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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><!-- The XHTML and PHP source for this page
Copyright (c) 2003 Jeffrey Elkner
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2  or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
and with no Back-Cover Texts. The full text of the license can be
found at: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html

This distribution includes a file named  fdl.txt that contains the
text of the GNU Free Documentation License.  If it is missing, you
can obtain it from www.gnu.org or by writing to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. -->
<!-- base href="http://gvr.sourceforge.net/lessons/rfrank/" -->

<title>GvR Lessons</title>

<link href="main.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"></head>


<body>
<h1><em>The Roger Frank Lessons</em><br>
Introduction to Computer Science: GvR Unit</h1>
<h2>Guido van Robot Programming Summary</h2>
<p>
<h3>The Five Primitive Guido van Robot Instructions:</h3>
<br>
<pre>
   1. move
   2. turnleft
   3. pickbeeper
   4. putbeeper
   5. turnoff
</pre>
<p>
<h3>Block Structuring</h3>
<br>
Each Guido van Robot instruction must be on a separate line.
A sequence of Guido van Robot instructions can be treated as a single
instruction by indenting the same number of spaces.
&lt;instruction&gt; refers to any of the five primitive instructions above,
the conditional branching or iteration instructions below,
or a user defined instruction.
<pre>
    &lt;instruction&gt;
    &lt;instruction&gt;
      ...
    &lt;instruction&gt;
</pre>
<p>
<h3>Conditionals</h3>
<br>
GvR has eighteen built-in tests that are divided into three groups:
the first six are wall tests,<br>
the next four are beeper tests,<br>
and the last eight are compass tests:<br>
<pre>
   1. front_is_clear
   2. front_is_blocked
   3. left_is_clear
   4. left_is_blocked
   5. right_is_clear
   6. right_is_blocked
   7. next_to_a_beeper
   8. not_next_to_a_beeper
   9. any_beepers_in_beeper_bag
  10. no_beepers_in_beeper_bag
  11. facing_north
  12. not_facing_north
  13. facing_south
  14. not_facing_south
  15. facing_east
  16. not_facing_east
  17. facing_west
  18. not_facing_west
</pre>
<h3>Conditional Branching</h3>
<br>
Conditional branching refers to the ability of a program to alter it's flow of
execution based on the result of the evaluation of a conditional.<br>
The three types of conditional branching instructions in Guido van Robot
are <b>if</b> and <b>if/else</b> and <b>if/elif/else</b>.
<b>&lt;test&gt;</b> refers to one of the eighteen conditionals above.
<br>
<pre>
if <test>:
    <instruction>

if <test>:
    <instruction>
else:
    <instruction>

if <test>:
    <instruction>
elif <test>:
    <instruction>
...
elif <test>:
    <instruction>
else:
    <instruction>
</pre>
<p>
<h3>Iteration</h3>
<br>
Iteration refers to the ability of a program to repeate an instruction
(or block of instructions) over and over until some condition is met.
The two types of iteration instructions are the do and while instructions.
&lt;positive_number&gt; must be an integer greater than 0.
<pre>
do <positive_number>:
    <instruction>

while <test>:
    <instruction>
</pre>
<p>
<h3>Defining a New Instruction:</h3>
<br>
New instructions can be created for Guido van Robot using the define statement.
&lt;new_name&gt; can be any sequence of letters or digits as long as it begins with
a letter and is not already used as an instruction.
Letters for Guido van Robot are A..Z, a..z, and the underscore (_) character.
Guido van Robot is case sensitive, so TurnRight, turnright, and turnRight are
all different names.
<pre>
define <new_name>:
    <instruction>
</pre>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<a href="18.html">Previous</a> | <a href="index.html">Index</a></p>
<p class="copyleft">
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html">
Copyright</a> © 2003 <a href="http://www.elkner.net/">Jeffrey Elkner</a>.
</p>
</body>
</html>

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