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<title>GMTCONVERT</title>
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<h1 align="center">GMTCONVERT</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#ASCII FORMAT PRECISION">ASCII FORMAT PRECISION</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<hr>
<h2>NAME
<a name="NAME"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">gmtconvert
− Converts, Pastes, and/or Extracts columns from ASCII
and binary 1-D tables</p>
<h2>SYNOPSIS
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
[ <i>inputfiles</i> ] [ <b>−A</b> ] [
<b>−D</b>[<i>template</i>] ] [
<b>−E</b>[<b>f</b>|<b>l</b>] ] [
<b>−F</b><i>cols</i> ] [
<b>−H</b>[<b>i</b>][<i>nrec</i>] ] [ <b>−L</b> ]
[ <b>−I</b> ] [ <b>−N</b> ] [
<b>−S</b>[<b>~</b>]<i>"search string"</i> ]
[ <b>−V</b> ] [ <b>−:</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>] ] [
<b>−b</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>][<b>s</b>|<b>S</b>|<b>d</b>|<b>D</b>[<i>ncol</i>]|<b>c</b>[<i>var1</i><b>/</b><i>...</i>]]
] [ <b>−f</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>]<i>colinfo</i> ] [
<b>−g</b>[<b>a</b>]<b>x</b>|<b>y</b>|<b>d</b>|<b>X</b>|<b>Y</b>|<b>D</b>|[<i>col</i>]<b>z</b>[+|-]<i>gap</i>[<b>u</b>]
] [ <b>−m</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>][<i>flag</i>] ]</p>
<h2>DESCRIPTION
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
reads its standard input [or inputfiles] and writes out the
desired information to standard output. It can do a
combination of three things: (1) convert between binary and
ASCII data tables, (2) paste corresponding records from
multiple files into a single file, (3) extract a subset of
the columns, (4) only extract segments whose header matches
a text pattern search, (5) just list all multisegment
headers and no data records, and (6) extract first and last
data record for each segment. Input (and hence output) may
have multiple subheaders if <b>−m</b> is selected, and
ASCII tables may have regular headers as well. <i><br>
datafile(s)</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">ASCII (or binary, see
<b>−bi</b>) file(s) holding a number of data
columns.</p>
<h2>OPTIONS
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
</h2>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−A</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">The records from the input files
should be pasted horizontally, not appended vertically.
[Default processes one file at the time]. Note for binary
input, all the files you want to paste must have the same
number of columns (as set with <b>−bi</b>).</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−D</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>For multiple segment data, dump each segment to a
separate output file [Default writes a multiple segment file
to stdout]. Append a format template for the individual file
names; this template <b>must</b> contain a C format
specifier that can format an integer argument (the segment
number); this is usually %d but could be %8.8d which gives
leading zeros, etc. [Default is
gmtconvert_segment_%d.d].</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−E</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Only extract the first and last record for each segment
of interest [Default extracts all records]. Optionally,
append <b>f</b> or <b>l</b> to only extract the first or
last record of each segment, respectively.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−F</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Give a comma-separated list of desired columns or ranges
(0 is first column) [Default outputs all columns].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−H</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Input file(s) has header record(s). If used, the default
number of header records is <b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#N_HEADER_RECS">N_HEADER_RECS</A></b>. Use
<b>−Hi</b> if only input data should have header
records [Default will write out header records if the input
data have them]. Blank lines and lines starting with # are
always skipped.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−I</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Invert the order of rows, i.e., output the final records
in reverse order, starting with the last and ending up with
the first input row [Default goes forward].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−L</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Only output a listing of all multisegment header records
and no data records (requires <b>−m</b> and ASCII
data).</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−N</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Do not write records that only contain NaNs in every
field [Default writes all records].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−S</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Only output those segments whose header record contains
the specified text string. To reverse the search, i.e., to
output segments whose headers do <i>not</i> contain the
specified pattern, use <b>−S~</b>. Should your pattern
happen to start with ~ you need to escape this character
with a backslash [Default output all segments].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−V</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports
to stderr [Default runs "silently"].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−:</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and
(latitude,longitude) input and/or output. [Default is
(longitude,latitude)]. Append <b>i</b> to select input only
or <b>o</b> to select output only. [Default affects
both].</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−bi</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Selects binary input. Append <b>s</b> for single
precision [Default is <b>d</b> (double)]. Uppercase <b>S</b>
or <b>D</b> will force byte-swapping. Optionally, append
<i>ncol</i>, the number of columns in your binary input file
if it exceeds the columns needed by the program. Or append
<b>c</b> if the input file is netCDF. Optionally, append
<i>var1</i><b>/</b><i>var2</i><b>/</b><i>...</i> to specify
the variables to be read.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−bo</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Selects binary output. Append <b>s</b> for single
precision [Default is <b>d</b> (double)]. Uppercase <b>S</b>
or <b>D</b> will force byte-swapping. Optionally, append
<i>ncol</i>, the number of desired columns in your binary
output file. [Default is same as input].</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−f</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Special formatting of input and/or output columns (time
or geographical data). Specify <b>i</b> or <b>o</b> to make
this apply only to input or output [Default applies to
both]. Give one or more columns (or column ranges) separated
by commas. Append <b>T</b> (absolute calendar time),
<b>t</b> (relative time in chosen <b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#TIME_UNIT">TIME_UNIT</A></b> since
<b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#TIME_EPOCH">TIME_EPOCH</A></b>), <b>x</b> (longitude), <b>y</b>
(latitude), or <b>f</b> (floating point) to each column or
column range item. Shorthand
<b>−f</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>]<b>g</b> means
<b>−f</b>[<b>i</b>|<b>o</b>]0<b>x</b>,1<b>y</b>
(geographic coordinates).</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−g</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Examine the spacing between consecutive data points in
order to impose breaks in the line. Append <b>x</b>|<b>X</b>
or <b>y</b>|<b>Y</b> to define a gap when there is a large
enough change in the x or y coordinates, respectively, or
<b>d</b>|<b>D</b> for distance gaps; use upper case to
calculate gaps from projected coordinates. For gap-testing
on other columns use [<i>col</i>]<b>z</b>; if <i>col</i> is
not prepended the it defaults to 2 (i.e., 3rd column).
Append [+|-]<i>gap</i> and optionally a unit <b>u</b>.
Regarding optional signs: -ve means previous minus current
column value must exceed |<i>gap</i> to be a gap, +ve means
current minus previous column value must exceed <i>gap</i>,
and no sign means the absolute value of the difference must
exceed <i>gap</i>. For geographic data
(<b>x</b>|<b>y</b>|<b>d</b>), the unit <b>u</b> may be
m<b>e</b>ter [Default], <b>k</b>ilometer, <b>m</b>iles, or
<b>n</b>autical miles. For projected data
(<b>X</b>|<b>Y</b>|<b>D</b>), choose from <b>i</b>nch,
<b>c</b>entimeter, <b>m</b>eter, or <b>p</b>oints [Default
unit set by MEASURE_UNIT]. Note: For
<b>x</b>|<b>y</b>|<b>z</b> with time data the unit is
instead controlled by TIME_UNIT. Repeat the option to
specify multiple criteria, of which any can be met to
produce a line break. Issue an additional <b>−ga</b>
to indicate that all criteria must be met instead.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">
<p><b>−m</b></p></td>
<td width="7%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Multiple segment file(s). Segments are separated by a
special record. For ASCII files the first character must be
<i>flag</i> [Default is ’>’]. For binary
files all fields must be NaN and <b>−b</b> must set
the number of output columns explicitly. By default the
<b>−m</b> setting applies to both input and output.
Use <b>−mi</b> and <b>−mo</b> to give separate
settings to input and output.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<h2>ASCII FORMAT PRECISION
<a name="ASCII FORMAT PRECISION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The ASCII
output formats of numerical data are controlled by
parameters in your .gmtdefaults4 file. Longitude and
latitude are formatted according to
<b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#OUTPUT_DEGREE_FORMAT">OUTPUT_DEGREE_FORMAT</A></b>, whereas other values are
formatted according to <b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#D_FORMAT">D_FORMAT</A></b>. Be aware that the
format in effect can lead to loss of precision in the
output, which can lead to various problems downstream. If
you find the output is not written with enough precision,
consider switching to binary output (<b>−bo</b> if
available) or specify more decimals using the
<b><A HREF="gmtdefaults.html#D_FORMAT">D_FORMAT</A></b> setting.</p>
<h2>EXAMPLES
<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To convert the
binary file test.b (single precision) with 4 columns to
ASCII:</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
test.b <b>−bis</b> 4 > test.dat</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To convert the
multiple segment ASCII table test.d to a double precision
binary file:</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
test.d <b>−m −bo</b> > test.b</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You have an
ASCII table with 6 columns and you want to plot column 5
versus column 0. Try</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
table.d <b>−F</b> 5,0 | psxy ...</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the file
instead is the binary file results.b which has 9
single-precision values per record, we extract the last
column and columns 4-6 and write ASCII with the command</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
results.b <b>−F</b> 8,4-6 -bi9s | psxy ...</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You want to
plot the 2nd column of a 2-column file left.d versus the
first column of a file right.d:</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
left.d right.d <b>−A −F</b> 1,2 | psxy ...</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To extract all
segments in the file big_file.d whose headers contain the
string "RIDGE AXIS", try</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gmtconvert</b>
big_file.d <b>−m −S</b>"RIDGE AXIS"
> subset.d</p>
<h2>SEE ALSO
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></i>(1),
<i><A HREF="minmax.html">minmax</A></i>(1)</p>
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