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<H3 CLASS="subsection"><A NAME="htoc227">7.23</A>&#XA0;&#XA0;Program state</H3><UL>
<LI><A HREF="gprolog046.html#toc183"><TT>consult/1</TT>,
<TT>&#X2019;.&#X2019;/2</TT> - program consult</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="gprolog046.html#toc184"><TT>load/1</TT></A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="gprolog046.html#toc185"><TT>listing/1</TT>,
<TT>listing/0</TT></A>
</LI></UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubsection"><A NAME="toc183"></A><A NAME="htoc228">7.23.1</A>&#XA0;&#XA0;<TT>consult/1</TT>,
<TT>&#X2019;.&#X2019;/2</TT> - program consult</H4><P>
<A NAME="consult/1"></A>

</P><P><B>Templates</B></P><DL CLASS="list"><DT CLASS="dt-list">
</DT><DD CLASS="dd-list"><TT>
consult(+atom_or_atom_list)<BR>
&#X2019;.&#X2019;(+atom, +atom_list)</TT></DD></DL><P><B>Description</B></P><P><TT>consult(Files)</TT> compiles and loads into memory each file
of the list <TT>Files</TT>. Each file is compiled for byte-code using the
GNU Prolog compiler (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog008.html#The-GNU-Prolog-compiler">3.4</A>) then loaded using
<TT>load/1</TT> (section&#XA0;<A HREF="#load/1">7.23.2</A>). It is possible to specify <TT>user</TT> as a
file name to directly enter the program from the terminal. <TT>Files</TT> can
be also a single file name (i.e. an atom). Refer to the section concerning
the consult of a Prolog program for more information
(section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog006.html#Consulting-a-Prolog-program">3.2.3</A>).</P><P>The final file name of a file is computed using the predicates
<TT>prolog_file_name/2</TT> (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog049.html#prolog-file-name/2">7.26.3</A>) and
<TT>absolute_file_name/2</TT> (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog049.html#absolute-file-name/2">7.26.1</A>).</P><P><TT>[ File | Files ]</TT>, i.e. <TT>&#X2019;.&#X2019;(File, Files)</TT> is
equivalent to <TT>consult([ File | Files ])</TT>.</P><P><B>Errors</B></P><TABLE CELLSPACING=6 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Files</TT> is a partial list or a list with an element
<TT>E</TT> which is a variable</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Files</TT> is neither a partial list nor a list nor an atom</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(list, Files)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is neither a
variable nor an atom</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(atom, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is an atom but not
a valid pathname</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(os_path, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is a valid
pathname but does not correspond to an existing source</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(source_sink, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an error occurs executing a directive</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>see <TT>call/1</TT> errors (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog022.html#call/1">6.2.3</A>)</TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P><B>Portability</B></P><P>GNU Prolog predicates.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection"><A NAME="toc184"></A><A NAME="htoc229">7.23.2</A>&#XA0;&#XA0;<TT>load/1</TT></H4><P>
<A NAME="load/1"></A>
</P><P><B>Templates</B></P><DL CLASS="list"><DT CLASS="dt-list">
</DT><DD CLASS="dd-list"><TT>
load(+atom_or_atom_list)</TT></DD></DL><P><B>Description</B></P><P><TT>load(Files)</TT> loads into memory each file of the list
<TT>Files</TT>. Each file must have been previously compiled for byte-code
using the GNU Prolog compiler (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog008.html#The-GNU-Prolog-compiler">3.4</A>).
<TT>Files</TT> can be also a single file name (i.e. an atom).</P><P>The final file name of a file is computed using the predicates
<TT>absolute_file_name/2</TT> (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog049.html#absolute-file-name/2">7.26.1</A>). If no
suffix is given <TT>&#X2019;.wbc&#X2019;</TT> is appended to the file name.</P><P><B>Errors</B></P><TABLE CELLSPACING=6 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Files</TT> is a partial list or a list with an element
<TT>E</TT> which is a variable</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Files</TT> is neither a partial list nor a list nor an atom</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(list, Files)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is neither a
variable nor an atom</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(atom, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is an atom but not
a valid pathname</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(os_path, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an element <TT>E</TT> of the <TT>Files</TT> list is a valid
pathname but does not correspond to an existing source</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(source_sink, E)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
an error occurs executing a directive</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>see <TT>call/1</TT> errors (section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog022.html#call/1">6.2.3</A>)</TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P><B>Portability</B></P><P>GNU Prolog predicate.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection"><A NAME="toc185"></A><A NAME="htoc230">7.23.3</A>&#XA0;&#XA0;<TT>listing/1</TT>,
<TT>listing/0</TT></H4><P>
<A NAME="listing/1"></A>

</P><P><B>Templates</B></P><DL CLASS="list"><DT CLASS="dt-list">
</DT><DD CLASS="dd-list"><TT>
listing(+predicate_indicator)<BR>
listing(+atom)<BR>
listing</TT></DD></DL><P><B>Description</B></P><P><TT>listing(Pred)</TT> lists the clauses of the consulted predicate whose
predicate indicator is <TT>Pred</TT>. <TT>Pred</TT> can also be a single
atom in which case all predicates whose name is <TT>Pred</TT> are listed (of
any arity). This predicate uses <TT>portray_clause/2</TT>
(section&#XA0;<A HREF="gprolog037.html#portray-clause/2">7.14.8</A>) to output the clauses. </P><P><TT>listing</TT> lists all clauses of all consulted predicates.</P><P><B>Errors</B></P><TABLE CELLSPACING=6 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Pred</TT> is a variable</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left>
<TT>Pred</TT> is neither a variable nor predicate indicator or an
atom</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP>&#XA0;&#XA0;</TD><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(predicate_indicator, Pred)</TT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD CLASS="hbar" COLSPAN=3></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P><B>Portability</B></P><P>GNU Prolog predicate.</P>
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