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<html><head>
<title>FBB::EncryptBuf</title>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl">
</head>
<body text="#27408B" bgcolor="#FFFAF0">
<hr>
<h1>FBB::EncryptBuf</h1>
<h2>libbobcat-dev_3.23.01-x.tar.gz</h2>
<h2>2005-2014</h2>

<html><head>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl">
</head>
<body text="#27408B" bgcolor="#FFFAF0">
<hr>
<h1></h1>

<html><head>
<title>FBB::EncryptBuf(3bobcat)</title>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:Frank B. Brokken: f.b.brokken@rug.nl">
</head>
<body text="#27408B" bgcolor="#FFFAF0">
<hr>
<h1>FBB::EncryptBuf(3bobcat)</h1>
<h2>libbobcat-dev_3.23.01-x.tar.gz Encrypt information</h2>
<h2>2005-2014</h2>


<p>
<h2>NAME</h2>FBB::EncryptBuf - Encrypts information using various methods into a std::ostream 
<p>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
    <strong>#include &lt;bobcat/encryptbuf&gt;</strong><br>
    Linking option: <em> -lbobcat</em> 
<p>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
    <strong>FBB::EncryptBuf</strong> objects are <strong>std::streambuf</strong> objects that can be used
to initialize <em>std::ostream</em> objects with.
<p>
All information inserted into such a <em>std::ostream</em> is encrypted and
written into a <em>std::ostream</em> that is given as argument to <em>EncryptBuf</em>'s
constructor.
<p>
All encryption methods defined by the OpenSSL library that can be
selected by name may be used in combination with <em>EncryptBuf</em> objects. To
select a particular encryption method an identifier is passed to the
constructor. E.g., <em>"aes-128-cbc"</em> indicating the AES (Rijndael) method,
using 128 bit sized keys and blocks using `cbc' mode (see below for an
explanation). 
<p>
When providing shorter keys than expected by the method the provided key
is extended by adding the required number of 0-bytes. (zero valued bytes,
not <em>'0'</em> characters). 
<p>
Most modes use an <em>initialization vector</em>. Unless provided at construction
time or explicitly set thereafter an initialization vector containg randomly
selected values will be used. The initialization vector that is actually used
can be obtained from the <em>EncryptBuf</em> object. This is important, as the
matching decrypting object needs to know the initialization vector that was
used when encrypting the data. Initialization vectors are not security
sensitive in the sense that they can be sent in the clear to the
decryption object. What <em>is</em> important, though, is that they contain random
data when used `for real'. When an initialization vector is specified that is
shorter than expected by the method it will be extended with the required
number of 0-bytes.
<p>
    Block ciphers use one of the following four encryption modes:
    <ul>
    <li> <strong>CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)</strong>:<br> 
        The first block is XOR-ed by the initialization vector and then
encrypted using the specified method. Subsequent blocks are XOR-ed by the
encrypted version of the preceding block. Due to the initialization vector
dictionary attacks are infeasible, as long as the initialization vector is
truly random.
    <li> <strong>ECB (Electronic Code Book)</strong>:<br> 
        Each block is encrypted by itself, using the specified encryption
method. Although an <em>initialization vector</em> may be specified, it is not
used. This method is susceptible to dictionary attacks and should therefore be
avoided, unless you know what you're doing.
    <li> <strong>CFB (Cipher Feednack)</strong>:<br>
        This method allows a block cipher to be used as a stream cipher. It
uses an initialization vector, which should be unique and random for each new
stream of data that is encrypted using the method. Encryption can only start
after the first data block has been received.
    <li> <strong>OFB (Output Feednack)</strong>:<br>
        This is an alternative way to use a block cipher as a stream
cipher. It is somewhat more susceptible to traditional data manipulation
attacks, which can usually be thwarted when a message authentication code is
added to the information as well. Like CFB it uses an initialization vector,
which should again be unique and random for each new stream of data that is
encrypted.
    </ul>
<p>

The following table presents an overview of methods that are currently
available. Methods for which the block size is specified as N.A. are stream
ciphers; other methods are block ciphers: 
    <table>

    <td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> method</td><td> keysize</td><td> blocksize</td><td> mode</td><td> identifier</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td> (bytes)</td><td> (bytes)</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> AES</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "aes-128-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "aes-128-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "aes-128-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "aes-128-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td> 24</td><td> 24</td><td> CBC</td><td> "aes-192-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "aes-192-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "aes-192-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "aes-192-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td> 32</td><td> 32</td><td> CBC</td><td> "aes-256-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "aes-256-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "aes-256-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "aes-256-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> BLOWFISH</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "bf-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "bf-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "bf-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "bf-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> max key length is 56 bytes, 16 generally used</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> CAMELLIA</td><td> 16</td><td> 16</td><td> CBC</td><td> "camellia-128-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "camellia-128-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "camellia-128-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "camellia-128-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td> 24</td><td> </td><td> CBC</td><td> "camellia-192-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "camellia-192-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "camellia-192-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "camellia-192-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td> 32</td><td> </td><td> CBC</td><td> "camellia-256-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "camellia-256-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "camellia-256-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "camellia-256-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> CAST</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "cast-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "cast-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "cast-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "cast-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>

            <td> min key length is 5 bytes, max is shown</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> DES</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "des-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "des-ebc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "des-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "des-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> DESX</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "desx-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> 3DES</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "des-ede-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "des-ede"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "des-ede-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "des-ede-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> 3DES</td><td> 24</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "des-ede3-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "des-ede3"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "des-ede3-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "des-ede3-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>

        <td> Key bytes 9-16 define the 2nd key, bytes 17-24</td> 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> define the 3rd key</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC2</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "rc2-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "rc2-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "rc2-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "rc2-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> Key length variable, max. 128 bytes, default length is shown</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC2-40</td><td> 5</td><td> 8</td><td> </td><td> "rc2-40-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> obsolete: avoid</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC2-64</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> </td><td> "rc2-64-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> obsolete: avoid</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC4</td><td> 16</td><td> N.A.</td><td> </td><td> "rc4"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> Key length is variable, max. 256 bytes. default length is shown</td> 
</tr>

    
<tr>

        <td> Encrypt again to decrypt. Don't use <em>DecryptBuf</em></td> 
</tr>
 
<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC4-40</td><td> 5</td><td> N.A.</td><td> </td><td> "rc4-40"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> obsolete: avoid</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
<tr>
<td> RC5</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> CBC</td><td> "rc5-cbc"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> EBC</td><td> "rc5-ecb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> CFB</td><td> "rc5-cfb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>
<td> </td><td>   </td><td>   </td><td> OFB</td><td> "rc5-ofb"</td>
 
</tr>

    
<tr>

        <td> Key length variable, max. 256 bytes, rounds 8, 12 or 16,</td> 
</tr>

    
<tr>

        <td> default # rounds is 12</td> 
</tr>

<td colspan=5><hr></td>

    
</table>
<p>
The RC4 stream cipher is subject to a well-known attack
(cf. <a href="http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~itsik/RC4/Papers/Mantin1.zip">http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~itsik/RC4/Papers/Mantin1.zip</a>)
unless the initial 256 bytes produced by the cipher are discarded. 
<p>
<h2>NAMESPACE</h2>
    <strong>FBB</strong><br>
    All constructors, members, operators and manipulators, mentioned in this
man-page, are defined in the namespace <strong>FBB</strong>.
<p>
<h2>INHERITS FROM</h2>
    <strong>std::streambuf</strong>
<p>
<h2>CONSTRUCTOR</h2>
    <ul>
    <li> <strong>EncryptBuf(std::ostream &amp;outStream, char const *type, 
                            std::string const &amp;key, std::string const &amp;iv,
                            size_t bufsize = 1024)</strong>:<br>
        This constructor initializes the <em>EncryptBuf</em> object preparing it
for the message encrypt algorithm specified with <em>type</em>. The encryption
algorithms that can be used are listed in the table found in the
<strong>DESCRIPTION</strong> section. E.g., to use the AES method on 24 bit keys and
blocks in CBC mode specify <em>"aes-192-cbc"</em>. The <em>key</em> parameter refers to
the key to be used, the <em>iv</em> parameter refers to the initialization vector
to use. Both <em>key</em> and <em>iv</em> may contain non-displayable characters. When
<em>iv.length()</em> is zero at the time encryption starts it will be filled by the
<em>EncryptBuf</em> object with random data. When the key and/or the iv is too
small for the requested method they will be expanded by adding the required
number of zero valued bytes.
<p>
The constructor throws an <em>FBB::Exception</em> exception if an unknown
encryption method was specified.
<p>
The constructor's first parameter refers to the <em>std::ostream</em> to
receive the encrypted information. Be aware of the fact that the encrypted
information most likely contains non-displayable characters.
<p>
The <em>bufsize</em> argument specifies the size in bytes of the internal
buffer used by <em>EncryptBuf</em> to store incoming characters temporarily. The
provided default argument should be OK in all normal cases.
    </ul>
    There is no copy constructor, nor move constructor (as <em>std::streambuf</em>
doesn't support either).
<p>
<h2>MEMBER FUNCTIONS</h2>
<p>
All members of <strong>std::streambuf</strong> are available, as <strong>FBB::EncryptBuf</strong>
inherits from this class. Some of the <strong>std::streambuf</strong>'s member are
overridden or are hidden by <em>EncryptBuf</em>. In normal situations these
inherited members will not be used by programs using <em>EncryptBuf</em> objects.
<p>
<ul>
    <li> <strong>size_t blockLength() const</strong>:<br>
        This member returns the block size (in bytes) that are used by
the specified method.
    <li> <strong>size_t ivLength() const</strong>:<br>
        This member returns the size (in bytes) of the initialization vector
that is used by the specified method.
    <li> <strong>std::string iv() const</strong>:<br>
        This member returns a reference to the initialization vector
that is used by the specified method. Be advised that the initialization
vector may contain non-displayable characters. 
    <li> <strong>size_t keyLength() const</strong>:<br>
        This member returns the size of the key (in bytes) that are used by
the specified method.
    <li> <strong>size_t rounds() const</strong>:<br>
        This member can only be used with the RC5 encryption method to query
the number of rounds of the algorithm. It returns the currently used number of
rounds or 0 if the member is called for another encryption method than RC5.
    <li> <strong>void setIv(std::string const &amp;iv)</strong>:<br>
        This member can be used to specify the initialization vector to use
after construction time but before any data has been encrypted. When called
after encryption has started an <em>FBB::Exception</em> exception will be thrown.
    <li> <strong>void setKey(std::string const &amp;key, size_t numberOfBytes = 0)</strong>:<br>
        This member can be used to specify the key and its length after
construction time but before any data has been encrypted. When called after
encryption has started an <em>FBB::Exception</em> exception will be thrown. The size of
the key is assumed to be the number of bytes in the key's data. If another key
length is required the member function's second parameter can be used to
specify the length of the key <em>in bytes</em>.
    <li> <strong>bool setRounds(size_t nRounds)</strong>:<br>
        This member can only be used with the RC5 encryption method to set the
number of rounds of the algorithm to 8, 12 or 16. When the number of rounds
were updated successfully the member returns <em>true</em>. It returns <em>false</em> in
other cases (e.g., called for other encryption methods than RC5 or the
requested number of rounds differ from 8, 12 or 16).
    </ul>
<p>
<h2>PROTECTED MEMBER</h2>
    <ul>
    <li> <strong>EVP_CIPHER_CTX *cipherCtx()</strong>:<br>
        Classes derived from <em>EncryptBuf</em> may use this member to gain direct
access to the <em>EVP_CIPHER_CTX</em> pointer used by the <em>EncryptBuf</em>
object. This pointer is a pointer to an opaque structure used by many OpenSSL
functions to set or query parameters of an encryption method.
    </ul>
<h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
    <pre>
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;bobcat/errno&gt;
#include &lt;bobcat/encryptbuf&gt;
#include &lt;bobcat/ohexstreambuf&gt;

#include &lt;openssl/evp.h&gt;

using namespace std;
using namespace FBB;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
try
{
    if (argc == 1)
        throw Errno("1st arg: method, 2nd arg: key, 3rd arg:  (opt): iv, "
                    "stdin: file to encrypt (to stdout)");

    string key(argv[2]);
    string iv;

    if (argc &gt; 3)
        iv = argv[3];

    EncryptBuf encryptbuf(cout, argv[1], key, iv);
    ostream out(&amp;encryptbuf);

    cerr &lt;&lt; "Block length: " &lt;&lt; encryptbuf.blockLength() &lt;&lt; '\n' &lt;&lt;
            "Key length: " &lt;&lt; encryptbuf.keyLength() &lt;&lt; '\n' &lt;&lt;
            "Max Key length: " &lt;&lt; EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH &lt;&lt; '\n' &lt;&lt;
            "IV length: " &lt;&lt; encryptbuf.ivLength() &lt;&lt; endl;
            
    cerr &lt;&lt; encryptbuf.iv().length() &lt;&lt; ' ';

    OHexStreambuf ohsb(cerr);

    ostream ohs(&amp;ohsb);
    ohs.write(encryptbuf.iv().data(), encryptbuf.iv().length()) &lt;&lt; flush;
    cerr &lt;&lt; endl;

    out &lt;&lt; cin.rdbuf();
}
catch(Errno const &amp;err)
{
    cout &lt;&lt; err.why() &lt;&lt; endl;
    return 1;
}
</pre>

<p>
To ignore the initial 256 bytes generated by the RC4 algorithm a simple
wrapper class around the eventual output stream can be used. Here is an
illustration:
        <pre>

    #include &lt;ostream&gt;
    #include &lt;bobcat/ofilterstreambuf&gt;
    
    class Skip256: public FBB::OFilterStreambuf
    {
        size_t d_count;
        public:
            Skip256(std::ostream &amp;os)
            :
                OFilterStreambuf(os),
                d_count(0)
            {}
        private:
            virtual int overflow(int c)
            {
                if (d_count == 256)
                    out().put(c);
                else
                    ++d_count;
                return c;
            }
    };
        
</pre>

    Next, an <em>Skip256</em> object is used to define an intermediate
<em>std::ostream</em> that is then passed to the <em>EncryptBuf</em> object. E.g., only
showing the essential steps defining the <em>EncryptBuf</em> object:
        <pre>

    Skip256 skip256(std::cout);
    std::ostream out(&amp;skip256);

    EncryptBuf encryptbuf(out, "rc4", key, "");
        
</pre>

<p>
<h2>FILES</h2>
    <em>bobcat/encryptbuf</em> - defines the class interface
<p>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
    <strong>bobcat</strong>(7), <strong>decryptbuf</strong>(3bobcat), <strong>ofilterstreambuf</strong>(3bobcat),
    <strong>std::streambuf</strong>
<p>
<h2>BUGS</h2>
    None reported
<p>

<h2>DISTRIBUTION FILES</h2>
    <ul>
    <li> <em>bobcat_3.23.01-x.dsc</em>: detached signature;
    <li> <em>bobcat_3.23.01-x.tar.gz</em>: source archive;
    <li> <em>bobcat_3.23.01-x_i386.changes</em>: change log;
    <li> <em>libbobcat1_3.23.01-x_*.deb</em>: debian package holding the
            libraries;
    <li> <em>libbobcat1-dev_3.23.01-x_*.deb</em>: debian package holding the
            libraries, headers and manual pages;
    <li> <em>http://sourceforge.net/projects/bobcat</em>: public archive location;
    </ul>
<p>
<h2>BOBCAT</h2>
    Bobcat is an acronym of `Brokken's Own Base Classes And Templates'.
<p>
<h2>COPYRIGHT</h2>
    This is free software, distributed under the terms of the 
    GNU General Public License (GPL).
<p>
<h2>AUTHOR</h2>
    Frank B. Brokken (<strong>f.b.brokken@rug.nl</strong>).
<p>