This file is indexed.

/usr/lib/python3.4/test/dh512.pem is in libpython3.4-testsuite 3.4.2-1.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

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-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
MEYCQQD1Kv884bEpQBgRjXyEpwpy1obEAxnIByl6ypUM2Zafq9AKUJsCRtMIPWak
XUGfnHy9iUsiGSa6q6Jew1XpKgVfAgEC
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----

These are the 512 bit DH parameters from "Assigned Number for SKIP Protocols"
(http://www.skip-vpn.org/spec/numbers.html).
See there for how they were generated.
Note that g is not a generator, but this is not a problem since p is a safe prime.