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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>5 Libraries and Collections</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">▼</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R6RS:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Scheme</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublistonly" style="display: block;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="Using_R6RS_with_DrRacket.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Using R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS with Dr<span class="mywbr"> </span>Racket</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="Running_Top-Level_Programs.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Running Top-<wbr></wbr>Level Programs</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="Installing_Libraries.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Installing Libraries</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="r6rs-mod.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS Module Language</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Libraries and Collections</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="Language_Interoperability.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Language Interoperability</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="conformance.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS Conformance</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="R6RS_Libraries.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS Libraries</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right"></td><td><a href="doc-index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Index</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.1", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.1");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="r6rs-mod.html" title="backward to "4 R6RS Module Language"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="index.html" title="up to "R6RS: Scheme"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="Language_Interoperability.html" title="forward to "6 Language Interoperability"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div><h3 x-source-module="(lib "r6rs/scribblings/r6rs.scrbl")" x-part-tag=""libpaths"">5<tt> </tt><a name="(part._libpaths)"></a>Libraries and Collections</h3><p>An R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS library name is sequence of symbols, optionally followed by
a version as a sequence of exact, non-negative integers. Roughly, such
a name is converted to a Racket module pathname (see <a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=module-paths.html&version=6.1" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">Module Paths</a>) by concatenating the symbols with a
<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">/</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> separator, and then appending the version integers each
with a preceding <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">-</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>. As a special case, when an R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS path
contains a single symbol (optionally followed by a version), a
<span class="RktSym">main</span> symbol is effectively inserted after the initial
symbol. See below for further encoding considerations.</p><p>When an R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS library or top-level program refers to another
library, it can supply version constraints rather than naming a
specific version. Version constraints are always resolved at compile
time by searching the set of installed files.</p><p>In addition, when an R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS library path is converted, a file
extension is selected at compile time based on installed files. The
search order for file extensions is <span class="stt">".mzscheme.ss"</span>,
<span class="stt">".mzscheme.sls"</span>, <span class="stt">".ss"</span>, <span class="stt">".sls"</span>, and
<span class="stt">".rkt"</span>. When resolving version constraints, these extensions
are all tried when looking for matches.</p><p>To ensure that all R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS library names can be converted to a unique
and distinct library module path, the following conversions are
applied to each symbol before concatenating them:</p><ul><li><p>The symbol is encoded using UTF-8, and the resulting bytes are
treated as Latin-1 encoded characters. ASCII letters, digits,
<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">+</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">-</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, and <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">_</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> are left as-is; other
characters are replaced by <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">%</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> followed by two lowercase
hexadecimal digits. Note that UTF-8 encodes ASCII letters, digits,
etc<span class="Sendabbrev">.</span> as themselves, so typical library names correspond to readable
module paths.</p></li><li><p>If the R<span style="vertical-align: super; font-size: 80%">6</span>RS library reference has two symbol elements and
the second one is <span class="RktSym">main</span> followed by any number of
underscores, then an extra underscore is added to that symbol. This
conversion avoids a collision between an explicit <span class="RktSym">main</span>
and the implicit <span class="RktSym">main</span> when a library path has a single
symbol element.</p></li></ul><p>Examples (assuming a typical Racket installation):</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">rnrs</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">io</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">simple</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">6</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"rnrs/io/simple-6.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">rnrs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"rnrs/main-6.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">rnrs</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">main</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"rnrs/main_.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">rnrs</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">6</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"rnrs/main-6.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">racket</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">base</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"racket/base.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">achtung!</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"achtung%21/main.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">funco</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">new-λ</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>means<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="http://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.1/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._lib%2529%2529&version=6.1" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">lib</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"funco/new-%ce%bb.rkt"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.1", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.1");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="r6rs-mod.html" title="backward to "4 R6RS Module Language"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="index.html" title="up to "R6RS: Scheme"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="Language_Interoperability.html" title="forward to "6 Language Interoperability"" 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