/usr/share/povray-3.7/include/ior.inc is in povray-includes 1:3.7.0.0-8.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
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// To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or send a
// letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
// Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer version 3.7 Include File
// File: ior.inc
// Last updated: 2010.12.12
// Description: This file contains constants for ior and dispersion of various materials.
#ifndef(Ior_Inc_Temp)
#declare Ior_Inc_Temp=version;
#version 3.7;
#ifdef(View_POV_Include_Stack)
#debug "including ior.inc\n"
#end
// Index Of Refraction and Dispersion of various materials
// =======================================================
// Original 2008-2009 by Christoph Lipka
// Notes on literature:
//
// * Refractive index is typically denoted with the symbol "n" (sometimes "N"), optionally followed by a subscript designating
// the specific conditions under which measurements were made. Common subscripts are:
// - Greek lower case letters omega and epsilon:
// These are related to birefringence (i.e. the property of a material to refract light at two different angles, splitting up
// the light according to polarization).
// Since PoV-ray currently doesn't support bireferingence at all, we can ignore this effect and use an average of the values.
// - Greek lower case letters alpha, beta and gamma:
// These are related to biaxial birefringence, aka trirefringence. Again, no PoV-ray support.
// Sometimes, Nx, Ny and Nz or simply alpha, beta and gamma are used for n[alpha], n[beta], n[gamma].
// - Latin uppercase (sometimes lowercase) letters:
// These are related to the wavelength of the light; the letter denotes the corresponding "Fraunhofer line", a series of
// distinct spectral lines in natural sunlight, with the following being most common:
// B 686.719nm extreme red molecular Oxygen (O2)
// C 656.281nm red Hydrogen (H)
// D 589.29 nm yellow Sodium (Na); center of D1 and D2 ("Sodium doublet")
// F 486.134nm blue Hydrogen (H)
// G 430.78 nm violet Iron (Fe, 430.790nm) or Calcium (Ca, 430.774 nm)
// h 410.175nm violet Hydrogen (H); Balmer series delta; alternatively center of delta and epsilon (404.7 nm)
// - If no further designation is used, the refractive index is usually measured for Fraunhofer line "D".
// The PoV-ray documentation does not specify which color (let alone wavelength) is considered "neutral" with respect to
// dispersion, so I suggest using nD, if only for simplicity.
//
// * Dispersion is typically characterized in one of the following ways:
// - A (typically undesignated) value in order of magnitude ~0.010:
// Such a value specifies the difference of the refractive indices for two given wavelengths. Usually, nG-nB is specified.
// Differences between other wavelengths will be denoted accordingly as e.g. "nF-nC".
// This is often seen with natural minerals.
// - The so-called "Abbe number":
// This value specifies the quotient (nD-1)/(nF-nC).
// This is often seen with industrial mass products, especially glass and common glass substitutes.
// - By refractive indices for individual wavelengths.
// This is often seen with industrial high-end products.
// PoV-ray characterizes dispersion as the quotient of refractive indices for "violet" and "red"; assuming that this roughly
// matches nG and nB respectively, the value to be used can quite easily be approximated from nG-nB and the overall index of
// refraction, as long as nG-nB is significantly small (which in practice it always is).
// Approximating the PoV-ray "dispersion" value from the Abbe number is not so straightforward though, as this is based on a
// different wavelength interval, and the index of refraction is not linear with respect to wavelength.
// Approximating the PoV-ray "dispersion" value from individual wavelengths is again an easy task of course, provided that the
// wavelengths of two of the known refractive indices qualify as "violet" and "red" respectively.
//
// Other notes:
//
// * Not all of the materials listed below are typically transparent. The refractive indices may nonetheless be of interest
// in subsurface scattering simulation, or to properly simulate a polished gem's reflection using the fresnel keyword,
// so I included them here as I happened to come across them.
// * Some materials have varying optical properties or exhibit birefringence, making it impossible to specify a single exact
// refractive index; in such cases, a typical average value was chosen.
// Formula to approximate PoV-ray's "dispersion" value
// ---------------------------------------------------
#declare FnPovDispersion = function(ri,disp) { 1+disp/(ri-disp/2) } // from refractive index ri (=nD) and nominal dispersion disp (=nG-nB)
// Common glass types by Schott designations
// -----------------------------------------
// Note: For these, the POV values are computed here according to the Fraunhofer lines h (404.7 nm), D and C
#macro Ior (data) (data.y) #end
#macro Disp(data) (FnPovDispersion(data.y, data.x-data.z)) #end
#local iorData=<1.58941, 1.57241, 1.56949>; #declare iorCrownGlassBaK1 = Ior(iorData); #declare dispCrownGlassBaK1 = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.53024, 1.51673, 1.51432>; #declare iorCrownGlassBK7 = Ior(iorData); #declare dispCrownGlassBK7 = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.65064, 1.61989, 1.61503>; #declare iorFlintGlassF2 = Ior(iorData); #declare dispFlintGlassF2 = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.89844, 1.85002, 1.84256>; #declare iorFlintGlassLaSFN9 = Ior(iorData); #declare dispFlintGlassLaSFN9 = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.84208, 1.78446, 1.77599>; #declare iorFlintGlassSF11 = Ior(iorData); #declare dispFlintGlassSF11 = Disp(iorData);
#declare iorCrownGlass = iorCrownGlassBK7; #declare dispCrownGlass = dispCrownGlassBK7; // most common crown glass
#declare iorFlintGlass = iorFlintGlassSF11; #declare dispFlintGlass = dispFlintGlassSF11; // a common flint glass
#declare iorWindowGlass = iorCrownGlassBK7; #declare dispWindowGlass = dispCrownGlassBK7;
#declare iorGlass = iorWindowGlass; #declare dispGlass = dispWindowGlass;
#undef Ior
#undef Disp
// Gemstones by alphabet (excluding variants and aliases)
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Note: For these, the POV values are computed here directly from the refractive index and dispersion values found in literature;
// Where refractive indices at selected wavelengths were found instead, these values were precomputed from the refractive indices at
// Fraunhofer lines G, D and B respectively.
#macro Ior (data) (data.x) #end
#macro Disp(data) (FnPovDispersion(data.x, data.y)) #end
#local iorData=<1.790, .024>; #declare iorAlmandineGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispAlmandineGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.64, .016>; #declare iorAndalusite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispAndalusite = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.888, .057>; #declare iorAndraditeGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispAndraditeGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.63, .013>; #declare iorApatite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispApatite = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.58, .014>; #declare iorBeryl = Ior(iorData); #declare dispBeryl = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.69, .019>; #declare iorChromeDiopside = Ior(iorData); #declare dispChromeDiopside = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.746, .015>; #declare iorChrysoberyl = Ior(iorData); #declare dispChrysoberyl = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<2.16, .060>; #declare iorCubicZirconia = Ior(iorData); #declare dispCubicZirconia = Disp(iorData); // [1] NOT Zircon!
#local iorData=<1.766, .018>; #declare iorCorundum = Ior(iorData); #declare dispCorundum = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.885, .057>; #declare iorDemantoidGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispDemantoidGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<2.417, .044>; #declare iorDiamond = Ior(iorData); #declare dispDiamond = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.434, .007>; #declare iorFluorite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispFluorite = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.740, .028>; #declare iorGrossulariteGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispGrossulariteGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.55, .017>; #declare iorIolite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispIolite = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.73, .020>; #declare iorKyanite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispKyanite = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.654, .020>; #declare iorPeridot = Ior(iorData); #declare dispPeridot = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.74, .022>; #declare iorPyropeGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispPyropeGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.544, .013>; #declare iorQuartz = Ior(iorData); #declare dispQuartz = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.76, .026>; #declare iorRhodoliteGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispRhodoliteGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.81, .027>; #declare iorSpessartiteGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispSpessartiteGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.70, .051>; #declare iorSphene = Ior(iorData); #declare dispSphene = Disp(iorData); // [2]
#local iorData=<1.712, .020>; #declare iorSpinel = Ior(iorData); #declare dispSpinel = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.620, .014>; #declare iorTopaz = Ior(iorData); #declare dispTopaz = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.624, .017>; #declare iorTourmaline = Ior(iorData); #declare dispTourmaline = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.740, .028>; #declare iorTsavoriteGarnet = Ior(iorData); #declare dispTsavoriteGarnet = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.67, .017>; #declare iorSpodumene = Ior(iorData); #declare dispSpodumene = Disp(iorData);
#local iorData=<1.95, .039>; #declare iorZircon = Ior(iorData); #declare dispZircon = Disp(iorData); // [3] NOT [Cubic] Zirconia!
#local iorData=<1.70, .030>; #declare iorZoisite = Ior(iorData); #declare dispZoisite = Disp(iorData);
#undef Ior
#undef Disp
// Values from other sources:
// [1] ior = 1.80 .. 2.23 (lower bound dubious, maybe mixup with Zircon)
// [2] ior = 1.88 .. 2.05
// [3] ior = 1.88
// Variants by alphabet
// --------------------
#declare iorAgate = iorQuartz; #declare dispAgate = dispQuartz;
#declare iorAlexandrite = iorChrysoberyl; #declare dispAlexandrite = dispChrysoberyl;
#declare iorAmethyst = iorQuartz; #declare dispAmethyst = dispQuartz;
#declare iorAmetrine = iorQuartz; #declare dispAmetrine = dispQuartz;
#declare iorAquamarine = iorBeryl; #declare dispAquamarine = dispBeryl;
#declare iorAventurine = iorQuartz; #declare dispAventurine = dispQuartz;
#declare iorChalcedony = iorQuartz; #declare dispChalcedony = dispQuartz;
#declare iorCitrine = iorQuartz; #declare dispCitrine = dispQuartz;
#declare iorEmerald = iorBeryl; #declare dispEmerald = dispBeryl;
#declare iorHiddenite = iorSpodumene; #declare dispHiddenite = dispSpodumene;
#declare iorKunzite = iorSpodumene; #declare dispKunzite = dispSpodumene;
#declare iorMorganite = iorBeryl; #declare dispMorganite = dispBeryl;
#declare iorOnyx = iorQuartz; #declare dispOnyx = dispQuartz;
#declare iorPadparadscha = iorCorundum; #declare dispPadparadscha = dispCorundum;
#declare iorRoseQuartz = iorQuartz; #declare dispRoseQuartz = dispQuartz;
#declare iorRuby = iorCorundum; #declare dispRuby = dispCorundum;
#declare iorSapphire = iorCorundum; #declare dispSapphire = dispCorundum;
#declare iorSmokyQuartz = iorQuartz; #declare dispSmokyQuartz = dispQuartz;
#declare iorTanzanite = iorZoisite; #declare dispTanzanite = dispZoisite;
#declare iorTigersEye = iorQuartz; #declare dispTigersEye = dispQuartz;
// Aliases by alphabet
// -------------------
#declare iorCyanite = iorKyanite; #declare dispCyanite = dispKyanite;
#declare iorCZ = iorCubicZirconia; #declare dispCZ = dispCubicZirconia;
#declare iorDisthene = iorKyanite; #declare dispDisthene = dispKyanite;
#declare iorGarnetAlmandine = iorAlmandineGarnet; #declare dispGarnetAlmandine = dispAlmandineGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetAndradite = iorAndraditeGarnet; #declare dispGarnetAndradite = dispAndraditeGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetDemantoid = iorDemantoidGarnet; #declare dispGarnetDemantoid = dispDemantoidGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetGrossularite = iorGrossulariteGarnet; #declare dispGarnetGrossularite = dispGrossulariteGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetPyrope = iorPyropeGarnet; #declare dispGarnetPyrope = dispPyropeGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetRhodolite = iorRhodoliteGarnet; #declare dispGarnetRhodolite = dispRhodoliteGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetSpessartite = iorSpessartiteGarnet; #declare dispGarnetSpessartite = dispSpessartiteGarnet;
#declare iorGarnetTsavorite = iorTsavoriteGarnet; #declare dispGarnetTsavorite = dispTsavoriteGarnet;
#declare iorMunkrudite = iorKyanite; #declare dispMunkrudite = dispKyanite;
#declare iorZirconia = iorCubicZirconia; #declare dispZirconia = dispCubicZirconia; // NOT Zircon!
// Odds and ends
// -------------
// Note: For these, I found information on refractive indices but none about dispersion
#declare iorAdulariaMoonstone = 1.52;
#declare iorAmazonite = 1.53;
#declare iorAmber = 1.54;
#declare iorAndesine = 1.53;
#declare iorCoral = 1.486;
#declare iorIvory = 1.540;
#declare iorJadeite = 1.67; // "hard jade"
#declare iorJasper = 1.54;
#declare iorLabradorite = 1.56;
#declare iorLapisLazuli = 1.5; // lazurite compound; other sources: nD = 1.610
#declare iorMalachite = 1.655;
#declare iorMoissanite = 2.670; // (Silicon Carbide)
#declare iorNephriteJade = 1.62; // "soft jade"
#declare iorOpal = 1.45;
#declare iorOrthoclase = 1.52;
#declare iorPearl = 1.53;
#declare iorPrehnite = 1.64;
#declare iorTurquoise = 1.610;
#declare iorJadeNephrite = iorNephriteJade;
#declare iorFireOpal = iorOpal;
#declare iorMoonstoneAdularia = iorAdulariaMoonstone;
#declare iorMossOpal = iorOpal;
// end of ior.inc
#version Ior_Inc_Temp;
#end
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