of ifupdown</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_basic_network_reconfiguration">5.5.13. The basic network reconfiguration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_ifupdown_extra_package">5.5.14. The ifupdown-extra package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_advanced_network_configuration_with_ifupdown_legacy">5.6. The advanced network configuration with ifupdown (legacy)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_ifplugd_package">5.6.1. The ifplugd package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_ifmetric_package">5.6.2. The ifmetric package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_virtual_interface">5.6.3. The virtual interface</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_advanced_command_syntax">5.6.4. The advanced command syntax</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_mapping_stanza">5.6.5. The mapping stanza</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_manually_switchable_network_configuration">5.6.6. The manually switchable network configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_scripting_with_the_ifupdown_system">5.6.7. Scripting with the ifupdown system</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_mapping_with_guessnet">5.6.8. Mapping with guessnet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_the_low_level_network_configuration">5.7. The low level network configuration</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_iproute2_commands">5.7.1. Iproute2 commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_safe_low_level_network_operations">5.7.2. Safe low level network operations</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_network_optimization">5.8. Network optimization</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_finding_optimal_mtu">5.8.1. Finding optimal MTU</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_setting_mtu">5.8.2. Setting MTU</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch05.en.html#_wan_tcp_optimization">5.8.3. WAN TCP optimization</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch05.en.html#_netfilter_infrastructure">5.9. Netfilter infrastructure</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch06.en.html">6. Network applications</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_web_browsers">6.1. Web browsers</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_browser_configuration">6.1.1. Browser configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_mail_system">6.2. The mail system</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_email_basics">6.2.1. Email basics</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_modern_mail_service_basics">6.2.2. Modern mail service basics</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_mail_configuration_strategy_for_workstation">6.2.3. The mail configuration strategy for workstation</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_mail_transport_agent_mta">6.3. Mail transport agent (MTA)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_configuration_of_exim4">6.3.1. The configuration of exim4</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_configuration_of_postfix_with_sasl">6.3.2. The configuration of postfix with SASL</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_mail_address_configuration">6.3.3. The mail address configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_basic_mta_operations">6.3.4. Basic MTA operations</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_mail_user_agent_mua">6.4. Mail user agent (MUA)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_basic_mua_mutt">6.4.1. Basic MUA — Mutt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_remote_mail_retrieval_and_forward_utility">6.5. The remote mail retrieval and forward utility</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_getmail_configuration">6.5.1. getmail configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_fetchmail_configuration">6.5.2. fetchmail configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_mail_delivery_agent_mda_with_filter">6.6. Mail delivery agent (MDA) with filter</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_maildrop_configuration">6.6.1. maildrop configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_procmail_configuration">6.6.2. procmail configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_redeliver_mbox_contents">6.6.3. Redeliver mbox contents</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_pop3_imap4_server">6.7. POP3/IMAP4 server</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_print_server_and_utilities">6.8. The print server and utilities</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_remote_access_server_and_utilities_ssh">6.9. The remote access server and utilities (SSH)</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_basics_of_ssh">6.9.1. Basics of SSH</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_port_forwarding_for_smtp_pop3_tunneling">6.9.2. Port forwarding for SMTP/POP3 tunneling</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_connecting_without_remote_passwords">6.9.3. Connecting without remote passwords</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_dealing_with_alien_ssh_clients">6.9.4. Dealing with alien SSH clients</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_setting_up_ssh_agent">6.9.5. Setting up ssh-agent</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_how_to_shutdown_the_remote_system_on_ssh">6.9.6. How to shutdown the remote system on SSH</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch06.en.html#_troubleshooting_ssh">6.9.7. Troubleshooting SSH</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_other_network_application_servers">6.10. Other network application servers</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_other_network_application_clients">6.11. Other network application clients</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch06.en.html#_the_diagnosis_of_the_system_daemons">6.12. The diagnosis of the system daemons</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch07.en.html">7. The X Window System</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_key_packages">7.1. Key packages</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_setting_up_desktop_environment">7.2. Setting up desktop environment</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_debian_menu">7.2.1. Debian menu</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_freedesktop_org_menu">7.2.2. Freedesktop.org menu</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_debian_menu_from_freedesktop_org_menu">7.2.3. Debian menu from Freedesktop.org menu</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_server_client_relationship">7.3. The server/client relationship</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_x_server">7.4. The X server</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_re_configuration_of_the_x_server">7.4.1. The (re)configuration of the X server</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_connection_methods_to_the_x_server">7.4.2. The connection methods to the X server</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_starting_the_x_window_system">7.5. Starting the X Window System</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_starting_x_session_with_gdm3">7.5.1. Starting X session with gdm3</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_customizing_the_x_session_classic_method">7.5.2. Customizing the X session (classic method)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_customizing_the_x_session_new_method">7.5.3. Customizing the X session (new method)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_connecting_a_remote_x_client_via_ssh">7.5.4. Connecting a remote X client via SSH</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_secure_x_terminal_via_the_internet">7.5.5. Secure X terminal via the Internet</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_fonts_in_the_x_window">7.6. Fonts in the X Window</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_basic_fonts">7.6.1. Basic fonts</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_additional_fonts">7.6.2. Additional fonts</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_cjk_fonts">7.6.3. CJK fonts</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_x_applications">7.7. X applications</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_x_office_applications">7.7.1. X office applications</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_x_utility_applications">7.7.2. X utility applications</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_x_trivia">7.8. The X trivia</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_keymaps_and_pointer_button_mappings_in_x">7.8.1. Keymaps and pointer button mappings in X</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_classic_x_clients">7.8.2. Classic X clients</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_the_x_terminal_emulator_xterm">7.8.3. The X terminal emulator — xterm</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch07.en.html#_running_x_clients_as_root">7.8.4. Running X clients as root</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch08.en.html">8. I18N and L10N</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_keyboard_input">8.1. The keyboard input</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_input_method_support_with_ibus">8.1.1. The input method support with IBus</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_an_example_for_japanese">8.1.2. An example for Japanese</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_disabling_the_input_method">8.1.3. Disabling the input method</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_display_output">8.2. The display output</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_locale">8.3. The locale</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_basics_of_encoding">8.3.1. Basics of encoding</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_rationale_for_utf_8_locale">8.3.2. Rationale for UTF-8 locale</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_reconfiguration_of_the_locale">8.3.3. The reconfiguration of the locale</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_the_value_of_the_literal_lang_literal_environment_variable">8.3.4. The value of the "<code class="literal">$LANG</code>" environment variable</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_specific_locale_only_under_x_window">8.3.5. Specific locale only under X Window</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_filename_encoding">8.3.6. Filename encoding</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_localized_messages_and_translated_documentation">8.3.7. Localized messages and translated documentation</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch08.en.html#_effects_of_the_locale">8.3.8. Effects of the locale</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch09.en.html">9. System tips</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_screen_program">9.1. The screen program</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_use_scenario_for_screen_1">9.1.1. The use scenario for screen(1)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_key_bindings_for_the_screen_command">9.1.2. Key bindings for the screen command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_data_recording_and_presentation">9.2. Data recording and presentation</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_log_daemon">9.2.1. The log daemon</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_log_analyzer">9.2.2. Log analyzer</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_recording_the_shell_activities_cleanly">9.2.3. Recording the shell activities cleanly</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_customized_display_of_text_data">9.2.4. Customized display of text data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_customized_display_of_time_and_date">9.2.5. Customized display of time and date</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_colorized_shell_echo">9.2.6. Colorized shell echo</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_colorized_commands">9.2.7. Colorized commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_recording_the_editor_activities_for_complex_repeats">9.2.8. Recording the editor activities for complex repeats</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_recording_the_graphic_image_of_an_x_application">9.2.9. Recording the graphic image of an X application</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_recording_changes_in_configuration_files">9.2.10. Recording changes in configuration files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_monitoring_controlling_and_starting_program_activities">9.3. Monitoring, controlling, and starting program activities</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_timing_a_process">9.3.1. Timing a process</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_scheduling_priority">9.3.2. The scheduling priority</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_ps_command">9.3.3. The ps command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_top_command">9.3.4. The top command</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_listing_files_opened_by_a_process">9.3.5. Listing files opened by a process</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_tracing_program_activities">9.3.6. Tracing program activities</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_identification_of_processes_using_files_or_sockets">9.3.7. Identification of processes using files or sockets</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_repeating_a_command_with_a_constant_interval">9.3.8. Repeating a command with a constant interval</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_repeating_a_command_looping_over_files">9.3.9. Repeating a command looping over files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_starting_a_program_from_gui">9.3.10. Starting a program from GUI</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_customizing_program_to_be_started">9.3.11. Customizing program to be started</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_killing_a_process">9.3.12. Killing a process</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_scheduling_tasks_once">9.3.13. Scheduling tasks once</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_scheduling_tasks_regularly">9.3.14. Scheduling tasks regularly</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_alt_sysrq_key">9.3.15. Alt-SysRq key</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_system_maintenance_tips">9.4. System maintenance tips</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_who_is_on_the_system">9.4.1. Who is on the system?</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_warning_everyone">9.4.2. Warning everyone</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_hardware_identification">9.4.3. Hardware identification</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_hardware_configuration">9.4.4. Hardware configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_system_and_hardware_time">9.4.5. System and hardware time</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_terminal_configuration">9.4.6. The terminal configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_sound_infrastructure">9.4.7. The sound infrastructure</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_disabling_the_screen_saver">9.4.8. Disabling the screen saver</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_disabling_beep_sounds">9.4.9. Disabling beep sounds</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_memory_usage">9.4.10. Memory usage</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_system_security_and_integrity_check">9.4.11. System security and integrity check</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_data_storage_tips">9.5. Data storage tips</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_disk_space_usage">9.5.1. Disk space usage</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_disk_partition_configuration">9.5.2. Disk partition configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_accessing_partition_using_uuid">9.5.3. Accessing partition using UUID</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_lvm2">9.5.4. LVM2</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_filesystem_configuration">9.5.5. Filesystem configuration</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_filesystem_creation_and_integrity_check">9.5.6. Filesystem creation and integrity check</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_optimization_of_filesystem_by_mount_options">9.5.7. Optimization of filesystem by mount options</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_optimization_of_filesystem_via_superblock">9.5.8. Optimization of filesystem via superblock</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_optimization_of_hard_disk">9.5.9. Optimization of hard disk</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_optimization_of_solid_state_drive">9.5.10. Optimization of solid state drive</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_using_smart_to_predict_hard_disk_failure">9.5.11. Using SMART to predict hard disk failure</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_specify_temporary_storage_directory_via_tmpdir">9.5.12. Specify temporary storage directory via $TMPDIR</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_via_lvm">9.5.13. Expansion of usable storage space via LVM</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_by_mounting_another_partition">9.5.14. Expansion of usable storage space by mounting another partition</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_by_bind_mounting_another_directory">9.5.15. Expansion of usable storage space by bind-mounting another directory</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_using_symlink">9.5.16. Expansion of usable storage space using symlink</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_expansion_of_usable_storage_space_using_aufs">9.5.17. Expansion of usable storage space using aufs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_disk_image">9.6. The disk image</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_making_the_disk_image_file">9.6.1. Making the disk image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_writing_directly_to_the_disk">9.6.2. Writing directly to the disk</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_mounting_the_disk_image_file">9.6.3. Mounting the disk image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_cleaning_a_disk_image_file">9.6.4. Cleaning a disk image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_making_the_empty_disk_image_file">9.6.5. Making the empty disk image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_making_the_iso9660_image_file">9.6.6. Making the ISO9660 image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_writing_directly_to_the_cd_dvd_r_rw">9.6.7. Writing directly to the CD/DVD-R/RW</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_mounting_the_iso9660_image_file">9.6.8. Mounting the ISO9660 image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_binary_data">9.7. The binary data</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_viewing_and_editing_binary_data">9.7.1. Viewing and editing binary data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_manipulating_files_without_mounting_disk">9.7.2. Manipulating files without mounting disk</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_data_redundancy">9.7.3. Data redundancy</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_data_file_recovery_and_forensic_analysis">9.7.4. Data file recovery and forensic analysis</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_splitting_a_large_file_into_small_files">9.7.5. Splitting a large file into small files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_clearing_file_contents">9.7.6. Clearing file contents</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_dummy_files">9.7.7. Dummy files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_erasing_an_entire_hard_disk">9.7.8. Erasing an entire hard disk</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_erasing_unused_area_of_an_hard_disk">9.7.9. Erasing unused area of an hard disk</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_undeleting_deleted_but_still_open_files">9.7.10. Undeleting deleted but still open files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_searching_all_hardlinks">9.7.11. Searching all hardlinks</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_invisible_disk_space_consumption">9.7.12. Invisible disk space consumption</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_data_encryption_tips">9.8. Data encryption tips</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_removable_disk_encryption_with_dm_crypt_luks">9.8.1. Removable disk encryption with dm-crypt/LUKS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_encrypted_swap_partition_with_dm_crypt">9.8.2. Encrypted swap partition with dm-crypt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_mounting_encrypted_disk_with_dm_crypt_luks">9.8.3. Mounting encrypted disk with dm-crypt/LUKS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_automatically_encrypting_files_with_ecryptfs">9.8.4. Automatically encrypting files with eCryptfs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_automatically_mounting_ecryptfs">9.8.5. Automatically mounting eCryptfs</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_the_kernel">9.9. The kernel</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_linux_kernel_2_6_3_x">9.9.1. Linux kernel 2.6/3.x</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_kernel_parameters">9.9.2. Kernel parameters</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_kernel_headers">9.9.3. Kernel headers</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_compiling_the_kernel_and_related_modules">9.9.4. Compiling the kernel and related modules</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_compiling_the_kernel_source_debian_kernel_team_recommendation">9.9.5. Compiling the kernel source: Debian Kernel Team recommendation</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_hardware_drivers_and_firmware">9.9.6. Hardware drivers and firmware</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch09.en.html#_virtualized_system">9.10. Virtualized system</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_virtualization_tools">9.10.1. Virtualization tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_virtualization_work_flow">9.10.2. Virtualization work flow</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_mounting_the_virtual_disk_image_file">9.10.3. Mounting the virtual disk image file</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_chroot_system">9.10.4. Chroot system</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch09.en.html#_multiple_desktop_systems">9.10.5. Multiple desktop systems</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch10.en.html">10. Data management</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_sharing_copying_and_archiving">10.1. Sharing, copying, and archiving</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_archive_and_compression_tools">10.1.1. Archive and compression tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_copy_and_synchronization_tools">10.1.2. Copy and synchronization tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_idioms_for_the_archive">10.1.3. Idioms for the archive</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_idioms_for_the_copy">10.1.4. Idioms for the copy</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_idioms_for_the_selection_of_files">10.1.5. Idioms for the selection of files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_archive_media">10.1.6. Archive media</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_removable_storage_device">10.1.7. Removable storage device</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_filesystem_choice_for_sharing_data">10.1.8. Filesystem choice for sharing data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_sharing_data_via_network">10.1.9. Sharing data via network</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_backup_and_recovery">10.2. Backup and recovery</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_backup_utility_suites">10.2.1. Backup utility suites</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_an_example_script_for_the_system_backup">10.2.2. An example script for the system backup</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_a_copy_script_for_the_data_backup">10.2.3. A copy script for the data backup</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_data_security_infrastructure">10.3. Data security infrastructure</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_key_management_for_gnupg">10.3.1. Key management for GnuPG</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_using_gnupg_on_files">10.3.2. Using GnuPG on files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_using_gnupg_with_mutt">10.3.3. Using GnuPG with Mutt</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_using_gnupg_with_vim">10.3.4. Using GnuPG with Vim</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_the_md5_sum">10.3.5. The MD5 sum</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_source_code_merge_tools">10.4. Source code merge tools</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_extracting_differences_for_source_files">10.4.1. Extracting differences for source files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_merging_updates_for_source_files">10.4.2. Merging updates for source files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_updating_via_3_way_merge">10.4.3. Updating via 3-way-merge</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_version_control_systems">10.5. Version control systems</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_comparison_of_vcs_commands">10.5.1. Comparison of VCS commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_git">10.6. Git</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_configuration_of_git_client">10.6.1. Configuration of Git client</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_git_references">10.6.2. Git references</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_git_commands">10.6.3. Git commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_git_for_the_subversion_repository">10.6.4. Git for the Subversion repository</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_git_for_recording_configuration_history">10.6.5. Git for recording configuration history</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_cvs">10.7. CVS</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_configuration_of_cvs_repository">10.7.1. Configuration of CVS repository</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_local_access_to_cvs">10.7.2. Local access to CVS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_remote_access_to_cvs_with_pserver">10.7.3. Remote access to CVS with pserver</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_remote_access_to_cvs_with_ssh">10.7.4. Remote access to CVS with ssh</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_importing_a_new_source_to_cvs">10.7.5. Importing a new source to CVS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_file_permissions_in_cvs_repository">10.7.6. File permissions in CVS repository</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_work_flow_of_cvs">10.7.7. Work flow of CVS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_latest_files_from_cvs">10.7.8. Latest files from CVS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_administration_of_cvs">10.7.9. Administration of CVS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_execution_bit_for_cvs_checkout">10.7.10. Execution bit for CVS checkout</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch10.en.html#_subversion">10.8. Subversion</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_configuration_of_subversion_repository">10.8.1. Configuration of Subversion repository</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_access_to_subversion_via_apache2_server">10.8.2. Access to Subversion via Apache2 server</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_local_access_to_subversion_by_group">10.8.3. Local access to Subversion by group</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_remote_access_to_subversion_via_ssh">10.8.4. Remote access to Subversion via SSH</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_subversion_directory_structure">10.8.5. Subversion directory structure</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_importing_a_new_source_to_subversion">10.8.6. Importing a new source to Subversion</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch10.en.html#_work_flow_of_subversion">10.8.7. Work flow of Subversion</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch11.en.html">11. Data conversion</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_text_data_conversion_tools">11.1. Text data conversion tools</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_converting_a_text_file_with_iconv">11.1.1. Converting a text file with iconv</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_checking_file_to_be_utf_8_with_iconv">11.1.2. Checking file to be UTF-8 with iconv</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_converting_file_names_with_iconv">11.1.3. Converting file names with iconv</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_eol_conversion">11.1.4. EOL conversion</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_tab_conversion">11.1.5. TAB conversion</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_editors_with_auto_conversion">11.1.6. Editors with auto-conversion</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_plain_text_extraction">11.1.7. Plain text extraction</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_highlighting_and_formatting_plain_text_data">11.1.8. Highlighting and formatting plain text data</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_xml_data">11.2. XML data</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_basic_hints_for_xml">11.2.1. Basic hints for XML</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_xml_processing">11.2.2. XML processing</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_the_xml_data_extraction">11.2.3. The XML data extraction</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_type_setting">11.3. Type setting</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_roff_typesetting">11.3.1. roff typesetting</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_tex_latex">11.3.2. TeX/LaTeX</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_pretty_print_a_manual_page">11.3.3. Pretty print a manual page</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_creating_a_manual_page">11.3.4. Creating a manual page</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_printable_data">11.4. Printable data</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_ghostscript">11.4.1. Ghostscript</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_merge_two_ps_or_pdf_files">11.4.2. Merge two PS or PDF files</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_printable_data_utilities">11.4.3. Printable data utilities</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_printing_with_cups">11.4.4. Printing with CUPS</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_the_mail_data_conversion">11.5. The mail data conversion</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch11.en.html#_mail_data_basics">11.5.1. Mail data basics</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_graphic_data_tools">11.6. Graphic data tools</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch11.en.html#_miscellaneous_data_conversion">11.7. Miscellaneous data conversion</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="chapter">
              <a href="ch12.en.html">12. Programming</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_the_shell_script">12.1. The shell script</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_posix_shell_compatibility">12.1.1. POSIX shell compatibility</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_shell_parameters">12.1.2. Shell parameters</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_shell_conditionals">12.1.3. Shell conditionals</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_shell_loops">12.1.4. Shell loops</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_the_shell_command_line_processing_sequence">12.1.5. The shell command-line processing sequence</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_utility_programs_for_shell_script">12.1.6. Utility programs for shell script</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_shell_script_dialog">12.1.7. Shell script dialog</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_shell_script_example_with_zenity">12.1.8. Shell script example with zenity</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_make">12.2. Make</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_c">12.3. C</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_simple_c_program_gcc">12.3.1. Simple C program (gcc)</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_debug">12.4. Debug</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_basic_gdb_execution">12.4.1. Basic gdb execution</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_debugging_the_debian_package">12.4.2. Debugging the Debian package</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_obtaining_backtrace">12.4.3. Obtaining backtrace</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_advanced_gdb_commands">12.4.4. Advanced gdb commands</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_debugging_x_errors">12.4.5. Debugging X Errors</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_check_dependency_on_libraries">12.4.6. Check dependency on libraries</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_memory_leak_detection_tools">12.4.7. Memory leak detection tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_static_code_analysis_tools">12.4.8. Static code analysis tools</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_disassemble_binary">12.4.9. Disassemble binary</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_flex_a_better_lex">12.5. Flex — a better Lex</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_bison_a_better_yacc">12.6. Bison — a better Yacc</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_autoconf">12.7. Autoconf</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_compile_and_install_a_program">12.7.1. Compile and install a program</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                  <dt>
                    <span class="section">
                      <a href="ch12.en.html#_uninstall_program">12.7.2. Uninstall program</a>
                    </span>
                  </dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_perl_short_script_madness">12.8. Perl short script madness</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_web">12.9. Web</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_the_source_code_translation">12.10. The source code translation</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="ch12.en.html#_making_debian_package">12.11. Making Debian package</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
          <dt>
            <span class="appendix">
              <a href="apa.en.html">A. Appendix</a>
            </span>
          </dt>
          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="apa.en.html#_the_debian_maze">A.1. The Debian maze</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="apa.en.html#_copyright_history">A.2. Copyright history</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
              <dt>
                <span class="section">
                  <a href="apa.en.html#_document_format">A.3. Document format</a>
                </span>
              </dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
      <div class="list-of-tables">
        <p>
          <strong>List of Tables</strong>
        </p>
        <dl>
          <dt>1.1. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofinterestineprogrampackages">List of interesting text-mode program packages</a></dt>
          <dt>1.2. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofinformativentationpackages">List of informative documentation packages</a></dt>
          <dt>1.3. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofusageofkeydirectories">List of usage of key directories</a></dt>
          <dt>1.4. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofthefirstchacteroflsloutput">List of the first character of "<code class="literal">ls -l</code>" output</a></dt>
          <dt>1.5. <a href="ch01.en.html#thenumericmodefoinchmodbcommands">The numeric mode for file permissions in <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span> commands</a></dt>
          <dt>1.6. <a href="ch01.en.html#theumaskvalueexamples">The <span class="strong">umask</span> value examples</a></dt>
          <dt>1.7. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofnotablesysupsforfileaccess">List of notable system-provided groups for file access</a></dt>
          <dt>1.8. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofnotablesysommandexecutions">List of notable system provided groups for particular command executions</a></dt>
          <dt>1.9. <a href="ch01.en.html#listoftypesoftimestamps">List of types of timestamps</a></dt>
          <dt>1.10. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofspecialdevicefiles">List of special device files</a></dt>
          <dt>1.11. <a href="ch01.en.html#thekeybindingsofmc">The key bindings of MC</a></dt>
          <dt>1.12. <a href="ch01.en.html#thereactiontotheenterkeyinmc">The reaction to the enter key in MC</a></dt>
          <dt>1.13. <a href="ch01.en.html#list-of-shell-programs">List of shell programs</a></dt>
          <dt>1.14. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofkeybindingsforbash">List of key bindings for bash</a></dt>
          <dt>1.15. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofunixstylemouseoperations">List of Unix style mouse operations</a></dt>
          <dt>1.16. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofbasicunixcommands">List of basic Unix commands</a></dt>
          <dt>1.17. <a href="ch01.en.html#thedpartsoflocalevalue">The 3 parts of locale value</a></dt>
          <dt>1.18. <a href="ch01.en.html#listoflocalerecommendations">List of locale recommendations</a></dt>
          <dt>1.19. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofhomevalues">List of "<code class="literal">$HOME</code>" values</a></dt>
          <dt>1.20. <a href="ch01.en.html#shellglobpatterns">Shell glob patterns</a></dt>
          <dt>1.21. <a href="ch01.en.html#commandexitcodes">Command exit codes</a></dt>
          <dt>1.22. <a href="ch01.en.html#shellcommandidioms">Shell command idioms</a></dt>
          <dt>1.23. <a href="ch01.en.html#predefinedfiledescriptors">Predefined file descriptors</a></dt>
          <dt>1.24. <a href="ch01.en.html#metacharactersforbreandere">Metacharacters for BRE and ERE</a></dt>
          <dt>1.25. <a href="ch01.en.html#thereplacementexpression">The replacement expression</a></dt>
          <dt>1.26. <a href="ch01.en.html#listofscriptsniporpipingcommands">List of script snippets for piping commands</a></dt>
          <dt>2.1. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofdebianpackemanagementtools">List of Debian package management tools</a></dt>
          <dt>2.2. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofdebianarchivesites">List of Debian archive sites</a></dt>
          <dt>2.3. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofdebianarchivearea">List of Debian archive area</a></dt>
          <dt>2.4. <a href="ch02.en.html#therelationshipbsuiteandcodename">The relationship between suite and codename</a></dt>
          <dt>2.5. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofkeywebsiteaspecificpackage">List of key web site to resolving problems with a specific package</a></dt>
          <dt>2.6. <a href="ch02.en.html#basicpackagemanaaptgetiaptcachei">Basic package management operations with the commandline using <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aptitude</span>(8)</span> and <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">apt-get</span>(8)</span> /<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">apt-cache</span>(8)</span></a></dt>
          <dt>2.7. <a href="ch02.en.html#notablecommandopionsforaptitudei">Notable command options for <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aptitude</span>(8)</span></a></dt>
          <dt>2.8. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofkeybindingsforaptitude">List of key bindings for aptitude</a></dt>
          <dt>2.9. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofviewsforaptitude">List of views for aptitude</a></dt>
          <dt>2.10. <a href="ch02.en.html#standard-package-views">The categorization of standard package views</a></dt>
          <dt>2.11. <a href="ch02.en.html#listoftheaptituderegexformula">List of the aptitude regex formula</a></dt>
          <dt>2.12. <a href="ch02.en.html#thelogfilesforpackageactivities">The log files for package activities</a></dt>
          <dt>2.13. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofadvancedpagementoperations">List of advanced package management operations</a></dt>
          <dt>2.14. <a href="ch02.en.html#thecontentofthednarchivemetadata">The content of the Debian archive meta data</a></dt>
          <dt>2.15. <a href="ch02.en.html#thenamestructureofdebianpackages">The name structure of Debian packages</a></dt>
          <dt>2.16. <a href="ch02.en.html#theusablecharactbianpackagenames">The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names</a></dt>
          <dt>2.17. <a href="ch02.en.html#thenotablefilescreatedbydpkg">The notable files created by <code class="literal">dpkg</code></a></dt>
          <dt>2.18. <a href="ch02.en.html#listofnotablepinpinningtechnique">List of notable Pin-Priority values for <span class="strong">apt-pinning</span> technique.</a></dt>
          <dt>2.19. <a href="ch02.en.html#listoftheproxytofordebianarchive">List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive</a></dt>
          <dt>3.1. <a href="ch03.en.html#listofbootloaders">List of boot loaders</a></dt>
          <dt>3.2. <a href="ch03.en.html#themeaningofgrubparameters">The meaning of GRUB parameters</a></dt>
          <dt>3.3. <a href="ch03.en.html#listofbootutilitrthedebiansystem">List of boot utilities for the Debian system</a></dt>
          <dt>3.4. <a href="ch03.en.html#listofrunlevelsationoftheirusage">List of runlevels and description of their usage</a></dt>
          <dt>3.5. <a href="ch03.en.html#listofkernelerrorlevels">List of kernel error levels</a></dt>
          <dt>4.1. <a href="ch04.en.html#dimportantconfigilesforpam_unixi">3 important configuration files for <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pam_unix</span>(8)</span></a></dt>
          <dt>4.2. <a href="ch04.en.html#thesecondentrycontentofetcpasswd">The second entry content of "<code class="literal">/etc/passwd</code>"</a></dt>
          <dt>4.3. <a href="ch04.en.html#listofcommandstocountinformation">List of commands to manage account information</a></dt>
          <dt>4.4. <a href="ch04.en.html#listoftoolstogeneratepassword">List of tools to generate password</a></dt>
          <dt>4.5. <a href="ch04.en.html#listofnotablepamandnsssystems">List of notable PAM and NSS systems</a></dt>
          <dt>4.6. <a href="ch04.en.html#listofconfiguratessedbypamandnss">List of configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS</a></dt>
          <dt>4.7. <a href="ch04.en.html#listofinsecureanservicesandports">List of insecure and secure services and ports</a></dt>
          <dt>4.8. <a href="ch04.en.html#listoftoolstoprosecuritymeasures">List of tools to provide extra security measures</a></dt>
          <dt>5.1. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkconfigurationtools">List of network configuration tools</a></dt>
          <dt>5.2. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkaddressranges">List of network address ranges</a></dt>
          <dt>5.3. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkcondconnectionpaths">List of network connection methods and connection paths</a></dt>
          <dt>5.4. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkcononconfigurations">List of network connection configurations</a></dt>
          <dt>5.5. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkconnectionacronyms">List of network connection acronyms</a></dt>
          <dt>5.6. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofconfigurationwithpppconfig">List of configuration files for the PPP connection with pppconfig</a></dt>
          <dt>5.7. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofconfiguratonwithwvdialconf">List of configuration files for the PPP connection with wvdialconf</a></dt>
          <dt>5.8. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofconfigurationwithpppoeconf">List of configuration files for the PPPoE connection with pppoeconf</a></dt>
          <dt>5.9. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofbasicnetwoandswithifupdown">List of basic network configuration commands with ifupdown</a></dt>
          <dt>5.10. <a href="ch05.en.html#list-of-stanzas-in-eni">List of stanzas in "<code class="literal">/etc/network/interfaces</code>"</a></dt>
          <dt>5.11. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofacronymsforwlan">List of acronyms for WLAN</a></dt>
          <dt>5.12. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofterminologornetworkdevices">List of terminology for network devices</a></dt>
          <dt>5.13. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofadvancedneandswithifupdown">List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown</a></dt>
          <dt>5.14. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofenvironmenheifupdownsystem">List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system</a></dt>
          <dt>5.15. <a href="ch05.en.html#translationtableiprouteccommands">Translation table from obsolete <code class="literal">net-tools</code> commands to new <code class="literal">iproute2</code> commands</a></dt>
          <dt>5.16. <a href="ch05.en.html#listoflowlevelnetworkcommands">List of low level network commands</a></dt>
          <dt>5.17. <a href="ch05.en.html#listofnetworkoptimizationtools">List of network optimization tools</a></dt>
          <dt>5.18. <a href="ch05.en.html#basicguidelinesoeoptimalmtuvalue">Basic guide lines of the optimal MTU value</a></dt>
          <dt>5.19. <a href="ch05.en.html#listoffirewalltools">List of firewall tools</a></dt>
          <dt>6.1. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofwebbrowsers">List of web browsers</a></dt>
          <dt>6.2. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofbrowserpluginpackages">List of browser plugin packages</a></dt>
          <dt>6.3. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofbasicmailtesforworkstation">List of basic mail transport agent related packages for workstation</a></dt>
          <dt>6.4. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofchoicesforsindebianarchive">List of choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages in Debian archive</a></dt>
          <dt>6.5. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofimportantpstfixmanualpages">List of important postfix manual pages</a></dt>
          <dt>6.6. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofmailaddresnfigurationfiles">List of mail address related configuration files</a></dt>
          <dt>6.7. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofbasicmtaoperation">List of basic MTA operation</a></dt>
          <dt>6.8. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofmailuseragentmua">List of mail user agent (MUA)</a></dt>
          <dt>6.9. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofremotemailforwardutilities">List of remote mail retrieval and forward utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>6.10. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofmdawithfilter">List of MDA with filter</a></dt>
          <dt>6.11. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofpopdimapeservers">List of POP3/IMAP4 servers</a></dt>
          <dt>6.12. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofprintserversandutilities">List of print servers and utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>6.13. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofremoteaccerverandutilities">List of remote access server and utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>6.14. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofsshauthenttocolsandmethods">List of SSH authentication protocols and methods</a></dt>
          <dt>6.15. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofsshconfigurationfiles">List of SSH configuration files</a></dt>
          <dt>6.16. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofsshclientstartupexamples">List of SSH client startup examples</a></dt>
          <dt>6.17. <a href="ch06.en.html#listoffreesshcliorotherplatforms">List of free SSH clients for other platforms</a></dt>
          <dt>6.18. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofothernetwoplicationservers">List of other network application servers</a></dt>
          <dt>6.19. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofnetworkapplicationclients">List of network application clients</a></dt>
          <dt>6.20. <a href="ch06.en.html#listofpopularrfcs">List of popular RFCs</a></dt>
          <dt>7.1. <a href="ch07.en.html#listofkeymetapackagesforxwindow">List of key (meta)packages for X Window</a></dt>
          <dt>7.2. <a href="ch07.en.html#listofserverclientterminology">List of server/client terminology</a></dt>
          <dt>7.3. <a href="ch07.en.html#listofconnectionhodstothexserver">List of connection methods to the X server</a></dt>
          <dt>7.4. <a href="ch07.en.html#tableofpackagestindowfontsystems">Table of packages to support X Window font systems</a></dt>
          <dt>7.5. <a href="ch07.en.html#tableofcorresponscripttypebfonts">Table of corresponding PostScript Type 1 fonts</a></dt>
          <dt>7.6. <a href="ch07.en.html#tableofcorresponingtruetypefonts">Table of corresponding TrueType fonts</a></dt>
          <dt>7.7. <a href="ch07.en.html#tableofkeywordsundicatefonttypes">Table of key words used in CJK font names to indicate font types</a></dt>
          <dt>7.8. <a href="ch07.en.html#listofbasicxofficeapplications">List of basic X office applications</a></dt>
          <dt>7.9. <a href="ch07.en.html#listofbasicxutilityapplications">List of basic X utility applications</a></dt>
          <dt>8.1. <a href="ch08.en.html#listofinputmethosupportswithibus">List of input method supports with IBus</a></dt>
          <dt>9.1. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofprogramstotworkconnections">List of programs to support interrupted network connections</a></dt>
          <dt>9.2. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofkeybindingsforscreen">List of key bindings for screen</a></dt>
          <dt>9.3. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofsystemloganalyzers">List of system log analyzers</a></dt>
          <dt>9.4. <a href="ch09.en.html#displayexamplesocommandforwheezy">Display examples of time and date for the "<code class="literal">ls -l</code>" command for <code class="literal">wheezy</code></a></dt>
          <dt>9.5. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofgraphicimaanipulationtools">List of graphic image manipulation tools</a></dt>
          <dt>9.6. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofpackagestotionhistoryinvcs">List of packages to record configuration history in VCS</a></dt>
          <dt>9.7. <a href="ch09.en.html#listoftoolsformorogramactivities">List of tools for monitoring and controlling program activities</a></dt>
          <dt>9.8. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofnicevalueshedulingpriority">List of nice values for the scheduling priority</a></dt>
          <dt>9.9. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofpscommandstyles">List of ps command styles</a></dt>
          <dt>9.10. <a href="ch09.en.html#listoffrequentlylsforkillcommand">List of frequently used signals for kill command</a></dt>
          <dt>9.11. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofsakcommandkeys">List of SAK command keys</a></dt>
          <dt>9.12. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofhardwareidntificationtools">List of hardware identification tools</a></dt>
          <dt>9.13. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofhardwareconfigurationtools">List of hardware configuration tools</a></dt>
          <dt>9.14. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofsoundpackages">List of sound packages</a></dt>
          <dt>9.15. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofcommandsfongthescreensaver">List of commands for disabling the screen saver</a></dt>
          <dt>9.16. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofmemorysizesreported">List of memory sizes reported</a></dt>
          <dt>9.17. <a href="ch09.en.html#listoftoolsforsyndintegritycheck">List of tools for system security and integrity check</a></dt>
          <dt>9.18. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofdiskpartitnagementpackages">List of disk partition management packages</a></dt>
          <dt>9.19. <a href="ch09.en.html#listoffilesystemnagementpackages">List of filesystem management packages</a></dt>
          <dt>9.20. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofpackageswhndeditbinarydata">List of packages which view and edit binary data</a></dt>
          <dt>9.21. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofpackagestohoutmountingdisk">List of packages to manipulate files without mounting disk</a></dt>
          <dt>9.22. <a href="ch09.en.html#listoftoolstoaddedundancytofiles">List of tools to add data redundancy to files</a></dt>
          <dt>9.23. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofpackagesfoforensicanalysis">List of packages for data file recovery and forensic analysis</a></dt>
          <dt>9.24. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofdataencryptionutilities">List of data encryption utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>9.25. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofkeypackagenthedebiansystem">List of key packages to be installed for the kernel recompilation on the Debian system</a></dt>
          <dt>9.26. <a href="ch09.en.html#listofvirtualizationtools">List of virtualization tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.1. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofarchiveandcompressiontools">List of archive and compression tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.2. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofcopyandsynhronizationtools">List of copy and synchronization tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.3. <a href="ch10.en.html#listoffilesystemalusagescenarios">List of filesystem choices for removable storage devices with typical usage scenarios</a></dt>
          <dt>10.4. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofthenetworkcalusagescenario">List of the network service to chose with the typical usage scenario</a></dt>
          <dt>10.5. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofbackupsuiteutilities">List of backup suite utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>10.6. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofdatasecurirastructuretools">List of data security infrastructure tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.7. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofgnuprivacythekeymanagement">List of GNU Privacy Guard commands for the key management</a></dt>
          <dt>10.8. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofthemeaningofthetrustcode">List of the meaning of the trust code</a></dt>
          <dt>10.9. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofgnuprivacydcommandsonfiles">List of GNU Privacy Guard commands on files</a></dt>
          <dt>10.10. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofsourcecodemergetools">List of source code merge tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.11. <a href="ch10.en.html#list-of-vcs">List of version control system tools</a></dt>
          <dt>10.12. <a href="ch10.en.html#comparisonofnativevcscommands">Comparison of native VCS commands</a></dt>
          <dt>10.13. <a href="ch10.en.html#listofgitrelatedkagesandcommands">List of git related packages and commands</a></dt>
          <dt>10.14. <a href="ch10.en.html#notableoptionsfotargumentstocvsb">Notable options for CVS commands (use as first argument(s) to <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cvs</span>(1)</span>)</a></dt>
          <dt>10.15. <a href="ch10.en.html#notableoptionsfotargumentstosvnb">Notable options for Subversion commands (use as first argument(s) to <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">svn</span>(1)</span>)</a></dt>
          <dt>11.1. <a href="ch11.en.html#listoftextdataconversiontools">List of text data conversion tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.2. <a href="ch11.en.html#list-of-encoding-values">List of encoding values and their usage</a></dt>
          <dt>11.3. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofeolstylesffferentplatforms">List of EOL styles for different platforms</a></dt>
          <dt>11.4. <a href="ch11.en.html#listoftabconversoreutilspackages">List of TAB conversion commands from <code class="literal">bsdmainutils</code> and <code class="literal">coreutils</code> packages</a></dt>
          <dt>11.5. <a href="ch11.en.html#listoftoolstoextactplaintextdata">List of tools to extract plain text data</a></dt>
          <dt>11.6. <a href="ch11.en.html#listoftoolstohigghtplaintextdata">List of tools to highlight plain text data</a></dt>
          <dt>11.7. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofpredefinedentitiesforxml">List of predefined entities for XML</a></dt>
          <dt>11.8. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofxmltools">List of XML tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.9. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofdsssltools">List of DSSSL tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.10. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofxmldataextractiontools">List of XML data extraction tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.11. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofxmlprettyprinttools">List of XML pretty print tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.12. <a href="ch11.en.html#listoftypesettingtools">List of type setting tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.13. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofpackagestoeatingthemanpage">List of packages to help creating the manpage</a></dt>
          <dt>11.14. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofghostscripriptinterpreters">List of Ghostscript PostScript interpreters</a></dt>
          <dt>11.15. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofprintabledatautilities">List of printable data utilities</a></dt>
          <dt>11.16. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofpackagestoildataconversion">List of packages to help mail data conversion</a></dt>
          <dt>11.17. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofgraphicdatatools">List of graphic data tools</a></dt>
          <dt>11.18. <a href="ch11.en.html#listofmiscellaneaconversiontools">List of miscellaneous data conversion tools</a></dt>
          <dt>12.1. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofpackagestohelpprograming">List of packages to help programing</a></dt>
          <dt>12.2. <a href="ch12.en.html#listoftypicalbashisms">List of typical bashisms</a></dt>
          <dt>12.3. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofshellparameters">List of shell parameters</a></dt>
          <dt>12.4. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofshellparameterexpansions">List of shell parameter expansions</a></dt>
          <dt>12.5. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofkeyshellpatersubstitutions">List of key shell parameter substitutions</a></dt>
          <dt>12.6. <a href="ch12.en.html#listoffilecompartionalexpression">List of file comparison operators in the conditional expression</a></dt>
          <dt>12.7. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofstringcomptionalexpression">List of string comparison operators in the conditional expression</a></dt>
          <dt>12.8. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofpackagescosforshellscripts">List of packages containing small utility programs for shell scripts</a></dt>
          <dt>12.9. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofuserinterfaceprograms">List of user interface programs</a></dt>
          <dt>12.10. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofmakeautomaticvariables">List of make automatic variables</a></dt>
          <dt>12.11. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofmakevariableexpansions">List of make variable expansions</a></dt>
          <dt>12.12. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofadvancedgdbcommands">List of advanced gdb commands</a></dt>
          <dt>12.13. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofmemoryleakdetectiontools">List of memory leak detection tools</a></dt>
          <dt>12.14. <a href="ch12.en.html#listoftoolsforstaticcodeanalysis">List of tools for static code analysis</a></dt>
          <dt>12.15. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofyacccompatparsergenerators">List of Yacc-compatible LALR parser generators</a></dt>
          <dt>12.16. <a href="ch12.en.html#listofsourcecodetranslationtools">List of source code translation tools</a></dt>
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