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align="right">15.2.2&nbsp;</td><td><a href="#%28part._.Sharing_.Data_and_.Code_.Across_.Namespaces%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Sharing Data and Code Across Namespaces</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="tocsub"><div class="tocsubtitle">On this page:</div><table class="tocsublist" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">15.2.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Creating_and_.Installing_.Namespaces%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Creating and Installing Namespaces</a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">15.2.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Sharing_.Data_and_.Code_.Across_.Namespaces%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Sharing Data and Code Across Namespaces</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a 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&rarr;</a></span>&nbsp;</div><h4 x-source-module="(lib &quot;scribblings/guide/guide.scrbl&quot;)" x-part-tag="&quot;mk-namespace&quot;">15.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._mk-namespace)"></a>Manipulating Namespaces</h4><p>A <a href="eval.html#%28tech._namespace%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">namespace</span></a> encapsulates two pieces of information:</p><ul><li><p>A mapping from identifiers to bindings. For example, a
namespace might map the identifier <span class="RktSym">lambda</span> to the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=lambda.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lambda%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lambda</a></span> form. An &ldquo;empty&rdquo; namespace is one that maps
every identifier to an uninitialized top-level variable.</p></li><li><p>A mapping from module names to module declarations and
instances.</p></li></ul><p>The first mapping is used for evaluating expressions in a top-level
context, as in <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">lambda</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">x</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">+</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">x</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. The second
mapping is used, for example, by <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Module_Names_and_Loading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._dynamic-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">dynamic-require</a></span> to locate a
module. The call <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">require</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">racket/base</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> normally uses
both pieces: the identifier mapping determines the binding of
<span class="RktSym">require</span>; if it turns out to mean <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span>, then
the module mapping is used to locate the <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a>
module.</p><p>From the perspective of the core Racket run-time system, all
evaluation is reflective. Execution starts with an initial namespace
that contains a few primitive modules, and that is further populated
by loading files and modules as specified on the command line or as
supplied in the <a href="intro.html#%28tech._repl%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">REPL</span></a>. Top-level <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span> and
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span> forms adjusts the identifier mapping, and module
declarations (typically loaded on demand for a <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span> form)
adjust the module mapping.</p><h5 x-source-module="(lib &quot;scribblings/guide/guide.scrbl&quot;)" x-part-tag="&quot;Creating_and_Installing_Namespaces&quot;">15.2.1<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Creating_and_.Installing_.Namespaces)"></a>Creating and Installing Namespaces</h5><p>The function <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-empty-namespace</a></span> creates a new, empty
<a href="eval.html#%28tech._namespace%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">namespace</span></a>. Since the namespace is truly empty, it cannot at
first be used to evaluate any top-level expression&#8212;<wbr></wbr>not even
<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">racket</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. In particular,</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-empty-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>fails, because the namespace does not include the primitive modules on
which <span class="RktSym">racket</span> is built.</p><p>To make a namespace useful, some modules must be <a name="(tech._attached)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">attached</span>
from an existing namespace. Attaching a module adjusts the mapping of
module names to instances by transitively copying entries (the module
and all its imports) from an existing namespace&rsquo;s mapping. Normally,
instead of just attaching the primitive modules&#8212;<wbr></wbr>whose names and
organization are subject to change&#8212;<wbr></wbr>a higher-level module is
attached, such as <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket</span></a> or
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a>.</p><p>The <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span> function provides a namespace
that is empty, except that <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a> is
attached. The resulting namespace is still &ldquo;empty&rdquo; in the sense that
the identifiers-to-bindings part of the namespace has no mappings;
only the module mapping has been populated. Nevertheless, with an
initial module mapping, further modules can be loaded.</p><p>A namespace created with <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span> is
suitable for many basic dynamic tasks. For example, suppose that a
<span class="RktMod">my-dsl</span> library implements a domain-specific language
in which you want to execute commands from a user-specified file. A
namespace created with <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span> is enough to
get started:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">run-dsl</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._file%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">file</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">my-dsl</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._load%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">load</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._file%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">file</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Note that the <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span> of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span> does
not affect the meaning of identifiers like <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span>
within the <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span> body. Those identifiers obtain their
meaning from the enclosing context (probably a module). Only
expressions that are dynamic with respect to this code, such as the
content of <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._load%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">load</a></span>ed files, are affected by the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span>.</p><p>Another subtle point in the above example is the use of
<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">my-dsl</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> instead of <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">require</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">my-dsl</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. The latter would not work, because <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span>
needs to obtain a meaning for <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span> in the namespace, and
the namespace&rsquo;s identifier mapping is initially empty. The
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span> function, in contrast, directly imports the
given module into the current namespace.  Starting with
<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket/base</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> would introduce a binding
for <span class="RktSym">require</span> and make a subsequent <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">require</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">my-dsl</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> work. The above is better, not only because it is
more compact, but also because it avoids introducing bindings that are
not part of the domain-specific languages.</p><h5 x-source-module="(lib &quot;scribblings/guide/guide.scrbl&quot;)" x-part-tag="&quot;Sharing_Data_and_Code_Across_Namespaces&quot;">15.2.2<tt>&nbsp;</tt><a name="(part._.Sharing_.Data_and_.Code_.Across_.Namespaces)"></a>Sharing Data and Code Across Namespaces</h5><p>Modules not attached to a new namespace will be loaded and
instantiated afresh if they are demanded by evaluation. For example,
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a> does not include
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=mzlib_class.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span></a>, and loading <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=mzlib_class.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span></a>
again will create a distinct class datatype:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">class?</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">object%</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">class?</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktCmt">;</span><span class="RktCmt">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktCmt">loads again</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">object%</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>For cases when dynamically loaded code needs to share more code and
data with its context, use the <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-attach-module%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-attach-module</a></span>
function. The first argument to <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-attach-module%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-attach-module</a></span> is a
source namespace from which to draw a module instance; in some cases,
the current namespace is known to include the module that needs to be
shared:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">&gt; </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">class?</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=let.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fletstx-scheme..rkt%2529._let%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-attach-module%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-attach-module</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket/class</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktCmt">;</span><span class="RktCmt">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktCmt">uses attached</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">object%</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Within a module, however, the combination of
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define-namespace-anchor%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-namespace-anchor</a></span> and
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._namespace-anchor-%7E3eempty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-anchor-&gt;empty-namespace</a></span> offers a more reliable
method for obtaining a source namespace:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><a href="Module_Syntax.html#%28part._hash-lang%29" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktMod">#lang</span></a><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=index.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define-namespace-anchor%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-namespace-anchor</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">load-plug-in</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._file%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">file</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=let.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fletstx-scheme..rkt%2529._let%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._make-base-empty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-base-empty-namespace</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-attach-module%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-attach-module</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._namespace-anchor-%7E3eempty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-anchor-&gt;empty-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">a</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">racket/class</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=parameters.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fmore-scheme..rkt%2529._parameterize%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">parameterize</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._current-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">current-namespace</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym">ns</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Module_Names_and_Loading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._dynamic-require%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">dynamic-require</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._file%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">file</a></span><span class="hspace">&nbsp;</span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">plug-in%</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>The anchor bound by <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-attach-module%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-attach-module</a></span> connects the
run time of a module with the namespace in which a module is loaded
(which might differ from the current namespace).  In the above
example, since the enclosing module requires
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=mzlib_class.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span></a>, the namespace produced by
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._namespace-anchor-%7E3eempty-namespace%2529%2529&amp;version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-anchor-&gt;empty-namespace</a></span> certainly contains an
instance of <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&amp;rel=mzlib_class.html&amp;version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span></a>. Moreover, that instance is
the same as the one imported into the module, so the class datatype is
shared.</p><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, &quot;6.1&quot;, &quot;../&quot;);" onfocus="this.style.color=&quot;black&quot;; this.style.textAlign=&quot;left&quot;; if (this.value == &quot;...search manuals...&quot;) this.value=&quot;&quot;;" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color=&quot;#888&quot;; this.style.textAlign=&quot;center&quot;; this.value=&quot;...search manuals...&quot;; }"/></form>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot(&quot;6.1&quot;);">top</a></span><span class="navright">&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="eval.html" title="backward to &quot;15.1 eval&quot;" data-pltdoc="x">&larr; prev</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="reflection.html" title="up to &quot;15 Reflection and Dynamic Evaluation&quot;" data-pltdoc="x">up</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="load.html" title="forward to &quot;15.3 Scripting Evaluation and Using load&quot;" data-pltdoc="x">next &rarr;</a></span>&nbsp;</div></div></div><div id="contextindicator">&nbsp;</div></body></html>