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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>3 R5RS Module Language</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">▼</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R5RS:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Legacy Scheme</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: block;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="running.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Running R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Programs</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="plt-r5rs.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">plt-<wbr></wbr>r5rs</span></a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Module Language</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="r5rs_init-mod.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Initialization Library</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="tocviewlist"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_1");">►</a></td><td>3 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Module Language</a></td></tr></table><div class="tocviewsublistbottom" style="display: none;" id="tocview_1"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">3.1 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Non-.R5.R.S_.Bindings_from_r5rs%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Non-R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Bindings from <span class="RktModLink"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3.2 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Notes_on_.R5.R.S_.Functions%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Notes on R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Functions</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="tocsub"><div class="tocsubtitle">On this page:</div><table class="tocsublist" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.1<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Non-.R5.R.S_.Bindings_from_r5rs%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Non-R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Bindings from <span class="RktModLink"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">3.2<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Notes_on_.R5.R.S_.Functions%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Notes on R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Functions</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.1", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.1");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="plt-r5rs.html" title="backward to "2 plt-r5rs"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="index.html" title="up to "R5RS: Legacy Scheme"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="r5rs_init-mod.html" title="forward to "4 R5RS Initialization Library"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div><h3 x-source-module="(lib "r5rs/r5rs.scrbl")" x-part-tag=""r5rs-mod"">3<tt> </tt><a name="(part._r5rs-mod)"></a><a name="(mod-path._r5rs)"></a>R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Module Language</h3><p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="defmodule"><tr><td align="left"><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=Module_Syntax.html%23%2528part._hash-lang%2529&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktMod">#lang</span></a><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a></td><td align="right"><span class="RpackageSpec"><span class="Smaller"> package:</span> <span class="stt">r5rs-lib</span></span></td></tr></table></p><p>As a library, <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> provides the syntactic forms and
procedures defined by R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS. When used as a language via
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=Module_Syntax.html%23%2528part._hash-lang%2529&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktMod">#lang</span></a>, the program is read with the following
parameterizations:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Reading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._read-case-sensitive%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">read-case-sensitive</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Reading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._read-accept-infix-dot%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">read-accept-infix-dot</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Reading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._read-curly-brace-as-paren%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">read-curly-brace-as-paren</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Reading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._read-square-bracket-as-paren%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">read-square-bracket-as-paren</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>The <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> bindings can be imported into a top-level
environment, and then evaluation in that top-level environment
corresponds to R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS. Use <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%252Fcopy%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require/copy</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">r5rs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>
with an empty namespace to maximize conformance with R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS; Using
<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">r5rs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>, in contrast, creates primitive
bindings as imports, which is the same as using
<a href="plt-r5rs.html" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">plt-r5rs</span></a> without the <span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">--no-prim</span></span> flag.
More simply, use <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_602" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">scheme-report-environment</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">5</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. See also
<a href="r5rs_init-mod.html" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs/init</span></a>, which sets reader and printer parameters to
increase conformance.</p><p>Using <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> via <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=Module_Syntax.html%23%2528part._hash-lang%2529&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktMod">#lang</span></a> creates a module whose
body is implemented with an R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS-like language. The main difference
from R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS is that, as a module language, <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> does
not allow redefinition of top-level bindings, and expressions
evaluated through <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_668" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">load</a></span> and <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_600" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span> cannot automatically
access bindings defined within the module.</p><p class="SHistory">Changed in version 6.0.1.4 of package <span class="stt">r5rs-lib</span>: When an identifier bound by
<span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-7.html#%25_idx_134" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">letrec</a></span> is referenced
before it is initialized, an
exception is raised, instead of
producing <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=void_undefined.html&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="nobreak"><span class="RktRes">#<undefined></span></span></a>.</p><h4 x-source-module="(lib "r5rs/r5rs.scrbl")" x-part-tag=""Non-R5RS_Bindings_from_r5rs"">3.1<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Non-.R5.R.S_.Bindings_from_r5rs)"></a>Non-R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Bindings from <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a></h4><p>In addition to the bindings defined by R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS, the
<a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> library provides the following bindings from
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a> (which are not legal identifiers in R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS
syntax, so there is no danger of collisions in R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS programs):</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><p><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=application.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._%7E23%7E25app%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%app</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=quote.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25datum%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%datum</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=__top.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25top%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%top</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=__top-interaction.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._%7E23%7E25top-interaction%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%top-interaction</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25require%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%require</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25provide%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%provide</a></span></p></blockquote><p>It also provides <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket</span></a>’s
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=mzscheme&rel=Old_Syntactic_Forms.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._mzscheme%252Fmain..rkt%2529._%7E23%7E25plain-module-begin%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%plain-module-begin</a></span> as <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=module.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._%7E23%7E25plain-module-begin%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%module-begin</a></span>. Note that
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25require%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%require</a></span> can be used to import Racket libraries into an
otherwise R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS program, and <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25provide%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%provide</a></span> can be used to
export from a module that is implemented in an R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS-like language.</p><h4 x-source-module="(lib "r5rs/r5rs.scrbl")" x-part-tag=""Notes_on_R5RS_Functions"">3.2<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Notes_on_.R5.R.S_.Functions)"></a>Notes on R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS Functions</h4><p>The <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_408" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">cons</a></span> of <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a> corresponds to
<a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a>’s <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=mpairs.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._mcons%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">mcons</a></span>. Similarly, <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_414" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">cdr</a></span>
is <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=mpairs.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._mcdr%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">mcdr</a></span>, and <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_580" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">map</a></span> is <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=compatibility&rel=mlists.html&version=6.1" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">compatibility/mlist</span></a>’s
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=compatibility&rel=mlists.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._compatibility%252Fmlist..rkt%2529._mmap%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">mmap</a></span>, and so on.</p><p>An R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">5</span>RS <span style="font-style: italic">environment</span> is implemented as a
<span class="RktSym">racket/base</span> <span style="font-style: italic">namespace</span>. Also, relative to
<span class="RktSym">racket/base</span>, the <span class="RktSym">expr</span> passed to <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_600" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span> is
constructed using mutable pairs.</p><p>The <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_602" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">scheme-report-environment</a></span> function returns a namespace
containing the bindings of <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a>. Procedure values are
installed into the namespace using <span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%252Fcopy%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require/copy</a></span>, so
that they can be redefined.</p><p>The <span class="RktSym"><a href="r5rs-std/r5rs-Z-H-9.html#%25_idx_604" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">null-environment</a></span> function returns a namespace
containing the syntactic forms of <a href="" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">r5rs</span></a>, not including
<span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=module.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._%7E23%7E25plain-module-begin%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%module-begin</a></span> (which is not useful outside of a module).</p><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.1", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.1");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="plt-r5rs.html" title="backward to "2 plt-r5rs"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="index.html" title="up to "R5RS: Legacy Scheme"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="r5rs_init-mod.html" title="forward to "4 R5RS Initialization Library"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div></div></div><div id="contextindicator"> </div></body></html>
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