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  <div class="section" id="persisting-the-decorator-pattern">
<h1>Persisting the Decorator Pattern<a class="headerlink" href="#persisting-the-decorator-pattern" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p><em>Section author: Chris Woodford &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:chris&#46;woodford&#37;&#52;&#48;gmail&#46;com">chris<span>&#46;</span>woodford<span>&#64;</span>gmail<span>&#46;</span>com</a>&gt;</em></p>
<p>This recipe will show you a simple example of how you can use
Doctrine 2 to persist an implementation of the
<a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">Decorator Pattern</a></p>
<div class="section" id="component">
<h2>Component<a class="headerlink" href="#component" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt> class needs to be persisted, so it&#8217;s going to
be an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entity</span></tt>. As the top of the inheritance hierarchy, it&#8217;s going
to have to define the persistent inheritance. For this example, we
will use Single Table Inheritance, but Class Table Inheritance
would work as well. In the discriminator map, we will define two
concrete subclasses, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ConcreteComponent</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ConcreteDecorator</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">Test</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd"> * @Entity</span>
<span class="sd"> * @InheritanceType(&quot;SINGLE_TABLE&quot;)</span>
<span class="sd"> * @DiscriminatorColumn(name=&quot;discr&quot;, type=&quot;string&quot;)</span>
<span class="sd"> * @DiscriminatorMap({&quot;cc&quot; = &quot;Test\Component\ConcreteComponent&quot;,</span>
<span class="sd">    &quot;cd&quot; = &quot;Test\Decorator\ConcreteDecorator&quot;})</span>
<span class="sd"> */</span>
<span class="k">abstract</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Component</span>
<span class="p">{</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * @Id @Column(type=&quot;integer&quot;)</span>
<span class="sd">     * @GeneratedValue(strategy=&quot;AUTO&quot;)</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="sd">/** @Column(type=&quot;string&quot;, nullable=true) */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * Get id</span>
<span class="sd">     * @return integer $id</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getId</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">id</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * Set name</span>
<span class="sd">     * @param string $name</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">setName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * Get name</span>
<span class="sd">     * @return string $name</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getName</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="concretecomponent">
<h2>ConcreteComponent<a class="headerlink" href="#concretecomponent" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ConcreteComponent</span></tt> class is pretty simple and doesn&#8217;t do much
more than extend the abstract <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt> class (only for the
purpose of keeping this example simple).</p>
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">Test\Component</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Test\Component</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="sd">/** @Entity */</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ConcreteComponent</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">Component</span>
<span class="p">{}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="decorator">
<h2>Decorator<a class="headerlink" href="#decorator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> class doesn&#8217;t need to be persisted, but it does
need to define an association with a persisted <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entity</span></tt>. We can
use a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MappedSuperclass</span></tt> for this.</p>
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">Test</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="sd">/** @MappedSuperclass */</span>
<span class="k">abstract</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Decorator</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">Component</span>
<span class="p">{</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * @OneToOne(targetEntity=&quot;Test\Component&quot;, cascade={&quot;all&quot;})</span>
<span class="sd">     * @JoinColumn(name=&quot;decorates&quot;, referencedColumnName=&quot;id&quot;)</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$decorates</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * initialize the decorator</span>
<span class="sd">     * @param Component $c</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setDecorates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * (non-PHPdoc)</span>
<span class="sd">     * @see Test.Component::getName()</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getName</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Decorated &#39;</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getDecorates</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getName</span><span class="p">();</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * the component being decorated</span>
<span class="sd">     * @return Component</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getDecorates</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decorates</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * sets the component being decorated</span>
<span class="sd">     * @param Component $c</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">setDecorates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decorates</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>All operations on the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> (i.e. persist, remove, etc) will
cascade from the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt>. This means that
when we persist a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt>, Doctrine will take care of
persisting the chain of decorated objects for us. A <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> can
be treated exactly as a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt> when it comes time to
persisting it.</p>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator's</span></tt> constructor accepts an instance of a
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt>, as defined by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> pattern. The
setDecorates/getDecorates methods have been defined as protected to
hide the fact that a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> is decorating a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt> and
keeps the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component</span></tt> interface and the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> interface
identical.</p>
<p>To illustrate the intended result of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> pattern, the
getName() method has been overridden to append a string to the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Component's</span></tt> getName() method.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="concretedecorator">
<h2>ConcreteDecorator<a class="headerlink" href="#concretedecorator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The final class required to complete a simple implementation of the
Decorator pattern is the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ConcreteDecorator</span></tt>. In order to further
illustrate how the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Decorator</span></tt> can alter data as it moves through
the chain of decoration, a new field, &#8220;special&#8221;, has been added to
this class. The getName() has been overridden and appends the value
of the getSpecial() method to its return value.</p>
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="k">namespace</span> <span class="nx">Test\Decorator</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Test\Decorator</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="sd">/** @Entity */</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ConcreteDecorator</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">Decorator</span>
<span class="p">{</span>

    <span class="sd">/** @Column(type=&quot;string&quot;, nullable=true) */</span>
    <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$special</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * Set special</span>
<span class="sd">     * @param string $special</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">setSpecial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$special</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">special</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$special</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * Get special</span>
<span class="sd">     * @return string $special</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getSpecial</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">special</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="sd">/**</span>
<span class="sd">     * (non-PHPdoc)</span>
<span class="sd">     * @see Test.Component::getName()</span>
<span class="sd">     */</span>
    <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getName</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;[&#39;</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getSpecial</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="o">.</span> <span class="s1">&#39;] &#39;</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">getName</span><span class="p">();</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Here is an example of how to persist and retrieve your decorated
objects</p>
<div class="highlight-php"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">Test\Component\ConcreteComponent</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="nx">Test\Decorator\ConcreteDecorator</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="c1">// assumes Doctrine 2 is configured and an instance of</span>
<span class="c1">// an EntityManager is available as $em</span>

<span class="c1">// create a new concrete component</span>
<span class="nv">$c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ConcreteComponent</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$c</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Test Component 1&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$em</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">persist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// assigned unique ID = 1</span>

<span class="c1">// create a new concrete decorator</span>
<span class="nv">$c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ConcreteComponent</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$c</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Test Component 2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="nv">$d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ConcreteDecorator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$d</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">setSpecial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Really&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$em</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">persist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$d</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// assigns c as unique ID = 2, and d as unique ID = 3</span>

<span class="nv">$em</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">flush</span><span class="p">();</span>

<span class="nv">$c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$em</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Test\Component&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$em</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Test\Component&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nb">get_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// prints: Test\Component\ConcreteComponent</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getName</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="c1">// prints: Test Component 1</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nb">get_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$d</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// prints: Test\Component\ConcreteDecorator</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$d</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">getName</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="c1">// prints: [Really] Decorated Test Component 2</span>
</pre></div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul>
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