/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.20/Net/SSLeay.pod is in libnet-ssleay-perl 1.65-1+deb8u1.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 2623 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 2730 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2768 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3232 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255 3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3296 3297 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 3319 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377 3378 3379 3380 3381 3382 3383 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441 3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3456 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 3466 3467 3468 3469 3470 3471 3472 3473 3474 3475 3476 3477 3478 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 3493 3494 3495 3496 3497 3498 3499 3500 3501 3502 3503 3504 3505 3506 3507 3508 3509 3510 3511 3512 3513 3514 3515 3516 3517 3518 3519 3520 3521 3522 3523 3524 3525 3526 3527 3528 3529 3530 3531 3532 3533 3534 3535 3536 3537 3538 3539 3540 3541 3542 3543 3544 3545 3546 3547 3548 3549 3550 3551 3552 3553 3554 3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565 3566 3567 3568 3569 3570 3571 3572 3573 3574 3575 3576 3577 3578 3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 3608 3609 3610 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 3632 3633 3634 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662 3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 3712 3713 3714 3715 3716 3717 3718 3719 3720 3721 3722 3723 3724 3725 3726 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3742 3743 3744 3745 3746 3747 3748 3749 3750 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767 3768 3769 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3776 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3784 3785 3786 3787 3788 3789 3790 3791 3792 3793 3794 3795 3796 3797 3798 3799 3800 3801 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3816 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3864 3865 3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886 3887 3888 3889 3890 3891 3892 3893 3894 3895 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910 3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 3943 3944 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970 3971 3972 3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978 3979 3980 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993 3994 3995 3996 3997 3998 3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050 4051 4052 4053 4054 4055 4056 4057 4058 4059 4060 4061 4062 4063 4064 4065 4066 4067 4068 4069 4070 4071 4072 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077 4078 4079 4080 4081 4082 4083 4084 4085 4086 4087 4088 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095 4096 4097 4098 4099 4100 4101 4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4157 4158 4159 4160 4161 4162 4163 4164 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 4170 4171 4172 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 4182 4183 4184 4185 4186 4187 4188 4189 4190 4191 4192 4193 4194 4195 4196 4197 4198 4199 4200 4201 4202 4203 4204 4205 4206 4207 4208 4209 4210 4211 4212 4213 4214 4215 4216 4217 4218 4219 4220 4221 4222 4223 4224 4225 4226 4227 4228 4229 4230 4231 4232 4233 4234 4235 4236 4237 4238 4239 4240 4241 4242 4243 4244 4245 4246 4247 4248 4249 4250 4251 4252 4253 4254 4255 4256 4257 4258 4259 4260 4261 4262 4263 4264 4265 4266 4267 4268 4269 4270 4271 4272 4273 4274 4275 4276 4277 4278 4279 4280 4281 4282 4283 4284 4285 4286 4287 4288 4289 4290 4291 4292 4293 4294 4295 4296 4297 4298 4299 4300 4301 4302 4303 4304 4305 4306 4307 4308 4309 4310 4311 4312 4313 4314 4315 4316 4317 4318 4319 4320 4321 4322 4323 4324 4325 4326 4327 4328 4329 4330 4331 4332 4333 4334 4335 4336 4337 4338 4339 4340 4341 4342 4343 4344 4345 4346 4347 4348 4349 4350 4351 4352 4353 4354 4355 4356 4357 4358 4359 4360 4361 4362 4363 4364 4365 4366 4367 4368 4369 4370 4371 4372 4373 4374 4375 4376 4377 4378 4379 4380 4381 4382 4383 4384 4385 4386 4387 4388 4389 4390 4391 4392 4393 4394 4395 4396 4397 4398 4399 4400 4401 4402 4403 4404 4405 4406 4407 4408 4409 4410 4411 4412 4413 4414 4415 4416 4417 4418 4419 4420 4421 4422 4423 4424 4425 4426 4427 4428 4429 4430 4431 4432 4433 4434 4435 4436 4437 4438 4439 4440 4441 4442 4443 4444 4445 4446 4447 4448 4449 4450 4451 4452 4453 4454 4455 4456 4457 4458 4459 4460 4461 4462 4463 4464 4465 4466 4467 4468 4469 4470 4471 4472 4473 4474 4475 4476 4477 4478 4479 4480 4481 4482 4483 4484 4485 4486 4487 4488 4489 4490 4491 4492 4493 4494 4495 4496 4497 4498 4499 4500 4501 4502 4503 4504 4505 4506 4507 4508 4509 4510 4511 4512 4513 4514 4515 4516 4517 4518 4519 4520 4521 4522 4523 4524 4525 4526 4527 4528 4529 4530 4531 4532 4533 4534 4535 4536 4537 4538 4539 4540 4541 4542 4543 4544 4545 4546 4547 4548 4549 4550 4551 4552 4553 4554 4555 4556 4557 4558 4559 4560 4561 4562 4563 4564 4565 4566 4567 4568 4569 4570 4571 4572 4573 4574 4575 4576 4577 4578 4579 4580 4581 4582 4583 4584 4585 4586 4587 4588 4589 4590 4591 4592 4593 4594 4595 4596 4597 4598 4599 4600 4601 4602 4603 4604 4605 4606 4607 4608 4609 4610 4611 4612 4613 4614 4615 4616 4617 4618 4619 4620 4621 4622 4623 4624 4625 4626 4627 4628 4629 4630 4631 4632 4633 4634 4635 4636 4637 4638 4639 4640 4641 4642 4643 4644 4645 4646 4647 4648 4649 4650 4651 4652 4653 4654 4655 4656 4657 4658 4659 4660 4661 4662 4663 4664 4665 4666 4667 4668 4669 4670 4671 4672 4673 4674 4675 4676 4677 4678 4679 4680 4681 4682 4683 4684 4685 4686 4687 4688 4689 4690 4691 4692 4693 4694 4695 4696 4697 4698 4699 4700 4701 4702 4703 4704 4705 4706 4707 4708 4709 4710 4711 4712 4713 4714 4715 4716 4717 4718 4719 4720 4721 4722 4723 4724 4725 4726 4727 4728 4729 4730 4731 4732 4733 4734 4735 4736 4737 4738 4739 4740 4741 4742 4743 4744 4745 4746 4747 4748 4749 4750 4751 4752 4753 4754 4755 4756 4757 4758 4759 4760 4761 4762 4763 4764 4765 4766 4767 4768 4769 4770 4771 4772 4773 4774 4775 4776 4777 4778 4779 4780 4781 4782 4783 4784 4785 4786 4787 4788 4789 4790 4791 4792 4793 4794 4795 4796 4797 4798 4799 4800 4801 4802 4803 4804 4805 4806 4807 4808 4809 4810 4811 4812 4813 4814 4815 4816 4817 4818 4819 4820 4821 4822 4823 4824 4825 4826 4827 4828 4829 4830 4831 4832 4833 4834 4835 4836 4837 4838 4839 4840 4841 4842 4843 4844 4845 4846 4847 4848 4849 4850 4851 4852 4853 4854 4855 4856 4857 4858 4859 4860 4861 4862 4863 4864 4865 4866 4867 4868 4869 4870 4871 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4877 4878 4879 4880 4881 4882 4883 4884 4885 4886 4887 4888 4889 4890 4891 4892 4893 4894 4895 4896 4897 4898 4899 4900 4901 4902 4903 4904 4905 4906 4907 4908 4909 4910 4911 4912 4913 4914 4915 4916 4917 4918 4919 4920 4921 4922 4923 4924 4925 4926 4927 4928 4929 4930 4931 4932 4933 4934 4935 4936 4937 4938 4939 4940 4941 4942 4943 4944 4945 4946 4947 4948 4949 4950 4951 4952 4953 4954 4955 4956 4957 4958 4959 4960 4961 4962 4963 4964 4965 4966 4967 4968 4969 4970 4971 4972 4973 4974 4975 4976 4977 4978 4979 4980 4981 4982 4983 4984 4985 4986 4987 4988 4989 4990 4991 4992 4993 4994 4995 4996 4997 4998 4999 5000 5001 5002 5003 5004 5005 5006 5007 5008 5009 5010 5011 5012 5013 5014 5015 5016 5017 5018 5019 5020 5021 5022 5023 5024 5025 5026 5027 5028 5029 5030 5031 5032 5033 5034 5035 5036 5037 5038 5039 5040 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 5049 5050 5051 5052 5053 5054 5055 5056 5057 5058 5059 5060 5061 5062 5063 5064 5065 5066 5067 5068 5069 5070 5071 5072 5073 5074 5075 5076 5077 5078 5079 5080 5081 5082 5083 5084 5085 5086 5087 5088 5089 5090 5091 5092 5093 5094 5095 5096 5097 5098 5099 5100 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 5106 5107 5108 5109 5110 5111 5112 5113 5114 5115 5116 5117 5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129 5130 5131 5132 5133 5134 5135 5136 5137 5138 5139 5140 5141 5142 5143 5144 5145 5146 5147 5148 5149 5150 5151 5152 5153 5154 5155 5156 5157 5158 5159 5160 5161 5162 5163 5164 5165 5166 5167 5168 5169 5170 5171 5172 5173 5174 5175 5176 5177 5178 5179 5180 5181 5182 5183 5184 5185 5186 5187 5188 5189 5190 5191 5192 5193 5194 5195 5196 5197 5198 5199 5200 5201 5202 5203 5204 5205 5206 5207 5208 5209 5210 5211 5212 5213 5214 5215 5216 5217 5218 5219 5220 5221 5222 5223 5224 5225 5226 5227 5228 5229 5230 5231 5232 5233 5234 5235 5236 5237 5238 5239 5240 5241 5242 5243 5244 5245 5246 5247 5248 5249 5250 5251 5252 5253 5254 5255 5256 5257 5258 5259 5260 5261 5262 5263 5264 5265 5266 5267 5268 5269 5270 5271 5272 5273 5274 5275 5276 5277 5278 5279 5280 5281 5282 5283 5284 5285 5286 5287 5288 5289 5290 5291 5292 5293 5294 5295 5296 5297 5298 5299 5300 5301 5302 5303 5304 5305 5306 5307 5308 5309 5310 5311 5312 5313 5314 5315 5316 5317 5318 5319 5320 5321 5322 5323 5324 5325 5326 5327 5328 5329 5330 5331 5332 5333 5334 5335 5336 5337 5338 5339 5340 5341 5342 5343 5344 5345 5346 5347 5348 5349 5350 5351 5352 5353 5354 5355 5356 5357 5358 5359 5360 5361 5362 5363 5364 5365 5366 5367 5368 5369 5370 5371 5372 5373 5374 5375 5376 5377 5378 5379 5380 5381 5382 5383 5384 5385 5386 5387 5388 5389 5390 5391 5392 5393 5394 5395 5396 5397 5398 5399 5400 5401 5402 5403 5404 5405 5406 5407 5408 5409 5410 5411 5412 5413 5414 5415 5416 5417 5418 5419 5420 5421 5422 5423 5424 5425 5426 5427 5428 5429 5430 5431 5432 5433 5434 5435 5436 5437 5438 5439 5440 5441 5442 5443 5444 5445 5446 5447 5448 5449 5450 5451 5452 5453 5454 5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460 5461 5462 5463 5464 5465 5466 5467 5468 5469 5470 5471 5472 5473 5474 5475 5476 5477 5478 5479 5480 5481 5482 5483 5484 5485 5486 5487 5488 5489 5490 5491 5492 5493 5494 5495 5496 5497 5498 5499 5500 5501 5502 5503 5504 5505 5506 5507 5508 5509 5510 5511 5512 5513 5514 5515 5516 5517 5518 5519 5520 5521 5522 5523 5524 5525 5526 5527 5528 5529 5530 5531 5532 5533 5534 5535 5536 5537 5538 5539 5540 5541 5542 5543 5544 5545 5546 5547 5548 5549 5550 5551 5552 5553 5554 5555 5556 5557 5558 5559 5560 5561 5562 5563 5564 5565 5566 5567 5568 5569 5570 5571 5572 5573 5574 5575 5576 5577 5578 5579 5580 5581 5582 5583 5584 5585 5586 5587 5588 5589 5590 5591 5592 5593 5594 5595 5596 5597 5598 5599 5600 5601 5602 5603 5604 5605 5606 5607 5608 5609 5610 5611 5612 5613 5614 5615 5616 5617 5618 5619 5620 5621 5622 5623 5624 5625 5626 5627 5628 5629 5630 5631 5632 5633 5634 5635 5636 5637 5638 5639 5640 5641 5642 5643 5644 5645 5646 5647 5648 5649 5650 5651 5652 5653 5654 5655 5656 5657 5658 5659 5660 5661 5662 5663 5664 5665 5666 5667 5668 5669 5670 5671 5672 5673 5674 5675 5676 5677 5678 5679 5680 5681 5682 5683 5684 5685 5686 5687 5688 5689 5690 5691 5692 5693 5694 5695 5696 5697 5698 5699 5700 5701 5702 5703 5704 5705 5706 5707 5708 5709 5710 5711 5712 5713 5714 5715 5716 5717 5718 5719 5720 5721 5722 5723 5724 5725 5726 5727 5728 5729 5730 5731 5732 5733 5734 5735 5736 5737 5738 5739 5740 5741 5742 5743 5744 5745 5746 5747 5748 5749 5750 5751 5752 5753 5754 5755 5756 5757 5758 5759 5760 5761 5762 5763 5764 5765 5766 5767 5768 5769 5770 5771 5772 5773 5774 5775 5776 5777 5778 5779 5780 5781 5782 5783 5784 5785 5786 5787 5788 5789 5790 5791 5792 5793 5794 5795 5796 5797 5798 5799 5800 5801 5802 5803 5804 5805 5806 5807 5808 5809 5810 5811 5812 5813 5814 5815 5816 5817 5818 5819 5820 5821 5822 5823 5824 5825 5826 5827 5828 5829 5830 5831 5832 5833 5834 5835 5836 5837 5838 5839 5840 5841 5842 5843 5844 5845 5846 5847 5848 5849 5850 5851 5852 5853 5854 5855 5856 5857 5858 5859 5860 5861 5862 5863 5864 5865 5866 5867 5868 5869 5870 5871 5872 5873 5874 5875 5876 5877 5878 5879 5880 5881 5882 5883 5884 5885 5886 5887 5888 5889 5890 5891 5892 5893 5894 5895 5896 5897 5898 5899 5900 5901 5902 5903 5904 5905 5906 5907 5908 5909 5910 5911 5912 5913 5914 5915 5916 5917 5918 5919 5920 5921 5922 5923 5924 5925 5926 5927 5928 5929 5930 5931 5932 5933 5934 5935 5936 5937 5938 5939 5940 5941 5942 5943 5944 5945 5946 5947 5948 5949 5950 5951 5952 5953 5954 5955 5956 5957 5958 5959 5960 5961 5962 5963 5964 5965 5966 5967 5968 5969 5970 5971 5972 5973 5974 5975 5976 5977 5978 5979 5980 5981 5982 5983 5984 5985 5986 5987 5988 5989 5990 5991 5992 5993 5994 5995 5996 5997 5998 5999 6000 6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6007 6008 6009 6010 6011 6012 6013 6014 6015 6016 6017 6018 6019 6020 6021 6022 6023 6024 6025 6026 6027 6028 6029 6030 6031 6032 6033 6034 6035 6036 6037 6038 6039 6040 6041 6042 6043 6044 6045 6046 6047 6048 6049 6050 6051 6052 6053 6054 6055 6056 6057 6058 6059 6060 6061 6062 6063 6064 6065 6066 6067 6068 6069 6070 6071 6072 6073 6074 6075 6076 6077 6078 6079 6080 6081 6082 6083 6084 6085 6086 6087 6088 6089 6090 6091 6092 6093 6094 6095 6096 6097 6098 6099 6100 6101 6102 6103 6104 6105 6106 6107 6108 6109 6110 6111 6112 6113 6114 6115 6116 6117 6118 6119 6120 6121 6122 6123 6124 6125 6126 6127 6128 6129 6130 6131 6132 6133 6134 6135 6136 6137 6138 6139 6140 6141 6142 6143 6144 6145 6146 6147 6148 6149 6150 6151 6152 6153 6154 6155 6156 6157 6158 6159 6160 6161 6162 6163 6164 6165 6166 6167 6168 6169 6170 6171 6172 6173 6174 6175 6176 6177 6178 6179 6180 6181 6182 6183 6184 6185 6186 6187 6188 6189 6190 6191 6192 6193 6194 6195 6196 6197 6198 6199 6200 6201 6202 6203 6204 6205 6206 6207 6208 6209 6210 6211 6212 6213 6214 6215 6216 6217 6218 6219 6220 6221 6222 6223 6224 6225 6226 6227 6228 6229 6230 6231 6232 6233 6234 6235 6236 6237 6238 6239 6240 6241 6242 6243 6244 6245 6246 6247 6248 6249 6250 6251 6252 6253 6254 6255 6256 6257 6258 6259 6260 6261 6262 6263 6264 6265 6266 6267 6268 6269 6270 6271 6272 6273 6274 6275 6276 6277 6278 6279 6280 6281 6282 6283 6284 6285 6286 6287 6288 6289 6290 6291 6292 6293 6294 6295 6296 6297 6298 6299 6300 6301 6302 6303 6304 6305 6306 6307 6308 6309 6310 6311 6312 6313 6314 6315 6316 6317 6318 6319 6320 6321 6322 6323 6324 6325 6326 6327 6328 6329 6330 6331 6332 6333 6334 6335 6336 6337 6338 6339 6340 6341 6342 6343 6344 6345 6346 6347 6348 6349 6350 6351 6352 6353 6354 6355 6356 6357 6358 6359 6360 6361 6362 6363 6364 6365 6366 6367 6368 6369 6370 6371 6372 6373 6374 6375 6376 6377 6378 6379 6380 6381 6382 6383 6384 6385 6386 6387 6388 6389 6390 6391 6392 6393 6394 6395 6396 6397 6398 6399 6400 6401 6402 6403 6404 6405 6406 6407 6408 6409 6410 6411 6412 6413 6414 6415 6416 6417 6418 6419 6420 6421 6422 6423 6424 6425 6426 6427 6428 6429 6430 6431 6432 6433 6434 6435 6436 6437 6438 6439 6440 6441 6442 6443 6444 6445 6446 6447 6448 6449 6450 6451 6452 6453 6454 6455 6456 6457 6458 6459 6460 6461 6462 6463 6464 6465 6466 6467 6468 6469 6470 6471 6472 6473 6474 6475 6476 6477 6478 6479 6480 6481 6482 6483 6484 6485 6486 6487 6488 6489 6490 6491 6492 6493 6494 6495 6496 6497 6498 6499 6500 6501 6502 6503 6504 6505 6506 6507 6508 6509 6510 6511 6512 6513 6514 6515 6516 6517 6518 6519 6520 6521 6522 6523 6524 6525 6526 6527 6528 6529 6530 6531 6532 6533 6534 6535 6536 6537 6538 6539 6540 6541 6542 6543 6544 6545 6546 6547 6548 6549 6550 6551 6552 6553 6554 6555 6556 6557 6558 6559 6560 6561 6562 6563 6564 6565 6566 6567 6568 6569 6570 6571 6572 6573 6574 6575 6576 6577 6578 6579 6580 6581 6582 6583 6584 6585 6586 6587 6588 6589 6590 6591 6592 6593 6594 6595 6596 6597 6598 6599 6600 6601 6602 6603 6604 6605 6606 6607 6608 6609 6610 6611 6612 6613 6614 6615 6616 6617 6618 6619 6620 6621 6622 6623 6624 6625 6626 6627 6628 6629 6630 6631 6632 6633 6634 6635 6636 6637 6638 6639 6640 6641 6642 6643 6644 6645 6646 6647 6648 6649 6650 6651 6652 6653 6654 6655 6656 6657 6658 6659 6660 6661 6662 6663 6664 6665 6666 6667 6668 6669 6670 6671 6672 6673 6674 6675 6676 6677 6678 6679 6680 6681 6682 6683 6684 6685 6686 6687 6688 6689 6690 6691 6692 6693 6694 6695 6696 6697 6698 6699 6700 6701 6702 6703 6704 6705 6706 6707 6708 6709 6710 6711 6712 6713 6714 6715 6716 6717 6718 6719 6720 6721 6722 6723 6724 6725 6726 6727 6728 6729 6730 6731 6732 6733 6734 6735 6736 6737 6738 6739 6740 6741 6742 6743 6744 6745 6746 6747 6748 6749 6750 6751 6752 6753 6754 6755 6756 6757 6758 6759 6760 6761 6762 6763 6764 6765 6766 6767 6768 6769 6770 6771 6772 6773 6774 6775 6776 6777 6778 6779 6780 6781 6782 6783 6784 6785 6786 6787 6788 6789 6790 6791 6792 6793 6794 6795 6796 6797 6798 6799 6800 6801 6802 6803 6804 6805 6806 6807 6808 6809 6810 6811 6812 6813 6814 6815 6816 6817 6818 6819 6820 6821 6822 6823 6824 6825 6826 6827 6828 6829 6830 6831 6832 6833 6834 6835 6836 6837 6838 6839 6840 6841 6842 6843 6844 6845 6846 6847 6848 6849 6850 6851 6852 6853 6854 6855 6856 6857 6858 6859 6860 6861 6862 6863 6864 6865 6866 6867 6868 6869 6870 6871 6872 6873 6874 6875 6876 6877 6878 6879 6880 6881 6882 6883 6884 6885 6886 6887 6888 6889 6890 6891 6892 6893 6894 6895 6896 6897 6898 6899 6900 6901 6902 6903 6904 6905 6906 6907 6908 6909 6910 6911 6912 6913 6914 6915 6916 6917 6918 6919 6920 6921 6922 6923 6924 6925 6926 6927 6928 6929 6930 6931 6932 6933 6934 6935 6936 6937 6938 6939 6940 6941 6942 6943 6944 6945 6946 6947 6948 6949 6950 6951 6952 6953 6954 6955 6956 6957 6958 6959 6960 6961 6962 6963 6964 6965 6966 6967 6968 6969 6970 6971 6972 6973 6974 6975 6976 6977 6978 6979 6980 6981 6982 6983 6984 6985 6986 6987 6988 6989 6990 6991 6992 6993 6994 6995 6996 6997 6998 6999 7000 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016 7017 7018 7019 7020 7021 7022 7023 7024 7025 7026 7027 7028 7029 7030 7031 7032 7033 7034 7035 7036 7037 7038 7039 7040 7041 7042 7043 7044 7045 7046 7047 7048 7049 7050 7051 7052 7053 7054 7055 7056 7057 7058 7059 7060 7061 7062 7063 7064 7065 7066 7067 7068 7069 7070 7071 7072 7073 7074 7075 7076 7077 7078 7079 7080 7081 7082 7083 7084 7085 7086 7087 7088 7089 7090 7091 7092 7093 7094 7095 7096 7097 7098 7099 7100 7101 7102 7103 7104 7105 7106 7107 7108 7109 7110 7111 7112 7113 7114 7115 7116 7117 7118 7119 7120 7121 7122 7123 7124 7125 7126 7127 7128 7129 7130 7131 7132 7133 7134 7135 7136 7137 7138 7139 7140 7141 7142 7143 7144 7145 7146 7147 7148 7149 7150 7151 7152 7153 7154 7155 7156 7157 7158 7159 7160 7161 7162 7163 7164 7165 7166 7167 7168 7169 7170 7171 7172 7173 7174 7175 7176 7177 7178 7179 7180 7181 7182 7183 7184 7185 7186 7187 7188 7189 7190 7191 7192 7193 7194 7195 7196 7197 7198 7199 7200 7201 7202 7203 7204 7205 7206 7207 7208 7209 7210 7211 7212 7213 7214 7215 7216 7217 7218 7219 7220 7221 7222 7223 7224 7225 7226 7227 7228 7229 7230 7231 7232 7233 7234 7235 7236 7237 7238 7239 7240 7241 7242 7243 7244 7245 7246 7247 7248 7249 7250 7251 7252 7253 7254 7255 7256 7257 7258 7259 7260 7261 7262 7263 7264 7265 7266 7267 7268 7269 7270 7271 7272 7273 7274 7275 7276 7277 7278 7279 7280 7281 7282 7283 7284 7285 7286 7287 7288 7289 7290 7291 7292 7293 7294 7295 7296 7297 7298 7299 7300 7301 7302 7303 7304 7305 7306 7307 7308 7309 7310 7311 7312 7313 7314 7315 7316 7317 7318 7319 7320 7321 7322 7323 7324 7325 7326 7327 7328 7329 7330 7331 7332 7333 7334 7335 7336 7337 7338 7339 7340 7341 7342 7343 7344 7345 7346 7347 7348 7349 7350 7351 7352 7353 7354 7355 7356 7357 7358 7359 7360 7361 7362 7363 7364 7365 7366 7367 7368 7369 7370 7371 7372 7373 7374 7375 7376 7377 7378 7379 7380 7381 7382 7383 7384 7385 7386 7387 7388 7389 7390 7391 7392 7393 7394 7395 7396 7397 7398 7399 7400 7401 7402 7403 7404 7405 7406 7407 7408 7409 7410 7411 7412 7413 7414 7415 7416 7417 7418 7419 7420 7421 7422 7423 7424 7425 7426 7427 7428 7429 7430 7431 7432 7433 7434 7435 7436 7437 7438 7439 7440 7441 7442 7443 7444 7445 7446 7447 7448 7449 7450 7451 7452 7453 7454 7455 7456 7457 7458 7459 7460 7461 7462 7463 7464 7465 7466 7467 7468 7469 7470 7471 7472 7473 7474 7475 7476 7477 7478 7479 7480 7481 7482 7483 7484 7485 7486 7487 7488 7489 7490 7491 7492 7493 7494 7495 7496 7497 7498 7499 7500 7501 7502 7503 7504 7505 7506 7507 7508 7509 7510 7511 7512 7513 7514 7515 7516 7517 7518 7519 7520 7521 7522 7523 7524 7525 7526 7527 7528 7529 7530 7531 7532 7533 7534 7535 7536 7537 7538 7539 7540 7541 7542 7543 7544 7545 7546 7547 7548 7549 7550 7551 7552 7553 7554 7555 7556 7557 7558 7559 7560 7561 7562 7563 7564 7565 7566 7567 7568 7569 7570 7571 7572 7573 7574 7575 7576 7577 7578 7579 7580 7581 7582 7583 7584 7585 7586 7587 7588 7589 7590 7591 7592 7593 7594 7595 7596 7597 7598 7599 7600 7601 7602 7603 7604 7605 7606 7607 7608 7609 7610 7611 7612 7613 7614 7615 7616 7617 7618 7619 7620 7621 7622 7623 7624 7625 7626 7627 7628 7629 7630 7631 7632 7633 7634 7635 7636 7637 7638 7639 7640 7641 7642 7643 7644 7645 7646 7647 7648 7649 7650 7651 7652 7653 7654 7655 7656 7657 7658 7659 7660 7661 7662 7663 7664 7665 7666 7667 7668 7669 7670 7671 7672 7673 7674 7675 7676 7677 7678 7679 7680 7681 7682 7683 7684 7685 7686 7687 7688 7689 7690 7691 7692 7693 7694 7695 7696 7697 7698 7699 7700 7701 7702 7703 7704 7705 7706 7707 7708 7709 7710 7711 7712 7713 7714 7715 7716 7717 7718 7719 7720 7721 7722 7723 7724 7725 7726 7727 7728 7729 7730 7731 7732 7733 7734 7735 7736 7737 7738 7739 7740 7741 7742 7743 7744 7745 7746 7747 7748 7749 7750 7751 7752 7753 7754 7755 7756 7757 7758 7759 7760 7761 7762 7763 7764 7765 7766 7767 7768 7769 7770 7771 7772 7773 7774 7775 7776 7777 7778 7779 7780 7781 7782 7783 7784 7785 7786 7787 7788 7789 7790 7791 7792 7793 7794 7795 7796 7797 7798 7799 7800 7801 7802 7803 7804 7805 7806 7807 7808 7809 7810 7811 7812 7813 7814 7815 7816 7817 7818 7819 7820 7821 7822 7823 7824 7825 7826 7827 7828 7829 7830 7831 7832 7833 7834 7835 7836 7837 7838 7839 7840 7841 7842 7843 7844 7845 7846 7847 7848 7849 7850 7851 7852 7853 7854 7855 7856 7857 7858 7859 7860 7861 7862 7863 7864 7865 7866 7867 7868 7869 7870 7871 7872 7873 7874 7875 7876 7877 7878 7879 7880 7881 7882 7883 7884 7885 7886 7887 7888 7889 7890 7891 7892 7893 7894 7895 7896 7897 7898 7899 7900 7901 7902 7903 7904 7905 7906 7907 7908 7909 7910 7911 7912 7913 7914 7915 7916 7917 7918 7919 7920 7921 7922 7923 7924 7925 7926 7927 7928 7929 7930 7931 7932 7933 7934 7935 7936 7937 7938 7939 7940 7941 7942 7943 7944 7945 7946 7947 7948 7949 7950 7951 7952 7953 7954 7955 7956 7957 7958 7959 7960 7961 7962 7963 7964 7965 7966 7967 7968 7969 7970 7971 7972 7973 7974 7975 7976 7977 7978 7979 7980 7981 7982 7983 7984 7985 7986 7987 7988 7989 7990 7991 7992 7993 7994 7995 7996 7997 7998 7999 8000 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006 8007 8008 8009 8010 8011 8012 8013 8014 8015 8016 8017 8018 8019 8020 8021 8022 8023 8024 8025 8026 8027 8028 8029 8030 8031 8032 8033 8034 8035 8036 8037 8038 8039 8040 8041 8042 8043 8044 8045 8046 8047 8048 8049 8050 8051 8052 8053 8054 8055 8056 8057 8058 8059 8060 8061 8062 8063 8064 8065 8066 8067 8068 8069 8070 8071 8072 8073 8074 8075 8076 8077 8078 8079 8080 8081 8082 8083 8084 8085 8086 8087 8088 8089 8090 8091 8092 8093 8094 8095 8096 8097 8098 8099 8100 8101 8102 8103 8104 8105 8106 8107 8108 8109 8110 8111 8112 8113 8114 8115 8116 8117 8118 8119 8120 8121 8122 8123 8124 8125 8126 8127 8128 8129 8130 8131 8132 8133 8134 8135 8136 8137 8138 8139 8140 8141 8142 8143 8144 8145 8146 8147 8148 8149 8150 8151 8152 8153 8154 8155 8156 8157 8158 8159 8160 8161 8162 8163 8164 8165 8166 8167 8168 8169 8170 8171 8172 8173 8174 8175 8176 8177 8178 8179 8180 8181 8182 8183 8184 8185 8186 8187 8188 8189 8190 8191 8192 8193 8194 8195 8196 8197 8198 8199 8200 8201 8202 8203 8204 8205 8206 8207 8208 8209 8210 8211 8212 8213 8214 8215 8216 8217 8218 8219 8220 8221 8222 8223 8224 8225 8226 8227 8228 8229 8230 8231 8232 8233 8234 8235 8236 8237 8238 8239 8240 8241 8242 8243 8244 8245 8246 8247 8248 8249 8250 8251 8252 8253 8254 8255 8256 8257 8258 8259 8260 8261 8262 8263 8264 8265 8266 8267 8268 8269 8270 8271 8272 8273 8274 8275 8276 8277 8278 8279 8280 8281 8282 8283 8284 8285 8286 8287 8288 8289 8290 8291 8292 8293 8294 8295 8296 8297 8298 8299 8300 8301 8302 8303 8304 8305 8306 8307 8308 8309 8310 8311 8312 8313 8314 8315 8316 8317 8318 8319 8320 8321 8322 8323 8324 8325 8326 8327 8328 8329 8330 8331 8332 8333 8334 8335 8336 8337 8338 8339 8340 8341 8342 8343 8344 8345 8346 8347 8348 8349 8350 8351 8352 8353 8354 8355 8356 8357 8358 8359 8360 8361 8362 8363 8364 8365 8366 8367 8368 8369 8370 8371 8372 8373 8374 8375 8376 8377 8378 8379 8380 8381 8382 8383 8384 8385 8386 8387 8388 8389 8390 8391 8392 8393 8394 8395 8396 8397 8398 8399 8400 8401 8402 8403 8404 8405 8406 8407 8408 8409 8410 8411 8412 8413 8414 8415 8416 8417 8418 8419 8420 8421 8422 8423 8424 8425 8426 8427 8428 8429 8430 8431 8432 8433 8434 8435 8436 8437 8438 8439 8440 8441 8442 8443 8444 8445 8446 8447 8448 8449 8450 8451 8452 8453 8454 8455 8456 8457 8458 8459 8460 8461 8462 8463 8464 8465 8466 8467 8468 8469 8470 8471 8472 8473 8474 8475 8476 8477 8478 8479 8480 8481 8482 8483 8484 8485 8486 8487 8488 8489 8490 8491 8492 8493 8494 8495 8496 8497 8498 8499 8500 8501 8502 8503 8504 8505 8506 8507 8508 8509 8510 8511 8512 8513 8514 8515 8516 8517 8518 8519 8520 8521 8522 8523 8524 8525 8526 8527 8528 8529 8530 8531 8532 8533 8534 8535 8536 8537 8538 8539 8540 8541 8542 8543 8544 8545 8546 8547 8548 8549 8550 8551 8552 8553 8554 8555 8556 8557 8558 8559 8560 8561 8562 8563 8564 8565 8566 8567 8568 8569 8570 8571 8572 8573 8574 8575 8576 8577 8578 8579 8580 8581 8582 8583 8584 8585 8586 8587 8588 | =encoding utf-8
=head1 NAME
Net::SSLeay - Perl extension for using OpenSSL
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Net::SSLeay qw(get_https post_https sslcat make_headers make_form);
($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/'); # Case 1
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/', # Case 2
make_headers(User-Agent => 'Cryptozilla/5.0b1',
Referer => 'https://www.bacus.pt'
));
($page, $result, %headers) = # Case 2b
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '', # Case 3
make_form(OK => '1',
name => 'Sampo'
));
$reply = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 4
($reply, $err, $server_cert) = sslcat($host, $port, $request); # Case 5
$Net::SSLeay::trace = 2; # 0=no debugging, 1=ciphers, 2=trace, 3=dump data
Net::SSLeay::initialize(); # Initialize ssl library once
=head1 DESCRIPTION
L<Net::SSLeay> module contains perl bindings to openssl (L<http://www.openssl.org|http://www.openssl.org>) library.
B<COMPATIBILITY NOTE:> L<Net::SSLeay> cannot be built with pre-0.9.3 openssl. It is strongly recommended
to use at least 0.9.7 (as older versions are not tested during development). Some low level API functions
may be available with certain openssl versions.
L<Net::SSLeay> module basically comprise of:
=over
=item * High level functions for accessing web servers (by using HTTP/HTTPS)
=item * Low level API (mostly mapped 1:1 to openssl's C functions)
=item * Convenience functions (related to low level API but with more perl friendly interface)
=back
There is also a related module called L<Net::SSLeay::Handle> included in this
distribution that you might want to use instead. It has its own pod
documentation.
=head2 High level functions for accessing web servers
This module offers some high level convenience functions for accessing
web pages on SSL servers (for symmetry, the same API is offered for
accessing http servers, too), an C<sslcat()> function for writing your own
clients, and finally access to the SSL api of the SSLeay/OpenSSL package
so you can write servers or clients for more complicated applications.
For high level functions it is most convenient to import them into your
main namespace as indicated in the synopsis.
=head3 Basic set of functions
=over
=item * get_https
=item * post_https
=item * put_https
=item * head_https
=item * do_https
=item * sslcat
=item * https_cat
=item * make_form
=item * make_headers
=back
B<Case 1 (in SYNOPSIS)> demonstrates the typical invocation of get_https() to fetch an HTML
page from secure server. The first argument provides the hostname or IP
in dotted decimal notation of the remote server to contact. The second
argument is the TCP port at the remote end (your own port is picked
arbitrarily from high numbered ports as usual for TCP). The third
argument is the URL of the page without the host name part. If in
doubt consult the HTTP specifications at L<http://www.w3c.org>.
B<Case 2 (in SYNOPSIS)> demonstrates full fledged use of C<get_https()>. As can be seen,
C<get_https()> parses the response and response headers and returns them as
a list, which can be captured in a hash for later reference. Also a
fourth argument to C<get_https()> is used to insert some additional headers
in the request. C<make_headers()> is a function that will convert a list or
hash to such headers. By default C<get_https()> supplies C<Host> (to make
virtual hosting easy) and C<Accept> (reportedly needed by IIS) headers.
B<Case 2b (in SYNOPSIS)> demonstrates how to get a password protected page. Refer to
the HTTP protocol specifications for further details (e.g. RFC-2617).
B<Case 3 (in SYNOPSIS)> invokes C<post_https()> to submit a HTML/CGI form to a secure
server. The first four arguments are equal to C<get_https()> (note that
the empty string (C<''>) is passed as header argument).
The fifth argument is the
contents of the form formatted according to CGI specification.
Do not post UTF-8 data as content: use utf8::downgrade first. In this
case the helper function C<make_https()> is used to do the formatting,
but you could pass any string. C<post_https()> automatically adds
C<Content-Type> and C<Content-Length> headers to the request.
B<Case 4 (in SYNOPSIS)> shows the fundamental C<sslcat()> function (inspired in spirit by
the C<netcat> utility :-). It's your swiss army knife that allows you to
easily contact servers, send some data, and then get the response. You
are responsible for formatting the data and parsing the response -
C<sslcat()> is just a transport.
B<Case 5 (in SYNOPSIS)> is a full invocation of C<sslcat()> which allows the return of errors
as well as the server (peer) certificate.
The C<$trace> global variable can be used to control the verbosity of the
high level functions. Level 0 guarantees silence, level 1 (the default)
only emits error messages.
=head3 Alternate versions of high-level API
=over
=item * get_https3
=item * post_https3
=item * put_https3
=item * get_https4
=item * post_https4
=item * put_https4
=back
The above mentioned functions actually return the response headers as
a list, which only gets converted to hash upon assignment (this
assignment looses information if the same header occurs twice, as may
be the case with cookies). There are also other variants of the
functions that return unprocessed headers and that return a reference
to a hash.
($page, $response, @headers) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
for ($i = 0; $i < $#headers; $i+=2) {
print "$headers[$i] = " . $headers[$i+1] . "\n";
}
($page, $response, $headers, $server_cert)
= get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
print "$headers\n";
($page, $response, $headers_ref)
= get_https4('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
for $k (sort keys %{$headers_ref}) {
for $v (@{$$headers_ref{$k}}) {
print "$k = $v\n";
}
}
All of the above code fragments accomplish the same thing: display all
values of all headers. The API functions ending in "3" return the
headers simply as a scalar string and it is up to the application to
split them up. The functions ending in "4" return a reference to
a hash of arrays (see L<perlref> and L<perllol> if you are
not familiar with complex perl data structures). To access a single value
of such a header hash you would do something like
print $$headers_ref{COOKIE}[0];
Variants 3 and 4 also allow you to discover the server certificate
in case you would like to store or display it, e.g.
($p, $resp, $hdrs, $server_cert) = get_https3('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
if (!defined($server_cert) || ($server_cert == 0)) {
warn "Subject Name: undefined, Issuer Name: undefined";
} else {
warn 'Subject Name: '
. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline(
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($server_cert))
. 'Issuer Name: '
. Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline(
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($server_cert));
}
Beware that this method only allows after the fact verification of
the certificate: by the time C<get_https3()> has returned the https
request has already been sent to the server, whether you decide to
trust it or not. To do the verification correctly you must either
employ the OpenSSL certificate verification framework or use
the lower level API to first connect and verify the certificate
and only then send the http data. See the implementation of C<ds_https3()>
for guidance on how to do this.
=head3 Using client certificates
Secure web communications are encrypted using symmetric crypto keys
exchanged using encryption based on the certificate of the
server. Therefore in all SSL connections the server must have a
certificate. This serves both to authenticate the server to the
clients and to perform the key exchange.
Sometimes it is necessary to authenticate the client as well. Two
options are available: HTTP basic authentication and a client side
certificate. The basic authentication over HTTPS is actually quite
safe because HTTPS guarantees that the password will not travel in
the clear. Never-the-less, problems like easily guessable passwords
remain. The client certificate method involves authentication of the
client at the SSL level using a certificate. For this to work, both the
client and the server have certificates (which typically are
different) and private keys.
The API functions outlined above accept additional arguments that
allow one to supply the client side certificate and key files. The
format of these files is the same as used for server certificates and
the caveat about encrypting private keys applies.
($page, $result, %headers) = # 2c
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')),
'', $mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', # 3b
make_headers('Authorization' =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",'')),
make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo'),
$mime_type6, $path_to_crt7, $path_to_key8);
B<Case 2c (in SYNOPSIS)> demonstrates getting a password protected page that also requires
a client certificate, i.e. it is possible to use both authentication
methods simultaneously.
B<Case 3b (in SYNOPSIS)> is a full blown POST to a secure server that requires both password
authentication and a client certificate, just like in case 2c.
Note: The client will not send a certificate unless the server requests one.
This is typically achieved by setting the verify mode to C<VERIFY_PEER> on the
server:
Net::SSLeay::set_verify(ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, 0);
See C<perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod> for a full description.
=head3 Working through a web proxy
=over
=item * set_proxy
=back
C<Net::SSLeay> can use a web proxy to make its connections. You need to
first set the proxy host and port using C<set_proxy()> and then just
use the normal API functions, e.g:
Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080);
($page) = get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/');
If your proxy requires authentication, you can supply a username and
password as well
Net::SSLeay::set_proxy('gateway.myorg.com', 8080, 'joe', 'salainen');
($page, $result, %headers) =
= get_https('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("susie:pass",''))
);
This example demonstrates the case where we authenticate to the proxy as
C<"joe"> and to the final web server as C<"susie">. Proxy authentication
requires the C<MIME::Base64> module to work.
=head3 HTTP (without S) API
=over
=item * get_http
=item * post_http
=item * tcpcat
=item * get_httpx
=item * post_httpx
=item * tcpxcat
=back
Over the years it has become clear that it would be convenient to use
the light-weight flavour API of C<Net::SSLeay> for normal HTTP as well (see
C<LWP> for the heavy-weight object-oriented approach). In fact it would be
nice to be able to flip https on and off on the fly. Thus regular HTTP
support was evolved.
use Net::SSLeay qw(get_http post_http tcpcat
get_httpx post_httpx tcpxcat
make_headers make_form);
($page, $result, %headers)
= get_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_http('www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '',
make_form(OK => '1',
name => 'Sampo'
));
($reply, $err) = tcpcat($host, $port, $request);
($page, $result, %headers)
= get_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/protected.html',
make_headers(Authorization =>
'Basic ' . MIME::Base64::encode("$user:$pass",''))
);
($page, $response, %reply_headers)
= post_httpx($usessl, 'www.bacus.pt', 443, '/foo.cgi', '',
make_form(OK => '1', name => 'Sampo' ));
($reply, $err, $server_cert) = tcpxcat($usessl, $host, $port, $request);
As can be seen, the C<"x"> family of APIs takes as the first argument a flag
which indicates whether SSL is used or not.
=head2 Certificate verification and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs)
OpenSSL supports the ability to verify peer certificates. It can also
optionally check the peer certificate against a Certificate Revocation
List (CRL) from the certificates issuer. A CRL is a file, created by
the certificate issuer that lists all the certificates that it
previously signed, but which it now revokes. CRLs are in PEM format.
You can enable C<Net::SSLeay CRL> checking like this:
&Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags
(&Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl),
&Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK);
After setting this flag, if OpenSSL checks a peer's certificate, then
it will attempt to find a CRL for the issuer. It does this by looking
for a specially named file in the search directory specified by
CTX_load_verify_locations. CRL files are named with the hash of the
issuer's subject name, followed by C<.r0>, C<.r1> etc. For example
C<ab1331b2.r0>, C<ab1331b2.r1>. It will read all the .r files for the
issuer, and then check for a revocation of the peer certificate in all
of them. (You can also force it to look in a specific named CRL
file., see below). You can find out the hash of the issuer subject
name in a CRL with
openssl crl -in crl.pem -hash -noout
If the peer certificate does not pass the revocation list, or if no
CRL is found, then the handshaking fails with an error.
You can also force OpenSSL to look for CRLs in one or more arbitrarily
named files.
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($crlfilename, 'r');
my $crl = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio);
if ($crl) {
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl(
Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ssl, $crl)
);
} else {
error reading CRL....
}
Usually the URLs where you can download the CRLs is contained in the certificate
itself and you can extract them with
my @url = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($cert)
But there is no automatic downloading of the CRLs and often these CRLs are too
huge to just download them to verify a single certificate.
Also, these CRLs are often in DER format which you need to convert to PEM before
you can use it:
openssl crl -in crl.der -inform der -out crl.pem
So as an alternative for faster and timely revocation checks you better use
the Online Status Revocation Protocol (OCSP).
=head2 Certificate verification and Online Status Revocation Protocol (OCSP)
While checking for revoked certificates is possible and fast with Certificate
Revocation Lists, you need to download the complete and often huge list before
you can verify a single certificate.
A faster way is to ask the CA to check the revocation of just a single or a few
certificates using OCSP. Basically you generate for each certificate an
OCSP_CERTID based on the certificate itself and its issuer, put the ids
togetether into an OCSP_REQUEST and send the request to the URL given in the
certificate.
As a result you get back an OCSP_RESPONSE and need to check the status of the
response, check that it is valid (e.g. signed by the CA) and finally extract the
information about each OCSP_CERTID to find out if the certificate is still valid
or got revoked.
With Net::SSLeay this can be done like this:
# get id(s) for given certs, like from get_peer_certificate
# or get_peer_cert_chain. This will croak if
# - one tries to make an OCSP_CERTID for a self-signed certificate
# - the issuer of the certificate cannot be found in the SSL objects
# store, nor in the current certificate chain
my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl);
my $id = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) };
die "failed to make OCSP_CERTID: $@" if $@;
# create OCSP_REQUEST from id(s)
# Multiple can be put into the same request, if the same OCSP responder
# is responsible for them.
my $req = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_ids2req($id);
# determine URI of OCSP responder
my $uri = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ocsp_uri($cert);
# Send stringified OCSP_REQUEST with POST to $uri.
# We can ignore certificate verification for https, because the OCSP
# response itself is signed.
my $ua = HTTP::Tiny->new(verify_SSL => 0);
my $res = $ua->request( 'POST',$uri, {
headers => { 'Content-type' => 'application/ocsp-request' },
content => Net::SSLeay::i2d_OCSP_REQUEST($req)
});
my $content = $res && $res->{success} && $res->{content}
or die "query failed";
# Extract OCSP_RESPONSE.
# this will croak if the string is not an OCSP_RESPONSE
my $resp = eval { Net::SSLeay::d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE($content) };
# Check status of response.
my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp);
if ($status != Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL())
die "OCSP response failed: ".
Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status_str($status);
}
# Verify signature of response and if nonce matches request.
# This will croak if there is a nonce in the response, but it does not match
# the request. It will return false if the signature could not be verified,
# in which case details can be retrieved with Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error.
# It will not complain if the response does not contain a nonce, which is
# usually the case with pre-signed responses.
if ( ! eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp,$req) }) {
die "OCSP response verification failed";
}
# Extract information from OCSP_RESPONSE for each of the ids.
# If called in scalar context it will return the time (as time_t), when the
# next update is due (minimum of all successful responses inside $resp). It
# will croak on the following problems:
# - response is expired or not yet valid
# - no response for given OCSP_CERTID
# - certificate status is not good (e.g. revoked or unknown)
if ( my $nextupd = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$id) }) {
warn "certificate is valid, next update in ".
($nextupd-time())." seconds\n";
} else {
die "certificate is not valid: $@";
}
# But in array context it will return detailled information about each given
# OCSP_CERTID instead croaking on errors:
# if no @ids are given it will return information about all single responses
# in the OCSP_RESPONSE
my @results = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,@ids);
for my $r (@results) {
print Dumper($r);
# @results are in the same order as the @ids and contain:
# $r->[0] - OCSP_CERTID
# $r->[1] - undef if no error (certificate good) OR error message as string
# $r->[2] - hash with details:
# thisUpdate - time_t of this single response
# nextUpdate - time_t when update is expected
# statusType - integer:
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD(0)
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED(1)
# V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN(2)
# revocationTime - time_t (only if revoked)
# revocationReason - integer (only if revoked)
# revocationReason_str - reason as string (only if revoked)
}
To further speed up certificate revocation checking one can use a TLS extension
to instruct the server to staple the OCSP response:
# set TLS extension before doing SSL_connect
Net::SSLeay::set_tlsext_status_type($ssl,
Net::SSLeay::TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp());
# setup callback to verify OCSP response
my $cert_valid = undef;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_status_cb($context,sub {
my ($ssl,$resp) = @_;
if (!$resp) {
# Lots of servers don't return an OCSP response.
# In this case we must check the OCSP status outside the SSL
# handshake.
warn "server did not return stapled OCSP response\n";
return 1;
}
# verify status
my $status = Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_status($resp);
if ($status != Net::SSLeay::OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL()) {
warn "OCSP response failure: $status\n";
return 1;
}
# verify signature - we have no OCSP_REQUEST here to check nonce
if (!eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_verify($ssl,$resp) }) {
warn "OCSP response verify failed\n";
return 1;
}
# check if the certificate is valid
# we should check here against the peer_certificate
my $cert = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate();
my $certid = eval { Net::SSLeay::OCSP_cert2ids($ssl,$cert) } or do {
warn "cannot get certid from cert: $@";
$cert_valid = -1;
return 1;
};
if ( $nextupd = eval {
Net::SSLeay::OCSP_response_results($resp,$certid) }) {
warn "certificate not revoked\n";
$cert_valid = 1;
} else {
warn "certificate not valid: $@";
$cert_valid = 0;
}
});
# do SSL handshake here
....
# check if certificate revocation was checked already
if ( ! defined $cert_valid) {
# check revocation outside of SSL handshake by asking OCSP responder
...
} elsif ( ! $cert_valid ) {
die "certificate not valid - closing SSL connection";
} elsif ( $cert_valid<0 ) {
die "cannot verify certificate revocation - self-signed ?";
} else {
# everything fine
...
}
=head2 Using Net::SSLeay in multi-threaded applications
B<IMPORTANT: versions 1.42 or earlier are not thread-safe!>
Net::SSLeay module implements all necessary stuff to be ready for multi-threaded
environment - it requires openssl-0.9.7 or newer. The implementation fully follows thread safety related requirements
of openssl library(see L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/threads.html>).
If you are about to use Net::SSLeay (or any other module based on Net::SSLeay) in multi-threaded
perl application it is recommended to follow this best-practice:
=head3 Initialization
Load and initialize Net::SSLeay module in the main thread:
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_master_job {
#... call whatever from Net::SSLeay
}
sub do_worker_job {
#... call whatever from Net::SSLeay
}
#start threads
my $master = threads->new(\&do_master_job, 'param1', 'param2');
my @workers = threads->new(\&do_worker_job, 'arg1', 'arg2') for (1..10);
#waiting for all threads to finish
$_->join() for (threads->list);
NOTE: Openssl's C<int SSL_library_init(void)> function (which is also aliased as
C<SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms>, C<OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms> and C<add_ssl_algorithms>)
is not re-entrant and multiple calls can cause a crash in threaded application.
Net::SSLeay implements flags preventing repeated calls to this function,
therefore even multiple initialization via Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms()
should work without trouble.
=head3 Using callbacks
Do not use callbacks across threads (the module blocks cross-thread callback operations
and throws a warning). Allways do the callback setup, callback use and callback destruction
within the same thread.
=head3 Using openssl elements
All openssl elements (X509, SSL_CTX, ...) can be directly passed between threads.
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_job {
my $context = shift;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" });
#...
}
my $c = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
threads->create(\&do_job, $c);
Or:
use threads;
use Net::SSLeay;
my $context; #does not need to be 'shared'
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
sub do_job {
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($context, sub { "secret" });
#...
}
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
threads->create(\&do_job);
=head3 Using other perl modules based on Net::SSLeay
It should be fine to use any other module based on L<Net::SSLeay> (like L<IO::Socket::SSL>)
in multi-threaded applications. It is generally recommended to do any global initialization
of such a module in the main thread before calling C<< threads->new(..) >> or
C<< threads->create(..) >> but it might differ module by module.
To be safe you can load and init Net::SSLeay explicitly in the main thread:
use Net::SSLeay;
use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
Or even safer:
use Net::SSLeay;
use Other::SSLeay::Based::Module;
BEGIN {
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
}
=head3 Combining Net::SSLeay with other modules linked with openssl
B<BEWARE: This might be a big trouble! This is not guaranteed be thread-safe!>
There are many other (XS) modules linked directly to openssl library (like L<Crypt::SSLeay>).
As it is expected that also "another" module will call C<SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms> at some point
we have again a trouble with multiple openssl initialization by Net::SSLeay and "another" module.
As you can expect Net::SSLeay is not able to avoid multiple initialization of openssl library
called by "another" module, thus you have to handle this on your own (in some cases it might
not be possible at all to avoid this).
=head3 Threading with get_https and friends
The convenience functions get_https, post_https etc all initialize the SSL library by calling
Net::SSLeay::initialize which does the conventional library initialization:
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
Net::SSLeay::initialize initializes the SSL library at most once.
You can override the Net::SSLeay::initialize function if you desire
some other type of initialization behaviour by get_https and friends.
You can call Net::SSLeay::initialize from your own code if you desire this conventional library initialization.
=head2 Convenience routines
To be used with Low level API
Net::SSLeay::randomize($rn_seed_file,$additional_seed);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, $cert_path, $key_path);
$cert = Net::SSLeay::dump_peer_certificate($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_CRLF($ssl [, $max_length]);
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_until($ssl [, $delimit [, $max_length]]);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_CRLF($ssl, $message);
=over
=item * randomize
seeds the openssl PRNG with C</dev/urandom> (see the top of C<SSLeay.pm>
for how to change or configure this) and optionally with user provided
data. It is very important to properly seed your random numbers, so
do not forget to call this. The high level API functions automatically
call C<randomize()> so it is not needed with them. See also caveats.
=item * set_cert_and_key
takes two file names as arguments and sets
the certificate and private key to those. This can be used to
set either server certificates or client certificates.
=item * dump_peer_certificate
allows you to get a plaintext description of the
certificate the peer (usually the server) presented to us.
=item * ssl_read_all
see ssl_write_all (below)
=item * ssl_write_all
C<ssl_read_all()> and C<ssl_write_all()> provide true blocking semantics for
these operations (see limitation, below, for explanation). These are
much preferred to the low level API equivalents (which implement BSD
blocking semantics). The message argument to C<ssl_write_all()> can be
a reference. This is helpful to avoid unnecessary copying when writing
something big, e.g:
$data = 'A' x 1000000000;
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, \$data) or die "ssl write failed";
=item * ssl_read_CRLF
uses C<ssl_read_all()> to read in a line terminated with a
carriage return followed by a linefeed (CRLF). The CRLF is included in
the returned scalar.
=item * ssl_read_until
uses C<ssl_read_all()> to read from the SSL input
stream until it encounters a programmer specified delimiter.
If the delimiter is undefined, C<$/> is used. If C<$/> is undefined,
C<\n> is used. One can optionally set a maximum length of bytes to read
from the SSL input stream.
=item * ssl_write_CRLF
writes C<$message> and appends CRLF to the SSL output stream.
=back
=head2 Initialization
In order to use the low level API you should start your programs with
the following incantation:
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); # Important!
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines(); # If you want built-in engines
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete(); # If you want built-in engines
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
=head2 Error handling functions
I can not emphasize the need to check for error enough. Use these
functions even in the most simple programs, they will reduce debugging
time greatly. Do not ask questions on the mailing list without having
first sprinkled these in your code.
=over
=item * die_now
=item * die_if_ssl_error
C<die_now()> and C<die_if_ssl_error()> are used to conveniently print the SSLeay error
stack when something goes wrong:
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) or die_now("Failed SSL connect ($!)");
Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, "foo") or die_if_ssl_error("SSL write ($!)");
=item * print_errs
You can also use C<Net::SSLeay::print_errs()> to dump the error stack without
exiting the program. As can be seen, your code becomes much more readable
if you import the error reporting functions into your main name space.
=back
=head2 Sockets
Perl uses file handles for all I/O. While SSLeay has a quite flexible BIO
mechanism and perl has an evolved PerlIO mechanism, this module still
sticks to using file descriptors. Thus to attach SSLeay to a socket you
should use C<fileno()> to extract the underlying file descriptor:
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno
You should also set C<$|> to 1 to eliminate STDIO buffering so you do not
get confused if you use perl I/O functions to manipulate your socket
handle.
If you need to C<select(2)> on the socket, go right ahead, but be warned
that OpenSSL does some internal buffering so SSL_read does not always
return data even if the socket selected for reading (just keep on
selecting and trying to read). C<Net::SSLeay> is no different from the
C language OpenSSL in this respect.
=head2 Callbacks
You can establish a per-context verify callback function something like this:
sub verify {
my ($ok, $x509_store_ctx) = @_;
print "Verifying certificate...\n";
...
return $ok;
}
It is used like this:
Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl, Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_PEER, \&verify);
Per-context callbacks for decrypting private keys are implemented.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, sub { "top-secret" });
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, "key.pem",
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM)
or die "Error reading private key";
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, undef);
If Hello Extensions are supported by your OpenSSL,
a session secret callback can be set up to be called when a session secret is set
by openssl.
Establish it like this:
Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, \&session_secret_cb, $somedata);
It will be called like this:
sub session_secret_cb
{
my ($secret, \@cipherlist, \$preferredcipher, $somedata) = @_;
}
No other callbacks are implemented. You do not need to use any
callback for simple (i.e. normal) cases where the SSLeay built-in
verify mechanism satisfies your needs.
It is required to reset these callbacks to undef immediately after use to prevent
memory leaks, thread safety problems and crashes on exit that
can occur if different threads set different callbacks.
If you want to use callback stuff, see examples/callback.pl! It's the
only one I am able to make work reliably.
=head2 Low level API
In addition to the high level functions outlined above, this module
contains straight-forward access to CRYPTO and SSL parts of OpenSSL C API.
See the C<*.h> headers from OpenSSL C distribution for a list of low level
SSLeay functions to call (check SSLeay.xs to see if some function has been
implemented). The module strips the initial C<"SSL_"> off of the SSLeay names.
Generally you should use C<Net::SSLeay::> in its place.
Note that some functions are prefixed with C<"P_"> - these are very close to
the original API however contain some kind of a wrapper making its interface
more perl friendly.
For example:
In C:
#include <ssl.h>
err = SSL_set_verify (ssl, SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
&your_call_back_here);
In Perl:
use Net::SSLeay;
$err = Net::SSLeay::set_verify ($ssl,
Net::SSLeay::VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
\&your_call_back_here);
If the function does not start with C<SSL_> you should use the full
function name, e.g.:
$err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error;
The following new functions behave in perlish way:
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
# Performs SSL_read, but returns $got
# resized according to data received.
# Returns undef on failure.
Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $foo) || die;
# Performs SSL_write, but automatically
# figures out the size of $foo
=head3 Low level API: Version related functions
=over
=item * SSLeay
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Gives version number (numeric) of underlaying openssl library.
my $ver_number = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay();
# returns: the number identifying the openssl release
#
# 0x00903100 => openssl-0.9.3
# 0x00904100 => openssl-0.9.4
# 0x00905100 => openssl-0.9.5
# 0x0090600f => openssl-0.9.6
# 0x0090601f => openssl-0.9.6a
# 0x0090602f => openssl-0.9.6b
# ...
# 0x009060df => openssl-0.9.6m
# 0x0090700f => openssl-0.9.7
# 0x0090701f => openssl-0.9.7a
# 0x0090702f => openssl-0.9.7b
# ...
# 0x009070df => openssl-0.9.7m
# 0x0090800f => openssl-0.9.8
# 0x0090801f => openssl-0.9.8a
# 0x0090802f => openssl-0.9.8b
# ...
# 0x0090814f => openssl-0.9.8t
# 0x1000000f => openssl-1.0.0
# 0x1000004f => openssl-1.0.0d
# 0x1000007f => openssl-1.0.0g
You can use it like this:
if (Net::SSLeay::SSLeay() < 0x0090800f) {
die "you need openssl-0.9.8 or higher";
}
=item * SSLeay_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Gives version number (string) of underlaying openssl library.
my $ver_string = Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version($type);
# $type
# 0 (=SSLEAY_VERSION) - e.g. 'OpenSSL 1.0.0d 8 Feb 2011'
# 2 (=SSLEAY_CFLAGS) - e.g. 'compiler: gcc -D_WINDLL -DOPENSSL_USE_APPLINK .....'
# 3 (=SSLEAY_BUILT_ON)- e.g. 'built on: Fri May 6 00:00:46 GMT 2011'
# 4 (=SSLEAY_PLATFORM)- e.g. 'platform: mingw'
#
# returns: string
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version();
#is equivalent to
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_version(0);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/SSLeay_version.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/SSLeay_version.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: Initialization related functions
=over
=item * library_init
Initialize SSL library by registering algorithms.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::library_init();
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_library_init.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_library_init.html>
While the original function from OpenSSL always returns 1, Net::SSLeay adds a
wrapper around it to make sure that the OpenSSL function is only called once.
Thus the function will return 1 if initialization was done and 0 if not, i.e. if
initialization was done already before.
=item * add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for L</library_init>
Net::SSLeay::add_ssl_algorithms();
=item * OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for L</library_init>
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_ssl_algorithms();
=item * SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms
The alias for L</library_init>
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
=item * load_error_strings
Registers the error strings for all libcrypto + libssl related functions.
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html>
=item * ERR_load_crypto_strings
Registers the error strings for all libcrypto functions. No need to call this function if you have already called L</load_error_strings>.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_crypto_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_load_crypto_strings.html>
=item * ERR_load_RAND_strings
Registers the error strings for RAND related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called L</load_error_strings>.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_RAND_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
=item * ERR_load_SSL_strings
Registers the error strings for SSL related functions. No need to call this function if you have already called L</load_error_strings>.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_load_SSL_strings();
#
# returns: no return value
=item * OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Add algorithms to internal table.
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html>
=item * OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Similar to L</OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms> - will ALWAYS load the config file
Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_conf();
#
# returns: no return value
=item * OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Similar to L</OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms> - will NEVER load the config file
Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf();
#
# returns: no return value
=back
=head3 Low level API: ERR_* and SSL_alert_* related functions
B<NOTE:> Please note that SSL_alert_* function have "SSL_" part stripped from their names.
=over
=item * ERR_clear_error
Clear the error queue.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_clear_error();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_clear_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_clear_error.html>
=item * ERR_error_string
Generates a human-readable string representing the error code $error.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string($error);
# $error - (unsigned integer) error code
#
# returns: string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_error_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_error_string.html>
=item * ERR_get_error
Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue and removes the entry.
This function can be called repeatedly until there are no more error codes to return.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error();
#
# returns: (unsigned integer) error code
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html>
=item * ERR_peek_error
Returns the earliest error code from the thread's error queue without modifying it.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ERR_peek_error();
#
# returns: (unsigned integer) error code
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_get_error.html>
=item * ERR_put_error
Adds an error code to the thread's error queue. It signals that the error of $reason
code reason occurred in function $func of library $lib, in line number $line of $file.
Net::SSLeay::ERR_put_error($lib, $func, $reason, $file, $line);
# $lib - (integer) library id (check openssl/err.h for constants e.g. ERR_LIB_SSL)
# $func - (integer) function id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_F_SSL23_READ)
# $reason - (integer) reason id (check openssl/ssl.h for constants e.g. SSL_R_SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE)
# $file - (string) file name
# $line - (integer) line number in $file
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_put_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/ERR_put_error.html>
and L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/err.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/err.html>
=item * alert_desc_string
Returns a two letter string as a short form describing the reason of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: description string (2 letters)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
=item * alert_desc_string_long
Returns a string describing the reason of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_desc_string_long($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: description string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
=item * alert_type_string
Returns a one letter string indicating the type of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: string (1 letter)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
=item * alert_type_string_long
Returns a string indicating the type of the alert specified by value.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::alert_type_string_long($value);
# $value - (integer) allert id (check openssl/ssl.h for SSL3_AD_* and TLS1_AD_* constants)
#
# returns: string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_alert_type_string.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: SSL_METHOD_* related functions
=over
=item * SSLv2_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv2 method, the return value can be later used as a param of L</CTX_new_with_method>. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv2_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
=item * SSLv3_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to SSLv3 method, the return value can be later used as a param of L</CTX_new_with_method>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSLv3_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=item * TLSv1_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1 method, the return value can be later used as a param of L</CTX_new_with_method>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=item * TLSv1_1_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_1 method, the return value can be later used as a param of L</CTX_new_with_method>. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1__1method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=item * TLSv1_2_method
Returns SSL_METHOD structure corresponding to TLSv1_2 method, the return value can be later used as a param of L</CTX_new_with_method>. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_2_method();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: ENGINE_* related functions
=over
=item * ENGINE_load_builtin_engines
Load all bundled ENGINEs into memory and make them visible.
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
=item * ENGINE_register_all_complete
Register all loaded ENGINEs for every algorithm they collectively implement.
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete();
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
=item * ENGINE_set_default
Set default engine to $e + set its flags to $flags.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_set_default($e, $flags);
# $e - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure
# $flags - (integer) engine flags
# flags value can be made by bitwise "OR"ing:
# 0x0001 - ENGINE_METHOD_RSA
# 0x0002 - ENGINE_METHOD_DSA
# 0x0004 - ENGINE_METHOD_DH
# 0x0008 - ENGINE_METHOD_RAND
# 0x0010 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDH
# 0x0020 - ENGINE_METHOD_ECDSA
# 0x0040 - ENGINE_METHOD_CIPHERS
# 0x0080 - ENGINE_METHOD_DIGESTS
# 0x0100 - ENGINE_METHOD_STORE
# 0x0200 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_METHS
# 0x0400 - ENGINE_METHOD_PKEY_ASN1_METHS
# Obvious all-or-nothing cases:
# 0xFFFF - ENGINE_METHOD_ALL
# 0x0000 - ENGINE_METHOD_NONE
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
=item * ENGINE_by_id
Get ENGINE by its identification $id.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_by_id($id);
# $id - (string) engine identification e.g. "dynamic"
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/engine.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: EVP_PKEY_* related functions
=over
=item * EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters
Copies the parameters from key $from to key $to.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_copy_parameters($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_cmp.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_cmp.html>
=item * EVP_PKEY_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new EVP_PKEY structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html>
=item * EVP_PKEY_free
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated EVP_PKEY structure.
Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_free($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_new.html>
=item * EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Set the key referenced by $pkey to $key
B<NOTE:> In accordance with the OpenSSL naming convention the $key assigned
to the $pkey using the "1" functions must be freed as well as $pkey.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA($pkey, $key);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $key - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA.html>
=item * EVP_PKEY_bits
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the size of the key $pkey in bits.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_bits($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: size in bits
=item * EVP_PKEY_size
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the maximum size of a signature in bytes. The actual signature may be smaller.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_size($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: the maximum size in bytes
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_SignInit.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_SignInit.html>
=item * EVP_PKEY_id
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0
Returns $pkey type (integer value of corresponding NID).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pkey);
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: (integer) key type
Example:
my $pubkey = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x509);
my $type = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_id($pubkey);
print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($type); #prints e.g. 'rsaEncryption'
=back
=head3 Low level API: PEM_* related functions
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/pem.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/pem.html>
=over
=item * PEM_read_bio_X509
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
=item * PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio, $x=NULL, $cb=NULL, $u=NULL);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
=item * PEM_read_bio_DHparams
Reads DH structure from BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_DHparams($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's DH structure (0 on failure)
=item * PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL
Reads X509_CRL structure from BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL($bio);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
=item * PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads PEM formatted private key via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, $cb, $data);
# $bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $cb - reference to perl callback function
# $data - data that will be passed to callback function (see examples below)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'r');
my $privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); #ask for password if needed
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
To use password you have the following options:
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func); # use callback func for getting password
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, \&callback_func, $data); # use callback_func + pass $data to callback_func
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, "secret"); # use password "secret"
$privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio, undef, ""); # use empty password
Callback function signature:
sub callback_func {
my ($max_passwd_size, $rwflag, $data) = @_;
# $max_passwd_size - maximum size of returned password (longer values will be discarded)
# $rwflag - indicates whether we are loading (0) or storing (1) - for PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey always 0
# $data - the data passed to PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey as 3rd parameter
return "secret";
}
=item * PEM_get_string_X509
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Converts/exports X509 certificate to string (PEM format).
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($x509);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: string with $x509 in PEM format
=item * PEM_get_string_PrivateKey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts public key $pk into PEM formatted string (optionally protected with password).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, $passwd, $enc_alg);
# $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $passwd - [optional] (string) password to use for key encryption
# $enc_alg - [optional] algorithm to use for key encryption (default: DES_CBC) - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: PEM formatted string
Examples:
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk);
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret");
$pem_privkey = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($pk, "secret", Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname("DES-EDE3-CBC"));
=item * PEM_get_string_X509_CRL
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts X509_CRL object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string.
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_CRL($x509_crl);
# $x509_crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * PEM_get_string_X509_REQ
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Converts X509_REQ object $x509_crl into PEM formatted string.
Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509_REQ($x509_req);
# $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: no return value
=back
=head3 Low level API: d2i_* (DER format) related functions
=over
=item * d2i_X509_bio
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509 certificate via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509 = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/d2i_X509.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/d2i_X509.html>
=item * d2i_X509_CRL_bio
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509_CRL object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509_crl = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_CRL_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
=item * d2i_X509_REQ_bio
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads DER formatted X509_REQ object via given BIO structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bp);
# $bp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
Example:
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, 'rb');
my $x509_req = Net::SSLeay::d2i_X509_REQ_bio($bio);
Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio);
=back
=head3 Low level API: PKCS12 related functions
=over
=item * P_PKCS12_load_file
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Loads X509 certificate + private key + certificates of CA chain (if present in PKCS12 file).
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, $load_chain, $password);
# $filename - name of PKCS12 file
# $load_chain - [optional] whether load (1) or not(0) CA chain (default: 0)
# $password - [optional] password for private key
#
# returns: triplet ($privkey, $cert, @cachain)
# $privkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# @cachain - array of values corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (empty if no CA chain in PKCS12)
B<IMPORTANT NOTE:> after you do the job you need to call X509_free() on $privkey + all members
of @cachain and EVP_PKEY_free() on $privkey.
Examples:
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 0, $password);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1);
#or
my ($privkey, $cert, @cachain) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password);
#BEWARE: THIS IS WRONG - MEMORY LEAKS! (you cannot free @cachain items)
my ($privkey, $cert) = Net::SSLeay::P_PKCS12_load_file($filename, 1, $password);
=back
=head3 Low level API: SESSION_* related functions
=over
=item * d2i_SSL_SESSION
Transforms the external ASN1 representation of an SSL/TLS session, stored as binary data
at location pp with length of $length, into an SSL_SESSION object.
??? (does this function really work?)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::d2i_SSL_SESSION($a, $pp, $length);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $pp - pointer/buffer ???
# $length - ???
#
# returns: ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html>
=item * i2d_SSL_SESSION
Transforms the SSL_SESSION object in into the ASN1 representation and stores it
into the memory location pointed to by pp. The length of the resulting ASN1
representation is returned.
??? (does this function really work?)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::i2d_SSL_SESSION($in, $pp);
# $in - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $pp - pointer/data ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/d2i_SSL_SESSION.html>
=item * SESSION_new
Creates a new SSL_SESSION structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
=item * SESSION_free
Free an allocated SSL_SESSION structure.
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_free($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_free.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_free.html>
=item * SESSION_cmp
Compare two SSL_SESSION structures.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_cmp($sesa, $sesb);
# $sesa - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $sesb - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 0 if the two structures are the same
B<NOTE:> Not available in openssl 1.0 or later
=item * SESSION_get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_app_data($ses);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
=item * SESSION_set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_app_data($s, $a);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $a - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
=item * SESSION_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from session $ses.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_data($ses, $idx);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * SESSION_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at arg for idx into the session object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_ex_data($ss, $idx, $data);
# $ss - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * SESSION_get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * SESSION_get_master_key
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Returns 'master_key' value from SSL_SESSION structure $s
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_master_key($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: master key (binary data)
=item * SESSION_set_master_key
Sets 'master_key' value for SSL_SESSION structure $s
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_master_key($s, $key);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $key - master key (binary data)
#
# returns: no return value
=item * SESSION_get_time
Returns the time at which the session s was established.
The time is given in seconds since 1.1.1970.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_time($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
=item * get_time
Technically the same functionality as L</SESSION_get_time>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_time($s);
=item * SESSION_get_timeout
Returns the timeout value set for session $s in seconds.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_get_timeout($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: timeout (in seconds)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
=item * get_timeout
Technically the same functionality as L</SESSION_get_timeout>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_timeout($s);
=item * SESSION_print
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id ...) to BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($fp, $ses);
# $fp - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You have to use necessary BIO functions like this:
# let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new(&Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem);
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print($bio, $ses);
print Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($bio);
=item * SESSION_print_fp
Prints session details (e.g. protocol version, cipher, session-id ...) to file handle.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fp, $ses);
# $fp - perl file handle
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Example:
# let us have $ssl corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
my $ses = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
open my $fh, ">", "output.txt";
Net::SSLeay::SESSION_print_fp($fh,$ses);
=item * SESSION_set_time
Replaces the creation time of the session s with the chosen value $t (seconds since 1.1.1970).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_time($ses, $t);
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $t - time value
#
# returns: 1 on success
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
=item * set_time
Technically the same functionality as L</SESSION_set_time>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_time($ses, $t);
=item * SESSION_set_timeout
Sets the timeout value for session s in seconds to $t.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SESSION_set_timeout($s, $t);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
# $t - timeout (in seconds)
#
# returns: 1 on success
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_SESSION_get_time.html>
=item * set_timeout
Technically the same functionality as L</SESSION_set_timeout>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_timeout($ses, $t);
=back
=head3 Low level API: SSL_CTX_* related functions
B<NOTE:> Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped from their original openssl names.
=over
=item * CTX_add_client_CA
Adds the CA name extracted from $cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_client_CA($ctx, $cacert);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cacert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
=item * CTX_add_extra_chain_cert
Adds the certificate $x509 to the certificate chain presented together with the certificate. Several certificates can be added one after the other.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_extra_chain_cert($ctx, $x509);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, check out the error stack to find out the reason for failure otherwise
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert.html>
=item * CTX_add_session
Adds the session $ses to the context $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_add_session($ctx, $ses);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html>
=item * CTX_callback_ctrl
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_callback_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $fp);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $fp - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
=item * CTX_check_private_key
Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_check_private_key($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_ctrl
Internal handling function for SSL_CTX objects.
B<BEWARE:> openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly!
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_ctrl($ctx, $cmd, $larg, $parg);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $larg - (integer) long ???
# $parg - (string/pointer) ???
#
# returns: (long) result of given command ???
#valid $cmd values
1 - SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA
2 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA
3 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH
4 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH
5 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA_CB
6 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH_CB
7 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_ECDH_CB
8 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESSION_REUSED
9 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_REQUEST
10 - SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS
11 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS
12 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS
13 - SSL_CTRL_GET_FLAGS
14 - SSL_CTRL_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERT
15 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK
16 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MSG_CALLBACK_ARG
17 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MTU
20 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_NUMBER
21 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT
22 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_GOOD
23 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CONNECT_RENEGOTIATE
24 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT
25 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_GOOD
26 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_ACCEPT_RENEGOTIATE
27 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_HIT
28 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CB_HIT
29 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_MISSES
30 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_TIMEOUTS
31 - SSL_CTRL_SESS_CACHE_FULL
32 - SSL_CTRL_OPTIONS
33 - SSL_CTRL_MODE
40 - SSL_CTRL_GET_READ_AHEAD
41 - SSL_CTRL_SET_READ_AHEAD
42 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE
43 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_SIZE
44 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE
45 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SESS_CACHE_MODE
50 - SSL_CTRL_GET_MAX_CERT_LIST
51 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_CERT_LIST
52 - SSL_CTRL_SET_MAX_SEND_FRAGMENT
53 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_CB
54 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_SERVERNAME_ARG
55 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
56 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_CB
57 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_DEBUG_ARG
58 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS
59 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEYS
60 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT
61 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB
62 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_OPAQUE_PRF_INPUT_CB_ARG
63 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB
64 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_CB_ARG
65 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_TYPE
66 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS
67 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_EXTS
68 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS
69 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_IDS
70 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP
71 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_STATUS_REQ_OCSP_RESP
72 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_TICKET_KEY_CB
73 - DTLS_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT
74 - DTLS_CTRL_HANDLE_TIMEOUT
75 - DTLS_CTRL_LISTEN
76 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RI_SUPPORT
77 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_OPTIONS
78 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_MODE
82 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS
83 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_EXTRA_CHAIN_CERTS
88 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN
89 - SSL_CTRL_CHAIN_CERT
90 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CURVES
91 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES
92 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CURVES_LIST
93 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SHARED_CURVE
94 - SSL_CTRL_SET_ECDH_AUTO
97 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS
98 - SSL_CTRL_SET_SIGALGS_LIST
99 - SSL_CTRL_CERT_FLAGS
100 - SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_CERT_FLAGS
101 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS
102 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_SIGALGS_LIST
103 - SSL_CTRL_GET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES
104 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CLIENT_CERT_TYPES
105 - SSL_CTRL_BUILD_CERT_CHAIN
106 - SSL_CTRL_SET_VERIFY_CERT_STORE
107 - SSL_CTRL_SET_CHAIN_CERT_STORE
108 - SSL_CTRL_GET_PEER_SIGNATURE_NID
109 - SSL_CTRL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY
110 - SSL_CTRL_GET_RAW_CIPHERLIST
111 - SSL_CTRL_GET_EC_POINT_FORMATS
112 - SSL_CTRL_GET_TLSA_RECORD
113 - SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSA_RECORD
114 - SSL_CTRL_PULL_TLSA_RECORD
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
=item * CTX_flush_sessions
Causes a run through the session cache of $ctx to remove sessions expired at time $tm.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_flush_sessions($ctx, $tm);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $tm - specifies the time which should be used for the expiration test (seconds since 1.1.1970)
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_flush_sessions.html>
=item * CTX_free
Free an allocated SSL_CTX object.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_free.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_free.html>
=item * CTX_get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_app_data($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
=item * CTX_set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_app_data($ctx, $arg);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
=item * CTX_get_cert_store
Returns the current certificate verification storage.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_cert_store($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html>
=item * CTX_get_client_CA_list
Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ctx using L</CTX_set_client_CA_list>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_client_CA_list($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html>
=item * CTX_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for index $idx from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_data($ssl, $idx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * CTX_get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * CTX_get_mode
Returns the mode set for ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE
0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER
0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY
0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN
0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
=item * CTX_set_mode
Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ctx. Options already set before are not cleared.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode bitmask
#
# returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode
For bitmask details see L</CTX_get_mode> (above).
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
=item * CTX_get_options
Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_options($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: options (bitmask)
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x00000001 corresponds to SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG
0x00000002 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG
0x00000004 corresponds to SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
0x00000008 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
0x00000010 corresponds to SSL_OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG
0x00000020 corresponds to SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER
0x00000040 corresponds to SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING
0x00000080 corresponds to SSL_OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG
0x00000100 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_D5_BUG
0x00000200 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG
0x00000800 corresponds to SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
0x80000FFF corresponds to SSL_OP_ALL
0x00001000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU
0x00002000 corresponds to SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE
0x00004000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TICKET
0x00008000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT
0x00010000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION
0x00020000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION
0x00040000 corresponds to SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION
0x00080000 corresponds to SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE
0x00100000 corresponds to SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
0x00200000 corresponds to SSL_OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA
0x00400000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
0x00800000 corresponds to SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG
0x01000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2
0x02000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3
0x04000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1
0x08000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1
0x10000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2
0x20000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG
0x40000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
0x80000000 corresponds to SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
=item * CTX_set_options
Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to ctx. Options already set before are not cleared.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, $options);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $options - options bitmask
#
# returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options
For bitmask details see L</CTX_get_options> (above).
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
=item * CTX_get_quiet_shutdown
Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_quiet_shutdown($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) the current setting
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
=item * CTX_get_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_read_ahead($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) read_ahead value
=item * CTX_get_session_cache_mode
Returns the currently used cache mode (bitmask).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_session_cache_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x0000 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF
0x0001 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT
0x0002 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER
0x0080 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR
0x0100 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP
0x0200 corresponds to SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html>
=item * CTX_set_session_cache_mode
Enables/disables session caching by setting the operational mode for $ctx to $mode.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
#
# returns: previously set cache mode
For bitmask details see L</CTX_get_session_cache_mode> (above).
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode.html>
=item * CTX_get_timeout
Returns the currently set timeout value for $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_timeout($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: timeout in seconds
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html>
=item * CTX_get_verify_depth
Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ctx. If no limit has been explicitly set, -1 is returned and the default value will be used.",
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_depth($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: depth limit currently set in $ctx, -1 if no limit has been explicitly set
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
=item * CTX_get_verify_mode
Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_verify_mode($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0x00 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_NONE
0x01 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_PEER
0x02 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
0x04 corresponds to SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE
(note: some of the bits might not be supported by older openssl versions)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
=item * CTX_set_verify
Sets the verification flags for $ctx to be $mode and specifies the verify_callback function to be used.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify($ctx, $mode, $callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
# $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function
#
# returns: no return value
For bitmask details see L</CTX_get_verify_mode> (above).
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
=item * CTX_load_verify_locations
Specifies the locations for $ctx, at which CA certificates for verification purposes are located. The certificates available via $CAfile and $CApath are trusted.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_load_verify_locations($ctx, $CAfile, $CApath);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $CAfile - (string) file of CA certificates in PEM format, the file can contain several CA certificates (or '')
# $CApath - (string) directory containing CA certificates in PEM format (or '')
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (check the error stack to find out the reason)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html>
=item * CTX_need_tmp_RSA
Return the result of C<SSL_CTX_ctrl(ctx,SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA,0,NULL)>
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_need_tmp_RSA($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: result of SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command
=item * CTX_new
The same as L</CTX_v23_new>
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=item * CTX_v2_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv2_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v2_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_v23_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv23_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v23_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_v3_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on SSLv3_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v3_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_tlsv1_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_tlsv1_1_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_1_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL
enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_1_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_tlsv1_2_new
Creates a new SSL_CTX object - based on TLSv1_2_method() - as framework to establish TLS/SSL
enabled connections. Only available where supported by the underlying openssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_2_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
=item * CTX_new_with_method
Creates a new SSL_CTX object based on $meth method
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method($meth);
# $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
#example
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new_with_method(&Net::SSLeay::TLSv1_method);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html>
=item * CTX_remove_session
Removes the session $ses from the context $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_remove_session($ctx, $ses);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_add_session.html>
=item * CTX_sess_accept
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_accept_good
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_good($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of start renegotiations in server mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_cache_full
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cache_full($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions that were removed because the maximum session cache size was exceeded
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_cb_hits
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_cb_hits($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully retrieved sessions from the external session cache in server mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_connect
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_connect_good
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_good($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of start renegotiations in client mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_get_cache_size
Returns the currently valid session cache size.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_get_cache_size($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: current size
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html>
=item * CTX_sess_hits
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_hits($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of successfully reused sessions
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_misses
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_misses($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found in the internal session cache in server mode
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_number
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_number($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: current number of sessions in the internal session cache
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sess_set_cache_size
Sets the size of the internal session cache of context $ctx to $size.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_set_cache_size($ctx, $size);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $size - cache size (0 = unlimited)
#
# returns: previously valid size
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size.html>
=item * CTX_sess_timeouts
Returns the number of sessions proposed by clients and either found in the internal or external session cache in
server mode, but that were invalid due to timeout. These sessions are not included in the SSL_CTX_sess_hits count.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sess_timeouts($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: number of sessions
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>
=item * CTX_sessions
Returns a pointer to the lhash databases containing the internal session cache for ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_sessions($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's LHASH structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sessions.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sessions.html>
=item * CTX_set1_param
Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ctx
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set1_param($ctx, $vpm);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * CTX_set_cert_store
Sets/replaces the certificate verification storage of $ctx to/with $store.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_store($ctx, $store);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_store.html>
=item * CTX_set_cert_verify_callback
Sets the verification callback function for $ctx. SSL objects that are created from $ctx
inherit the setting valid at the time when C<Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)> is called.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cert_verify_callback($ctx, $func, $data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_cipher_list
Sets the list of available ciphers for $ctx using the control string $str.
The list of ciphers is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($s, $str);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
The format of $str is described in L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html>
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
=item * CTX_set_client_CA_list
Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate for $ctx.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list($ctx, $list);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $list - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_STACK structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
=item * CTX_set_default_passwd_cb
Sets the default password callback called when loading/storing a PEM certificate with encryption.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb($ctx, $func);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
=item * CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata
Sets a pointer to userdata which will be provided to the password callback on invocation.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata($ctx, $userdata);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $userdata - data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb.html>
=item * CTX_set_default_verify_paths
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_default_verify_paths($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * CTX_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ctx object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * CTX_set_purpose
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_purpose($s, $purpose);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#avainable purpose identifier
1 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT
2 - X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER
3 - X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER
4 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN
5 - X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT
6 - X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN
7 - X509_PURPOSE_ANY
8 - X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER
9 - X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN
#or use corresponding constants
$purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT;
...
$purpose = &Net::SSLeay::X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN;
=item * CTX_set_quiet_shutdown
Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ctx to be mode. SSL objects created from $ctx inherit the mode valid at the time C<Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)> is called.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_quiet_shutdown($ctx, $mode);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $mode - 0 or 1
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
=item * CTX_set_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_read_ahead($ctx, $val);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $val - read_ahead value to be set
#
# returns: the original read_ahead value
=item * CTX_set_session_id_context
Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ctx object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_id_context($ctx, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $sid_ctx - data buffer
# $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (the error is logged to the error stack)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html>
=item * CTX_set_ssl_version
Sets a new default TLS/SSL method for SSL objects newly created from this $ctx.
SSL objects already created with C<Net::SSLeay::new($ctx)> are not
affected, except when C<Net::SSLeay:clear($ssl)> is being called.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_ssl_version($ctx, $meth);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $meth - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
=item * CTX_set_timeout
Sets the timeout for newly created sessions for $ctx to $t. The timeout value $t must be given in seconds.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_timeout($ctx, $t);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $t - timeout in seconds
#
# returns: previously set timeout value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_timeout.html>
=item * CTX_set_tmp_dh
Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh. The key is inherited by all ssl objects created from $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh($ctx, $dh);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback
Sets the callback function for $ctx to be used when a DH parameters are required to $tmp_dh_callback.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback($ctx, $tmp_dh_callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# tmp_dh_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_tmp_rsa
Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used to be $rsa.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa($ctx, $rsa);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback
Sets the callback function for ctx to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback($ctx, $tmp_rsa_callback);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_trust
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_trust($s, $trust);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: the original value
#available trust identifiers
1 - X509_TRUST_COMPAT
2 - X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT
3 - X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER
4 - X509_TRUST_EMAIL
5 - X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN
6 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN
7 - X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST
8 - X509_TRUST_TSA
#or use corresponding constants
$trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_COMPAT;
...
$trust = &Net::SSLeay::X509_TRUST_TSA;
=item * CTX_set_verify_depth
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for ctx.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_verify_depth($ctx, $depth);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $depth - max. depth
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
=item * CTX_use_PKCS12_file
Adds the certificate and private key from PKCS12 file $p12filename to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PKCS12_file($ctx, $p12filename, $password);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $p12filename - (string) filename
# $password - (string) password to decrypt private key
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * CTX_use_PrivateKey
Adds the private key $pkey to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey($ctx, $pkey);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_use_PrivateKey_file
Adds the first private key found in $file to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_PrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey
Adds the RSA private key $rsa to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey($ctx, $rsa);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file
Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
=item * CTX_use_certificate
Loads the certificate $x into $ctx
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate($ctx, $x);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_use_certificate_chain_file
Loads a certificate chain from $file into $ctx. The certificates must be in PEM format and must be sorted
starting with the subject's certificate (actual client or server certificate), followed by intermediate
CA certificates if applicable, and ending at the highest level (root) CA.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_chain_file($ctx, $file);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * CTX_use_certificate_file
Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: SSL_* related functions
B<NOTE:> Please note that the function described in this chapter have "SSL_" part stripped from their original openssl names.
=over
=item * new
Creates a new SSL structure which is needed to hold the data for a TLS/SSL connection.
The new structure inherits the settings of the underlying context $ctx: connection
method (SSLv2/v3/TLSv1), options, verification settings, timeout settings.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_new.html>
=item * accept
Waits for a TLS/SSL client to initiate the TLS/SSL handshake. The communication
channel must already have been set and assigned to the ssl by setting an underlying BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_accept.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_accept.html>
=item * add_client_CA
Adds the CA name extracted from cacert to the list of CAs sent to the client
when requesting a client certificate for the chosen ssl, overriding the setting
valid for ssl's SSL_CTX object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_client_CA($ssl, $x);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
=item * callback_ctrl
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::callback_ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $fp);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $fp - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
=item * check_private_key
Checks the consistency of a private key with the corresponding certificate loaded into $ssl
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::check_private_key($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * clear
Reset SSL object to allow another connection.
Net::SSLeay::clear($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_clear.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_clear.html>
=item * connect
Initiate the TLS/SSL handshake with an TLS/SSL server.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html>
=item * copy_session_id
Copies the session structure fro $from to $to (+ also the private key and certificate associated with $from).
Net::SSLeay::copy_session_id($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * ctrl
Internal handling function for SSL objects.
B<BEWARE:> openssl doc says: This function should never be called directly!
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ctrl($ssl, $cmd, $larg, $parg);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cmd - (integer) command id
# $larg - (integer) long ???
# $parg - (string/pointer) ???
#
# returns: (long) result of given command ???
For more details about valid $cmd values check L</CTX_ctrl>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_ctrl.html>
=item * do_handshake
Will wait for a SSL/TLS handshake to take place. If the connection is in client
mode, the handshake will be started. The handshake routines may have to be
explicitly set in advance using either SSL_set_connect_state or SSL_set_accept_state(3).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::do_handshake($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 = success, 0 = handshake not successfull, <0 = fatal error during handshake
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_do_handshake.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_do_handshake.html>
=item * dup
Returns a duplicate of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::dup($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure (0 on failure)
=item * free
Free an allocated SSL structure.
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_free.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_free.html>
=item * get_SSL_CTX
Returns a pointer to the SSL_CTX object, from which $ssl was created with Net::SSLeay::new.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_SSL_CTX($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_SSL_CTX.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_SSL_CTX.html>
=item * set_SSL_CTX
Sets the SSL_CTX the corresponds to an SSL session.
my $the_ssl_ctx = Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $ssl_ctx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ssl_ctx - Change the ssl object to the given ssl_ctx
#
# returns - the ssl_ctx
=item * get_app_data
Can be used to get application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_app_data($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: string/buffer/pointer ???
=item * set_app_data
Can be used to set some application defined value/data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_app_data($ssl, $arg);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $arg - (string/buffer/pointer ???) data
#
# returns: ???
=item * get_certificate
Gets X509 certificate from an established SSL connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_certificate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
=item * get_cipher
Obtains the name of the currently used cipher.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA' or '', when no session has been established.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html>
=item * get_cipher_bits
Obtain the number of secret/algorithm bits used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_bits($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: number of secret bits used by current cipher
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html>
and L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
=item * get_cipher_list
Returns the name (string) of the SSL_CIPHER listed for $ssl with priority $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $n);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $n - (integer) priority
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA' or '' in case of error
Call Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list with priority starting from 0 to obtain
the sorted list of available ciphers, until '' is returned:
my $priority = 0;
while (my $c = Net::SSLeay::get_cipher_list($ssl, $priority)) {
print "cipher[$priority] = $c\n";
$priority++;
}
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ciphers.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ciphers.html>
=item * get_client_CA_list
Returns the list of client CAs explicitly set for $ssl using C<Net::SSleay::set_client_CA_list>
or $ssl's SSL_CTX object with C<Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_client_CA_list>, when in server mode.
In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server, if any.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_client_CA_list($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_client_CA_list.html>
=item * get_current_cipher
Returns the cipher actually used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_current_cipher.html>
=item * get_default_timeout
Returns the default timeout value assigned to SSL_SESSION objects negotiated for the protocol valid for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_default_timeout($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (long) timeout in seconds
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_default_timeout.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_default_timeout.html>
=item * get_error
Returns a result code for a preceding call to C<connect>, C<accept>, C<do_handshake>, C<read>, C<peek> or C<write> on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_error($ssl, $ret);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ret - return value of preceding TLS/SSL I/O operation
#
# returns: result code, which is one of the following values:
# 0 - SSL_ERROR_NONE
# 1 - SSL_ERROR_SSL
# 2 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
# 3 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
# 4 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP
# 5 - SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
# 6 - SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN
# 7 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT
# 8 - SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html>
=item * get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_data($ssl, $idx);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at $data for $idx into the $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ex_data($ssl, $idx, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * get_ex_new_index
Is used to register a new index for application specific data.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ex_new_index($argl, $argp, $new_func, $dup_func, $free_func);
# $argl - (long) ???
# $argp - (pointer) ???
# $new_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_new *)
# $dup_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_dup *)
# $free_func - function pointer ??? (CRYPTO_EX_free *)
#
# returns: (integer) ???
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_ex_new_index.html>
=item * get_fd
Returns the file descriptor which is linked to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_fd($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: file descriptor (>=0) or -1 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_fd.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_fd.html>
=item * get_finished
Obtains the latest 'Finished' message sent to the peer.
??? (does this function really work?)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_finished($ssl, $buf, $count);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored (pointer ???, pre-allocated ???)
# $count - max. size of return data
#
# returns: actual size of the returned data in $buf
=item * get_peer_finished
Obtains the latest 'Finished' message expected from the peer.
??? (does this function really work?)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_finished($ssl, $buf, $count);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $buf - buffer where the returned data will be stored (pointer ???, pre-allocated ???)
# $count - max. size of the return data
#
# returns: actual size of the returned data in $buf
=item * get_keyblock_size
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function.
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_keyblock_size($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: keyblock size, -1 on error
=item * get_mode
Returns the mode (bitmask) set for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_mode($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for L</CTX_get_mode>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
=item * set_mode
Adds the mode set via bitmask in $mode to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_mode($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
#
# returns: the new mode bitmask after adding $mode
For $mode bitmask details see L</CTX_get_mode>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_mode.html>
=item * get_options
Returns the options (bitmask) set for $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_options($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: options (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for L</CTX_get_options>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
=item * set_options
Adds the options set via bitmask in $options to $ssl. Options already set before are not cleared!
Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, $options);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $options - options (bitmask)
#
# returns: the new options bitmask after adding $options
For $options bitmask details see L</CTX_get_options>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html>
=item * get_peer_certificate
Get the X509 certificate of the peer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html>
=item * get_peer_cert_chain
Get the certificate chain of the peer as an array of X509 structures.
my @rv = Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: list of X509 structures
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_peer_certificate.html>
=item * get_quiet_shutdown
Returns the 'quiet shutdown' setting of ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_quiet_shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) current 'quiet shutdown' value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
=item * get_rbio
Get 'read' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_rbio($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html>
=item * get_read_ahead
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_read_ahead($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) read_ahead value
=item * set_read_ahead
Net::SSLeay::set_read_ahead($ssl, $val);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $val - read_ahead value to be set
#
# returns: the original read_ahead value
=item * get_server_random
Returns internal SSLv3 server_random value.
Net::SSLeay::get_server_random($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: server_random value (binary data)
=item * get_client_random
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Returns internal SSLv3 client_random value.
Net::SSLeay::get_client_random($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: client_random value (binary data)
=item * export_keying_material
Returns a buffer of $req_len bytes of keying material based on the constant string $label using the
masterkey and client and server random strings as described in
draft-ietf-pppext-eap-ttls-01.txt and See rfc2716
If p is present, it will be concatenated before generating the keying material
Returns undef on error
my $out = Net::SSLeay::export_keying_material($ssl, $req_len, $label, $p);
=item * get_session
Retrieve TLS/SSL session data used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is NOT incremented.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_session($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html>
=item * SSL_get0_session
The alias for L</get_session> (note that the name is C<SSL_get0_session> NOT C<get0_session>).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::SSL_get0_session();
=item * get1_session
Returns a pointer to the SSL_SESSION actually used in $ssl. The reference count of the SSL_SESSION is incremented by 1.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get1_session($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_session.html>
=item * get_shared_ciphers
Returns string with a list (colon ':' separated) of ciphers shared between client and server
within SSL session $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shared_ciphers()
#
# returns: string like 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:...'
=item * get_shutdown
Returns the shutdown mode of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: shutdown mode (bitmask) of ssl
#to decode the return value (bitmask) use:
0 - No shutdown setting, yet
1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html>
=item * get_ssl_method
Returns a function pointer to the TLS/SSL method set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_ssl_method($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
=item * get_state
Returns the SSL connection state.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) state value
# to decode the returned state check:
# SSL_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl.h
# SSL2_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl2.h
# SSL23_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl23.h
# SSL3_ST_* + DTLS1_ST_* constants in openssl/ssl3.h
=item * state
Exactly the same as L</get_state>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state($ssl);
=item * set_state
Sets the SSL connection state.
Net::SSLeay::set_state($ssl,Net::SSLeay::SSL_ST_ACCEPT());
=item * get_verify_depth
Returns the verification depth limit currently set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_depth($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: current depth or -1 if no limit has been explicitly set
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
=item * set_verify_depth
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification that shall be allowed for $ssl.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify_depth($ssl, $depth);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $depth - (integer) depth
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
=item * get_verify_mode
Returns the verification mode (bitmask) currently set in $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_mode($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: mode (bitmask)
To decode the return value (bitmask) see documentation for L</CTX_get_verify_mode>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_get_verify_mode.html>
=item * set_verify
Sets the verification flags for $ssl to be $mode and specifies the $verify_callback function to be used.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify($ssl, $mode, $callback);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - mode (bitmask)
# $callback - [optional] reference to perl callback function
#
# returns: no return value
For $mode bitmask details see L</CTX_get_verify_mode>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.html>
=item * get_verify_result
Returns the result of the verification of the X509 certificate presented by the peer, if any.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_verify_result($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer)
# 0 - X509_V_OK: ok
# 2 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate
# 3 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL
# 4 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature
# 5 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature
# 6 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key
# 7 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure
# 8 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure
# 9 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid
# 10 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired
# 11 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid
# 12 - X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired
# 13 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field
# 14 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field
# 15 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field
# 16 - X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field
# 17 - X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory
# 18 - X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate
# 19 - X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain
# 20 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate
# 21 - X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate
# 22 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long
# 23 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked
# 24 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate
# 25 - X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded
# 26 - X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose
# 27 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted
# 28 - X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected
# 29 - X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch
# 30 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch
# 31 - X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch
# 32 - X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing
# 50 - X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_verify_result.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_verify_result.html>
=item * set_verify_result
Override result of peer certificate verification.
Net::SSLeay::set_verify_result($ssl, $v);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $v - (integer) result value
#
# returns: no return value
For more info about valid return values see L</get_verify_result>
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_verify_result.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_verify_result.html>
=item * get_wbio
Get 'write' BIO linked to an SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::get_wbio($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_rbio.html>
=item * load_client_CA_file
Load X509 certificates from file (PEM formatted).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::load_client_CA_file($file);
# $file - (string) file name
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_load_client_CA_file.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_load_client_CA_file.html>
=item * clear_num_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_CLEAR_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::clear_num_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
=item * need_tmp_RSA
Executes SSL_CTRL_NEED_TMP_RSA command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::need_tmp_RSA($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
=item * num_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_NUM_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::num_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
=item * total_renegotiations
Executes SSL_CTRL_GET_TOTAL_RENEGOTIATIONS command on $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::total_renegotiations($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: command result
=item * peek
Copies $max bytes from the specified $ssl into the returned value.
In contrast to the C<Net::SSLeay::read()> function, the data in the SSL
buffer is unmodified after the SSL_peek() operation.
Net::SSLeay::peek($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to peek (integer) - default is 32768
#
# in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error
# in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_read().
=item * pending
Obtain number of readable bytes buffered in $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::pending($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: the number of bytes pending
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_pending.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_pending.html>
=item * read
Tries to read $max bytes from the specified $ssl.
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max);
my($got, $rv) = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl, $max);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $max - [optional] max bytes to read (integer) - default is 32768
#
# returns:
# in scalar context: data read from the TLS/SSL connection, undef on error
# in list context: two-item array consisting of data read (undef on error),
# and return code from SSL_read().
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_read.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_read.html>
=item * renegotiate
Turn on flags for renegotiation so that renegotiation will happen
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::renegotiate($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * rstate_string
Returns a 2 letter string indicating the current read state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 2-letter string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html>
=item * rstate_string_long
Returns a string indicating the current read state of the SSL object ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::rstate_string_long($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: string with current state
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_rstate_string.html>
=item * session_reused
Query whether a reused session was negotiated during handshake.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::session_reused($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 0 - new session was negotiated; 1 - session was reused.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_session_reused.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_session_reused.html>
=item * set1_param
Applies X509 verification parameters $vpm on $ssl
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set1_param($ssl, $vpm);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $vpm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * set_accept_state
Sets $ssl to work in server mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html>
=item * set_bio
Connects the BIOs $rbio and $wbio for the read and write operations of the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl.
Net::SSLeay::set_bio($ssl, $rbio, $wbio);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $wbio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_bio.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_bio.html>
=item * set_cipher_list
Sets the list of ciphers only for ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, $str);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
=item * set_client_CA_list
Sets the list of CAs sent to the client when requesting a client certificate
for the chosen $ssl, overriding the setting valid for $ssl's SSL_CTX object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_client_CA_list($ssl, $list);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $list - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list.html>
=item * set_connect_state
Sets $ssl to work in client mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_connect_state.html>
=item * set_fd
Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input/output facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted)
side of $ssl, $fd will typically be the socket file descriptor of a network connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
=item * set_rfd
Sets the file descriptor $fd as the input (read) facility for the TLS/SSL (encrypted) side of $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
=item * set_wfd
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, $fd);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $fd - (integer) file handle (got via perl's fileno)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_fd.html>
=item * set_info_callback
Sets the callback function, that can be used to obtain state information for $ssl during connection setup and use.
When callback is undef, the callback setting currently valid for ctx is used.
Net::SSLeay::set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html>
=item * CTX_set_info_callback
Sets the callback function on ctx, that can be used to obtain state information during ssl connection setup and use.
When callback is undef, an existing callback will be disabled.
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_info_callback($ssl, $cb, [$data]);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $cb - sub { my ($ssl,$where,$ret,$data) = @_; ... }
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_info_callback.html>
=item * set_pref_cipher
Sets the list of available ciphers for $ssl using the control string $str.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_pref_cipher($ssl, $str);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $str - (string) cipher list e.g. '3DES:+RSA'
#
# returns: 1 if any cipher could be selected and 0 on complete failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list.html>
=item * set_purpose
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_purpose($ssl, $purpose);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more info about available $purpose identifiers see L</CTX_set_purpose>.
=item * set_quiet_shutdown
Sets the 'quiet shutdown' flag for $ssl to be $mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_quiet_shutdown($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - 0 or 1
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_quiet_shutdown.html>
=item * set_session
Set a TLS/SSL session to be used during TLS/SSL connect.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session($to, $ses);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $ses - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_SESSION structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_session.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_session.html>
=item * set_session_id_context
Sets the context $sid_ctx of length $sid_ctx_len within which a session can be reused for the $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_session_id_context($ssl, $sid_ctx, $sid_ctx_len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $sid_ctx - data buffer
# $sid_ctx_len - length of data in $sid_ctx
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context.html>
=item * set_session_secret_cb
Setup pre-shared secret session resumption function.
Net::SSLeay::set_session_secret_cb($ssl, $func, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $func - perl reference to callback function
# $data - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: no return value
=item * set_shutdown
Sets the shutdown state of $ssl to $mode.
Net::SSLeay::set_shutdown($ssl, $mode);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $mode - (integer) shutdown mode:
# 0 - No shutdown
# 1 - SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
# 2 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
# 3 - SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN+SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_set_shutdown.html>
=item * set_ssl_method
Sets a new TLS/SSL method for a particular $ssl object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_ssl_method($ssl, $method);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $method - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version.html>
=item * set_tmp_dh
Sets DH parameters to be used to be $dh.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh($ssl, $dh);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
=item * set_tmp_dh_callback
Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a DH parameters are required to $dh_cb.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_dh_callback($ssl, $dh);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $dh_cb - pointer to function ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback.html>
=item * set_tmp_rsa
Sets the temporary/ephemeral RSA key to be used in $ssl to be $rsa.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsa);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Example:
$rsakey = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key();
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa($ssl, $rsakey);
Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($rsakey);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
=item * set_tmp_rsa_callback
Sets the callback function for $ssl to be used when a temporary/ephemeral RSA key is required to $tmp_rsa_callback.
??? (does this function really work?)
Net::SSLeay::set_tmp_rsa_callback($ssl, $tmp_rsa_callback);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $tmp_rsa_callback - (function pointer) ???
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback.html>
=item * set_trust
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::set_trust($ssl, $trust);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: the original value
For more details about $trust values see L</CTX_set_trust>.
=item * shutdown
Shuts down an active TLS/SSL connection. It sends the 'close notify' shutdown alert to the peer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::shutdown($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 1 - shutdown was successfully completed
# 0 - shutdown is not yet finished,
# -1 - shutdown was not successful
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_shutdown.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_shutdown.html>
=item * state_string
Returns a 6 letter string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: 6-letter string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html>
=item * state_string_long
Returns a string indicating the current state of the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::state_string_long($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: state strings
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_state_string.html>
=item * use_PrivateKey
Adds $pkey as private key to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey($ssl, $pkey);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_PrivateKey_ASN1
Adds the private key of type $pk stored in $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_ASN1($pk, $ssl, $d, $len);
# $pk - (integer) key type, NID of corresponding algorithm
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - key data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_PrivateKey_file
Adds the first private key found in $file to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_PrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_RSAPrivateKey
Adds $rsa as RSA private key to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey($ssl, $rsa);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $rsa - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1
Adds RSA private key stored in $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - key data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_RSAPrivateKey_file
Adds the first RSA private key found in $file to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_certificate
Loads the certificate $x into $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate($ssl, $x);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_certificate_ASN1
Loads the ASN1 encoded certificate from $data to $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_ASN1($ssl, $data, $len);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - certificate data (binary)
# $len - length of $data
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * use_certificate_file
Loads the first certificate stored in $file into $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file($ssl, $file, $type);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, otherwise check out the error stack to find out the reason
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_use_certificate.html>
=item * version
Returns SSL/TLS protocol version
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::version($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) protocol version
# 0x0002 - SSL2_VERSION (SSLv2)
# 0x0300 - SSL3_VERSION (SSLv3)
# 0x0301 - TLS1_VERSION (TLSv1)
# 0xFEFF - DTLS1_VERSION (DTLSv1)
=item * want
Returns state information for the SSL object $ssl.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::want($ssl);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: state
# 1 - SSL_NOTHING
# 2 - SSL_WRITING
# 3 - SSL_READING
# 4 - SSL_X509_LOOKUP
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_want.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_want.html>
=item * write
Writes data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $data - data to be written
#
# returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection
# 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed
# <0 - error
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_write.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_write.html>
=item * write_partial
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Writes a fragment of data in $data from the buffer $data into the specified $ssl connection.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::write_partial($ssl, $from, $count, $data);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $from - (integer) offset from the beginning of $data
# $count - (integer) length of data to be written
# $data - data buffer
#
# returns: >0 - (success) number of bytes actually written to the TLS/SSL connection
# 0 - write not successful, probably the underlying connection was closed
# <0 - error
=item * set_tlsext_host_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8f
Sets TLS servername extension on SLL object $ssl to value $name.
my $rv = set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $name);
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=back
=head3 Low level API: RAND_* related functions
Check openssl doc related to RAND stuff L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/rand.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/rand.html>
=over
=item * RAND_add
Mixes the $num bytes at $buf into the PRNG state.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_add($buf, $num, $entropy);
# $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state
# $num - number of bytes in $buf
# $entropy - estimate of how much randomness is contained in $buf (in bytes)
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
=item * RAND_seed
Equivalent to L</RAND_add> when $num == $entropy.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_seed($buf); # Perlishly figures out buf size
# $buf - buffer with data to be mixed into the PRNG state
# $num - number of bytes in $buf
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
=item * RAND_status
Gives PRNG status (seeded enough or not).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_status();
#returns: 1 if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_add.html>
=item * RAND_bytes
Puts $num cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes into $buf.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_bytes($buf, $num);
# $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored
# $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html>
=item * RAND_pseudo_bytes
Puts $num pseudo-random (not necessarily unpredictable) bytes into $buf.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_pseudo_bytes($buf, $num);
# $buf - buffer where the random data will be stored
# $num - the size (in bytes) of requested random data
#
# returns: 1 if the bytes generated are cryptographically strong, 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_bytes.html>
=item * RAND_cleanup
Erase the PRNG state.
Net::SSLeay::RAND_cleanup();
# no args, no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_cleanup.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_cleanup.html>
=item * RAND_egd_bytes
Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket $path for $bytes bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_egd_bytes($path, $bytes);
# $path - path to a socket of entropy gathering daemon EGD
# $bytes - number of bytes we want from EGD
#
# returns: the number of bytes read from the daemon on success, and -1 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_egd.html>
=item * RAND_file_name
Generates a default path for the random seed file.
my $file = Net::SSLeay::RAND_file_name($num);
# $num - maximum size of returned file name
#
# returns: string with file name on success, '' (empty string) on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
=item * RAND_load_file
Reads $max_bytes of bytes from $file_name and adds them to the PRNG.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_load_file($file_name, $max_bytes);
# $file_name - the name of file
# $max_bytes - bytes to read from $file_name; -1 => the complete file is read
#
# returns: the number of bytes read
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
=item * RAND_write_file
Writes 1024 random bytes to $file_name which can be used to initialize the PRNG by calling L</RAND_load_file> in a later session.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_write_file($file_name);
# $file_name - the name of file
#
# returns: the number of bytes written, and -1 if the bytes written were generated without appropriate seed
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RAND_load_file.html>
=item * RAND_poll
Collects some entropy from operating system and adds it to the PRNG.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RAND_poll();
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure (unable to gather reasonable entropy)
=back
=head3 Low level API: OBJ_* related functions
=over
=item * OBJ_cmp
Compares ASN1_OBJECT $a to ASN1_OBJECT $b.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_cmp($a, $b);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: if the two are identical 0 is returned
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_dup
Returns a copy/duplicate of $o.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_dup($o);
# $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_nid2ln
Returns long name for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2ln($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: (string) long name e.g. 'commonName'
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_ln2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given long name $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_ln2nid($s);
# $s - (string) long name e.g. 'commonName'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
=item * OBJ_nid2sn
Returns short name for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: (string) short name e.g. 'CN'
Example:
print Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn(&Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName);
=item * OBJ_sn2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given short name $s.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid($s);
# $s - (string) short name e.g. 'CN'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Example:
print "NID_commonName constant=", &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName;
print "OBJ_sn2nid('CN')=", Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid('CN');
=item * OBJ_nid2obj
Returns ASN1_OBJECT for given NID $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2obj($n);
# $n - (integer) NID
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_obj2nid
Returns NID corresponding to given ASN1_OBJECT $o.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2nid($o);
# $o - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_txt2obj
Converts the text string s into an ASN1_OBJECT structure. If $no_name is 0 then
long names (e.g. 'commonName') and short names (e.g. 'CN') will be interpreted
as well as numerical forms (e.g. '2.5.4.3'). If $no_name is 1 only the numerical
form is acceptable.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2obj($s, $no_name);
# $s - text string to be converted
# $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_obj2txt
Converts the ASN1_OBJECT a into a textual representation.
Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt($a, $no_name);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $no_name - (integer) 0 or 1
#
# returns: textual representation e.g. 'commonName' ($no_name=0), '2.5.4.3' ($no_name=1)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=item * OBJ_txt2nid
Returns NID corresponding to text string $s which can be a long name, a short name or the numerical representation of an object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid($s);
# $s - (string) e.g. 'commonName' or 'CN' or '2.5.4.3'
#
# returns: (integer) NID
Example:
my $nid = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_txt2nid('2.5.4.3');
Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($n);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OBJ_nid2obj.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: ASN1_INTEGER_* related functions
=over
=item * ASN1_INTEGER_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new ASN1_INTEGER structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
=item * ASN1_INTEGER_free
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated ASN1_INTEGER structure.
Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_free($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * ASN1_INTEGER_get
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object.
B<BEWARE:> If the value stored in ASN1_INTEGER is greater than max. integer that can be stored
in 'long' type (usually 32bit but may vary according to platform) then this function will return -1.
For getting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec> or L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_get($a);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: integer value of ASN1_INTEGER object in $a
=item * ASN1_INTEGER_set
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val
B<BEWARE:> $val has max. limit (= max. integer that can be stored in 'long' type).
For setting large ASN1_INTEGER values consider using L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec> or L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex>.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set($i, $val);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $val - integer value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string with decimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: string with decimal representation
=item * P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string with hexadecimal representation of integer value of given ASN1_INTEGER object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex($i);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: string with hexadecimal representation
=item * P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (decimal string, suitable for large integers)
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec($i, $str);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $str - string with decimal representation
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets value of given ASN1_INTEGER object to value $val (hexadecimal string, suitable for large integers)
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex($i, $str);
# $i - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
# $str - string with hexadecimal representation
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=back
=head3 Low level API: ASN1_STRING_* related functions
=over
=item * P_ASN1_STRING_get
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string value of given ASN1_STRING object.
Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, $utf8_decode);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: string
$string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s);
#is the same as:
$string = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get($s, 0);
=back
=head3 Low level API: ASN1_TIME_* related functions
=over
=item * ASN1_TIME_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $time = ASN1_TIME_new();
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
=item * ASN1_TIME_free
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
ASN1_TIME_free($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
=item * ASN1_TIME_set
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
ASN1_TIME_set($time, $t);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $t - time value in seconds since 1.1.1970
B<BEWARE:> It is platform dependent how this function will handle dates after 2038.
Although perl's integer is large enough the internal implementation of this function
is dependent on the size of time_t structure (32bit time_t has problem with 2038).
If you want to safely set date and time after 2038 use function L</P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime>.
=item * P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Gives ISO-8601 string representation of ASN1_TIME structure.
my $datetime_string = P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: datetime string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z' or '' on failure
The output format is compatible with module L<DateTime::Format::RFC3339>
=item * P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7e
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Sets time and date value of ANS1_time structure.
my $rv = P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime($time, $string);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $string - ISO-8601 timedate string like '2033-05-16T20:39:37Z'
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
The C<$string> parameter has to be in full form like C<"2012-03-22T23:55:33"> or
C<"2012-03-22T23:55:33Z"> or C<"2012-03-22T23:55:33CET">. Short forms like
C<"2012-03-22T23:55"> or C<"2012-03-22"> are not supported.
=item * P_ASN1_TIME_put2string
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before, has bugs with openssl-0.9.8i
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
Gives string representation of ASN1_TIME structure.
my $str = P_ASN1_TIME_put2string($time);
# $time - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: datetime string like 'May 16 20:39:37 2033 GMT'
=item * P_ASN1_UTCTIME_put2string
B<NOTE:> deprecated function, only for backward compatibility, just an alias
for L</P_ASN1_TIME_put2string>
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Allocates and initializes a X509 structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html>
=item * X509_free
Frees up the X509 structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_free($a);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_new.html>
=item * X509_certificate_type
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns bitmask with type of certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_certificate_type($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: (integer) bitmask with certificate type
#to decode bitmask returned by this function use these constants:
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_DSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_EC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKS_RSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_ENC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXCH
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_EXP
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKT_SIGN
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DH
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_DSA
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_EC
&Net::SSLeay::EVP_PK_RSA
=item * X509_digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509 $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * X509_issuer_and_serial_hash
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of issuer name and serial number of X509 certificate $x.
The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits).
The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_and_serial_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
=item * X509_issuer_name_hash
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of issuer name of X509 certificate $x.
The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits).
The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_issuer_name_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
=item * X509_subject_name_hash
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sort of a checksum of subject name of X509 certificate $x.
The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits).
The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_subject_name_hash($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
=item * X509_pubkey_digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Computes digest/fingerprint of public key from X509 certificate $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_pubkey_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * X509_set_issuer_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets issuer of X509 certificate $x to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_issuer_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_set_pubkey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets public key of X509 certificate $x to $pkey.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_pubkey($x, $pkey);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_set_serialNumber
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets serial number of X509 certificate $x to $serial.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_serialNumber($x, $serial);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $serial - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
#to create $serial value use one of these:
$serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_hex('45ad6f');
$serial = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_set_dec('7896541238529631478');
$serial = Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set(45896);
=item * X509_set_subject_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets subject of X509 certificate $x to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_subject_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_set_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Set 'version' value for X509 certificate $ to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $version - (integer) version number
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_sign
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509 certificate $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_sign($x, $pkey, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_verify
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509 object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify($x, $r);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
=item * X509_get_ext_count
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of extensions in X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_count($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: count of extensions
=item * X509_get_pubkey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns public key corresponding to given X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_pubkey($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_get_serialNumber
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns serial number of X509 certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
See L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec>, L</P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_hex> or L</ASN1_INTEGER_get> to decode ASN1_INTEGER object.
=item * X509_get_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value of given X509 certificate $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: (integer) version
=item * X509_get_ext
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $index);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_get_ext_by_NID
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at
#
# returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error
# call Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
=item * X509_get_fingerprint
Returns fingerprint of certificate $cert.
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function. The implementation
is basen on openssl's C<X509_digest()>.
Net::SSLeay::X509_get_fingerprint($x509, $type);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $type - (string) digest type, currently supported values:
# "md5"
# "sha1"
# "sha256"
# "ripemd160"
#
# returns: certificate digest - hexadecimal string (NOT binary data!)
=item * X509_get_issuer_name
Return an X509_NAME object representing the issuer of the certificate $cert.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_get_notAfter
Return an object giving the time after which the certificate $cert is not valid.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use:
my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert);
print "notAfter=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n";
=item * X509_get_notBefore
Return an object giving the time before which the certificate $cert is not valid
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
To get human readable/printable form the return value you can use:
my $time = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert);
print "notBefore=", Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_get_isotime($time), "\n";
=item * X509_get_subjectAltNames
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function.
Returns the list of alternative subject names from X509 certificate $cert.
my @rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list containing pairs - name_type (integer), name_value (string)
# where name_type can be:
# 0 - GEN_OTHERNAME
# 1 - GEN_EMAIL
# 2 - GEN_DNS
# 3 - GEN_X400
# 4 - GEN_DIRNAME
# 5 - GEN_EDIPARTY
# 6 - GEN_URI
# 7 - GEN_IPADD
# 8 - GEN_RID
Note: type 7 - GEN_IPADD contains the IP address as a packed binary address.
=item * X509_get_subject_name
Returns the subject of the certificate $cert.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_gmtime_adj
Adjust th ASN1_TIME object to the timestamp (in GMT).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_gmtime_adj($s, $adj);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $adj - timestamp (seconds since 1.1.1970)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
B<BEWARE:> this function may fail for dates after 2038 as it is dependent on time_t size on your
system (32bit time_t does not work after 2038). Consider using L</P_ASN1_TIME_set_isotime> instead).
=item * X509_load_cert_crl_file
Takes PEM file and loads all X509 certificates and X509 CRLs from that file into X509_LOOKUP structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
# if not FILETYPE_PEM then behaves as Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file()
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_load_cert_file
Loads/adds X509 certificate from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_cert_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_load_crl_file
Loads/adds X509 CRL from $file to X509_LOOKUP structure
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_load_crl_file($ctx, $file, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_LOOKUP structure
# $file - (string) file name
# $type - (integer) type - use constants &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM or &Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_ASN1
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_policy_level_get0_node
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_get0_node($level, $i);
# $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure
# $i - (integer) index/position
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_level_node_count
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_level_node_count($level);
# $level - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure
#
# returns: (integer) node count
=item * X509_policy_node_get0_parent
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_parent($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_node_get0_policy
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_policy($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_node_get0_qualifiers($node);
# $node - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(POLICYQUALINFO) structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_tree_free
??? (more info needed)
Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_free($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * X509_policy_tree_get0_level
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_level($tree, $i);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
# $i - (integer) level index
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_LEVEL structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_tree_get0_policies
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_policies($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_NODE structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_policy_tree_level_count
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_policy_tree_level_count($tree);
# $tree - value corresponding to openssl's X509_POLICY_TREE structure
#
# returns: (integer) count
=item * X509_verify_cert_error_string
Returns a human readable error string for verification error $n.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_verify_cert_error_string($n);
# $n - (long) numeric error code
#
# returns: error string
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
=item * P_X509_add_extensions
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509 object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x, $ca_cert, $nid, $value);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $ca_cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (issuer's cert - necessary for sertting NID_authority_key_identifier)
# $nid - NID identifying extension to be set
# $value - extension value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You can set more extensions at once:
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($x509, $ca_cert,
&Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_key_identifier => 'hash',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'keyid',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'issuer',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.dom.com,DNS:s2.dom.com,DNS:s3.dom.com',
);
=item * P_X509_copy_extensions
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Copies X509 extensions from X509_REQ object to X509 object - handy when you need to turn X509_REQ into X509 certificate.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_copy_extensions($x509_req, $x509, $override);
# $x509_req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $override - (integer) flag indication whether to override already existing items in $x509 (default 1)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Get the list of CRL distribution points from X509 certificate.
my @cdp = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($x509);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of distribution points (usually URLs)
=item * P_X509_get_ext_key_usage
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Gets the list of extended key usage of given X509 certificate $cert.
my @ext_usage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert, $format);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
# $format - choose type of return values: 0=OIDs, 1=NIDs, 2=shortnames, 3=longnames
#
# returns: list of values
Examples:
my @extkeyusage_oid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,0);
# returns for example: ("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1", "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2")
my @extkeyusage_nid = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,1);
# returns for example: (129, 130)
my @extkeyusage_sn = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,2);
# returns for example: ("serverAuth", "clientAuth")
my @extkeyusage_ln = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($x509,3);
# returns for example: ("TLS Web Server Authentication", "TLS Web Client Authentication")
=item * P_X509_get_key_usage
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Gets the list of key usage of given X509 certificate $cert.
my @keyusage = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_key_usage($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of key usage values which can be none, one or more from the following list:
# "digitalSignature"
# "nonRepudiation"
# "keyEncipherment"
# "dataEncipherment"
# "keyAgreement"
# "keyCertSign"
# "cRLSign"
# "encipherOnly"
# "decipherOnly"
=item * P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Gets the list of Netscape cert types of given X509 certificate $cert.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_netscape_cert_type($cert);
# $cert - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: list of Netscape type values which can be none, one or more from the following list:
# "client"
# "server"
# "email"
# "objsign"
# "reserved"
# "sslCA"
# "emailCA"
# "objCA"
=item * P_X509_get_pubkey_alg
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 certificate public key algorithm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
To get textual representation use:
my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_pubkey_alg($x509));
# returns for example: "rsaEncryption"
=item * P_X509_get_signature_alg
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns ASN1_OBJECT corresponding to X509 signarite key algorithm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
To get textual representation use:
my $alg = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt(Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($x509))
# returns for example: "sha1WithRSAEncryption"
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_REQ_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_REQ_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new X509_REQ structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_REQ_free
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated X509_REQ structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_free($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds an attribute whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_add1_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $type, $bytes);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
# values for $type - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data
=item * X509_REQ_digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_REQ $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieve the next index matching $nid after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid, $lastpos=-1);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1)
#
# returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries)
Note: use L</P_X509_REQ_get_attr> to get the actual attribute value - e.g.
my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid);
my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
=item * X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieve the next index matching $obj after $lastpos ($lastpos should initially be set to -1).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_OBJ($req, $obj, $lastpos=-1);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $obj - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $lastpos - [optional] (integer) index where to start search (default -1)
#
# returns: index (-1 if there are no more entries)
Note: use L</P_X509_REQ_get_attr> to get the actual attribute value - e.g.
my $index = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_by_NID($req, $nid);
my @attr_values = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $index);
=item * X509_REQ_get_attr_count
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of attributes in $req.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_attr_count($req);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: (integer) items count
=item * X509_REQ_get_pubkey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns public key corresponding to given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_pubkey($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_REQ_get_subject_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to subject name of given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_subject_name($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_REQ_get_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value for given X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
#
# returns: (integer) version e.g. 0 = "version 1"
=item * X509_REQ_set_pubkey
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets public key of given X509_REQ object $x to $pkey.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_pubkey($x, $pkey);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_REQ_set_subject_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets subject name of given X509_REQ object $x to X509_NAME object $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_subject_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_REQ_set_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sets 'version' of given X509_REQ object $x to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $version - (integer) e.g. 0 = "version 1"
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_REQ_sign
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509_REQ object $x with private key $pk (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_sign($x, $pk, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $pk - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure (requestor's private key)
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_REQ_verify
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509_REQ object $x using public key $r (pubkey of requesting party).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_REQ_verify($x, $r);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
=item * P_X509_REQ_add_extensions
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Adds one or more X509 extensions to X509_REQ object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x, $nid, $value);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $nid - NID identifying extension to be set
# $value - extension value
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
You can set more extensions at once:
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_add_extensions($x509_req,
&Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => 'digitalSignature,keyEncipherment',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'CA:FALSE',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => 'serverAuth,clientAuth',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => 'server',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => 'DNS:s1.com,DNS:s2.com',
&Net::SSLeay::NID_crl_distribution_points => 'URI:http://pki.com/crl1,URI:http://pki.com/crl2',
);
=item * P_X509_REQ_get_attr
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Returns attribute value for X509_REQ's attribute at index $n.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_REQ_get_attr($req, $n);
# $req - value corresponding to openssl's X509_REQ structure
# $n - (integer) attribute index
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_CRL_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_CRL_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Creates a new X509_CRL structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_CRL_free
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Free an allocated X509_CRL structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_free($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * X509_CRL_digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_CRL $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
Example:
my $x509_crl
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1");
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_digest($x509_crl, $md);
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print "digest=", unpack('H*', $digest_value), "\n";
=item * X509_CRL_get_ext
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given position/index.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $index);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $index - (integer) position/index of extension within $x509
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns X509_EXTENSION from $x509 based on given NID.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_by_NID($x509, $nid, $loc);
# $x509 - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $nid - (integer) NID value
# $loc - (integer) position to start lookup at
#
# returns: position/index of extension, negative value on error
# call Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext($x509, $rv) to get the actual extension
=item * X509_CRL_get_ext_count
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.54 and before
Returns the total number of extensions in X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_ext_count($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: count of extensions
=item * X509_CRL_get_issuer
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns X509_NAME object corresponding to the issuer of X509_CRL $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_issuer($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
See other C<X509_NAME_*> functions to get more info from X509_NAME structure.
=item * X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'lastUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_lastUpdate($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'nextUpdate' date-time value of X509_CRL object $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_nextUpdate($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_CRL_get_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_get_version($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: (integer) version
=item * X509_CRL_set_issuer_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets the issuer of X509_CRL object $x to X509_NAME object $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_issuer_name($x, $name);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'lastUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate($x, $tm);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'nextUpdate' value of X509_CRL object $x to $tm.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate($x, $tm);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $tm - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_CRL_set_version
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets 'version' value of given X509_CRL structure $x to $version.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, $version);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $version - (integer) version number (1 = version 2 CRL)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Note that if you want to use any X509_CRL extension you need to set "version 2 CRL" - C<Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_set_version($x, 1)>.
=item * X509_CRL_sign
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Sign X509_CRL object $x with private key $pkey (using digest algorithm $md).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sign($x, $pkey, $md);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $pkey - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_CRL_sort
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sorts the data of X509_CRL object so it will be written in serial number order.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_sort($x);
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_CRL_verify
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Verifies X509_CRL object $a using public key $r (pubkey of issuing CA).
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_CRL_verify($a, $r);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_PKEY structure
#
# returns: 0 - verify failure, 1 - verify OK, <0 - error
=item * P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Adds given serial number $serial_hex to X509_CRL object $crl.
Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_add_revoked_serial_hex($crl, $serial_hex, $rev_time, $reason_code, $comp_time);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $serial_hex - string (hexadecimal) representation of serial number
# $rev_time - (revocation time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
# $reason_code - [optional] (integer) reason code (see below) - default 0
# $comp_time - [optional] (compromise time) value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_TIME structure
#
# returns: no return value
reason codes:
0 - unspecified
1 - keyCompromise
2 - CACompromise
3 - affiliationChanged
4 - superseded
5 - cessationOfOperation
6 - certificateHold
7 - removeFromCRL
=item * P_X509_CRL_get_serial
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Returns serial number of X509_CRL object.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_get_serial($crl);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure (0 on failure)
=item * P_X509_CRL_set_serial
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets serial number of X509_CRL object to $crl_number.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_X509_CRL_set_serial($crl, $crl_number);
# $crl - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
# $crl_number - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_INTEGER structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_EXTENSION_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_EXTENSION_get_critical
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns 'critical' flag of given X509_EXTENSION object $ex.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_critical($ex);
# $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: (integer) 1 - critical, 0 - noncritical
=item * X509_EXTENSION_get_data
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns value (raw data) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_data($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OCTET_STRING structure (0 on failure)
Note: you can use L</P_ASN1_STRING_get> to convert ASN1_OCTET_STRING into perl scalar variable.
=item * X509_EXTENSION_get_object
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns OID (ASN1_OBJECT) of X509_EXTENSION object $ne.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_object($ex);
# $ex - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509V3_EXT_print
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns string representation of given X509_EXTENSION object $ext.
Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_print($ext, $flags, $utf8_decode);
# $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
# $flags - [optional] (integer) Currently the flag argument is unused and should be set to 0
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: no return value
=item * X509V3_EXT_d2i
Parses an extension and returns its internal structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_d2i($ext);
# $ext - value corresponding to openssl's X509_EXTENSION structure
#
# returns: pointer ???
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_NAME_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the field value of $ne in and ASN1_STRING structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_STRING structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html>
=item * X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the field name of $ne in and ASN1_OBJECT structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object($ne);
# $ne - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object.html>
=item * X509_NAME_new
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5
Creates a new X509_NAME structure.
Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_NAME_hash
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5
Sort of a checksum of issuer name $name.
The result is not a full hash (e.g. sha-1), it is kind-of-a-hash truncated to the size of 'unsigned long' (32 bits).
The resulting value might differ across different openssl versions for the same X509 certificate.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_hash($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: number representing checksum
=item * X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a string $field. The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($name, $field, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $field - (string) field definition (name) - e.g. "organizationName"
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
# values for $type - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8 - $bytes contains utf8 encoded data
&Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_ASC - $bytes contains ASCII data
Unicode note: when passing non-ascii (unicode) string in $bytes do not forget to set C<$flags = &Net::SSLeay::MBSTRING_UTF8> and encode the perl $string via C<$bytes = encode('utf-8', $string)>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
=item * X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a NID $nid. The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_NID($name, $nid, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $nid - (integer) field definition - NID value
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
=item * X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.5
Adds a field whose name is defined by a object (OID) $obj . The field value to be added is in $bytes.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_OBJ($name, $obj, $type, $bytes, $len, $loc, $set);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $obj - field definition - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
# $type - (integer) type of data in $bytes (see below)
# $bytes - data to be set
# $loc - [optional] (integer) index where the new entry is inserted: if it is -1 (default) it is appended
# $set - [optional] (integer) determines how the new type is added. If it is 0 (default) a new RDN is created
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt.html>
=item * X509_NAME_cmp
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Compares two X509_NAME obejcts.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_cmp($a, $b);
# $a - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: 0 if $a matches $b; non zero otherwise
=item * X509_NAME_digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Computes digest/fingerprint of X509_NAME $data using $type hash function.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_digest($data, $type);
# $data - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure - e.g. got via EVP_get_digestbyname()
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * X509_NAME_entry_count
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns the total number of entries in $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: (integer) entries count
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
=item * X509_NAME_get_entry
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Retrieves the X509_NAME_ENTRY from $name corresponding to index $loc. Acceptable values for $loc run
from 0 to C<Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($name)- 1>. The value returned is an internal pointer which must not be freed.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_entry($name, $loc);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $loc - (integer) index of wanted entry
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME_ENTRY structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
=item * X509_NAME_print_ex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns a string with human readable version of $name.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flags, $utf8_decode);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $flags - [optional] conversion flags (default XN_FLAG_RFC2253) - see below
# $utf8_decode - [optional] 0 or 1 whether the returned value should be utf8 decoded (default=0)
#
# returns: string representation of $name
#available conversion flags - use constants:
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_COMPAT
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DN_REV
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_LN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_MASK
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_NONE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_OID
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_FN_SN
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_MULTILINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_ONELINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC
&Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ
Most likely you will be fine with default:
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, &Net::SSLeay::XN_FLAG_RFC2253);
Or you might want RFC2253-like output without utf8 chars escaping:
use Net::SSLeay qw/XN_FLAG_RFC2253 ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB/;
my $flag_rfc22536_utf8 = (XN_FLAG_RFC2253) & (~ ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB);
my $result = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_print_ex($name, $flag_rfc22536_utf8, 1);
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html>
=item * X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID
Retrieves the text from the first entry in name which matches $nid, if no
such entry exists -1 is returned.
B<openssl note:> this is a legacy function which has various limitations which
makes it of minimal use in practice. It can only find the first matching
entry and will copy the contents of the field verbatim: this can be highly
confusing if the target is a multicharacter string type like a BMPString or a UTF8String.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID($name, $nid);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
# $nid - NID value (integer)
#
# returns: text value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID.html>
=item * X509_NAME_oneline
Return an ASCII version of $name.
Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline($name);
# $name - value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure
#
# returns: (string) ASCII version of $name
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_NAME_print_ex.html>
=item * sk_X509_NAME_free
Free an allocated STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure.
Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_free($sk);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * sk_X509_NAME_num
Return number of items in STACK_OF(X509_NAME)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_num($sk);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
#
# returns: number of items
=item * sk_X509_NAME_value
Returns X509_NAME from position $index in STACK_OF(X509_NAME)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::sk_X509_NAME_value($sk, $i);
# $sk - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $i - (integer) index/position
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_NAME structure (0 on failure)
=item * add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack
Add a file of certs to a stack. All certs in $file that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_file_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $file);
# $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $file - (string) filename
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack
Add a directory of certs to a stack. All certs in $dir that are not already in the $stackCAs will be added.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack($stackCAs, $dir);
# $stackCAs - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(X509_NAME) structure
# $dir - (string) the directory to append from. All files in this directory will be examined as potential certs. Any that are acceptable to SSL_add_dir_cert_subjects_to_stack() that are not already in the stack will be included.
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_STORE_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert
Returns the certificate in ctx which caused the error or 0 if no certificate is relevant.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_get_error
Returns the error code of $ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) error code
For more info about erro code values check function L</get_verify_result>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth
Returns the depth of the error. This is a non-negative integer representing
where in the certificate chain the error occurred. If it is zero it occurred
in the end entity certificate, one if it is the certificate which signed
the end entity certificate and so on.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth($x509_store_ctx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
#
# returns: (integer) depth
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data
Is used to retrieve the information for $idx from $x509_store_ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) index for application specific data
#
# returns: pointer to ???
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data
Is used to store application data at arg for idx into $x509_store_ctx.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_ex_data($x509_store_ctx, $idx, $data);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $idx - (integer) ???
# $data - (pointer) ???
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert
Sets the certificate to be verified in $x509_store_ctx to $x.
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_cert($x509_store_ctx, $x);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_new.html>
=item * X509_STORE_CTX_set_error
Sets the error code of $ctx to $s. For example it might be used in a verification callback to set an error based on additional checks.
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_CTX_set_error($x509_store_ctx, $s);
# $x509_store_ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE_CTX structure
# $s - (integer) error id
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_STORE_CTX_get_error.html>
=item * X509_STORE_add_cert
Adds X509 certificate $x into the X509_STORE $store.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_cert($store, $x);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509 structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_STORE_add_crl
Adds X509 CRL $x into the X509_STORE $store.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_add_crl($store, $x);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $x - value corresponding to openssl's X509_CRL structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_STORE_set1_param
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set1_param($store, $pm);
# $store - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $pm - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_STORE_set_flags
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_flags($ctx, $flags);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: no return value
#to create $flags value use:
0x0001 - X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK - Send issuer+subject checks to verify_cb
0x0002 - X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME - Use check time instead of current time
0x0004 - X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK - Lookup CRLs
0x0008 - X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL - Lookup CRLs for whole chain
0x0010 - X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL - Ignore unhandled critical extensions
0x0020 - X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT - Disable workarounds for broken certificates
0x0040 - X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS - Enable proxy certificate validation
0x0080 - X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK - Enable policy checking
0x0100 - X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY - Policy variable require-explicit-policy
0x0200 - X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY - Policy variable inhibit-any-policy
0x0400 - X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP - Policy variable inhibit-policy-mapping
0x0800 - X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY - Notify callback that policy is OK
0x1000 - X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT - Extended CRL features such as indirect CRLs, alternate CRL signing keys
0x2000 - X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS - Delta CRL support
0x4000 - X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE - Check selfsigned CA signature
#or use corresponding constants like
$flags = &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK;
...
$flags = &Net::SSLeay::X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE;
=item * X509_STORE_set_purpose
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_purpose($ctx, $purpose);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: no return value
For more details about $purpose identifier check L</CTX_set_purpose>.
=item * X509_STORE_set_trust
Net::SSLeay::X509_STORE_set_trust($ctx, $trust);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's X509_STORE structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: no return value
For more details about $trust identifier check L</CTX_set_trust>.
=back
=head3 Low level API: X509_VERIFY_PARAM_* related functions
=over
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy
Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and adds $policy to the acceptable policy set.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_policy($param, $policy);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $policy - value corresponding to openssl's ASN1_OBJECT structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_add0_table($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags
Clears the flags $flags in param.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_clear_flags($param, $flags);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $flags bitmask see L</X509_STORE_set_flags>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free
Frees up the X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_free($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth
Returns the current verification depth.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_depth($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: (ineger) depth
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags
Returns the current verification flags.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_get_flags($param);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
For more details about returned flags bitmask see L</X509_STORE_set_flags>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags($param, $flags);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $flags - (unsigned long) flags to be set (bitmask)
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $flags bitmask see L</X509_STORE_set_flags>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit
??? (more info needed)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_inherit($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup
Finds X509_VERIFY_PARAM by name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_lookup($name);
# $name - (string) name we want to find
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new
Creates a new X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_new();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure (0 on failure)
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1
Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $to to the same value
as the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $from.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name
Sets the name of X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure $param to $name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_name($param, $name);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $name - (string) name to be set
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies
Enables policy checking (it is disabled by default) and sets the acceptable policy set to policies.
Any existing policy set is cleared. The policies parameter can be 0 to clear an existing policy set.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_policies($param, $policies);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $policies - value corresponding to openssl's STACK_OF(ASN1_OBJECT) structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth
Sets the maximum verification depth to depth. That is the maximum number of untrusted CA certificates that can appear in a chain.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_depth($param, $depth);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $depth - (integer) depth to be set
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose
Sets the verification purpose in $param to $purpose. This determines the acceptable purpose
of the certificate chain, for example SSL client or SSL server.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_purpose($param, $purpose);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $purpose - (integer) purpose identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $purpose identifier check L</CTX_set_purpose>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time
Sets the verification time in $param to $t. Normally the current time is used.
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_time($param, $t);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $t - (time_t) time in seconds since 1.1.1970
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust
Sets the trust setting in $param to $trust.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_trust($param, $trust);
# $param - value corresponding to openssl's X509_VERIFY_PARAM structure
# $trust - (integer) trust identifier
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
For more details about $trust identifier check L</CTX_set_trust>.
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags.html>
=item * X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup
??? (more info needed)
Net::SSLeay::X509_VERIFY_PARAM_table_cleanup();
#
# returns: no return value
=back
=head3 Low level API: Cipher (EVP_CIPHER_*) related functions
=over
=item * EVP_get_cipherbyname
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before
Returns an EVP_CIPHER structure when passed a cipher name.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_cipherbyname($name);
# $name - (string) cipher name e.g. 'aes-128-cbc', 'camellia-256-ecb', 'des-ede', ...
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_CIPHER structure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/EVP_EncryptInit.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: Digest (EVP_MD_*) related functions
=over
=item * OpenSSL_add_all_digests
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
# no args, no return value
http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms.html
=item * P_EVP_MD_list_all
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.0
B<NOTE:> Does not exactly correspond to any low level API function
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::P_EVP_MD_list_all();
#
# returns: arrayref - list of available digest names
The returned digest names correspond to values expected by L</EVP_get_digestbyname>.
Note that some of the digests are available by default and some only after calling L</OpenSSL_add_all_digests>.
=item * EVP_get_digestbyname
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname($name);
# $name - string with digest name
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
The $name param can be:
md2
md4
md5
mdc2
ripemd160
sha
sha1
sha224
sha256
sha512
whirlpool
Or better check the supported digests by calling L</P_EVP_MD_list_all>.
=item * EVP_MD_type
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_type($md);
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: the NID (integer) of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER representing the given message digest
=item * EVP_MD_size
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_size($md);
# $md - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: the size of the message digest in bytes (e.g. 20 for SHA1)
=item * EVP_MD_CTX_md
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_md($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
=item * EVP_MD_CTX_create
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Allocates, initializes and returns a digest context.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
The complete idea behind EVP_MD_CTX looks like this example:
Net::SSLeay::OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1");
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_create();
Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $md);
while(my $chunk = get_piece_of_data()) {
Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx,$chunk);
}
my $result = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx);
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx);
print "digest=", unpack('H*', $result), "\n"; #print hex value
=item * EVP_DigestInit_ex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Sets up digest context $ctx to use a digest $type from ENGINE $impl, $ctx must be
initialized before calling this function, type will typically be supplied by a function
such as L</EVP_get_digestbyname>. If $impl is 0 then the default implementation of digest $type is used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit_ex($ctx, $type, $impl);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
# $impl - value corresponding to openssl's ENGINE structure
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
=item * EVP_DigestInit
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Behaves in the same way as L</EVP_DigestInit_ex> except the passed context $ctx does not have
to be initialized, and it always uses the default digest implementation.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestInit($ctx, $type);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
=item * EVP_MD_CTX_destroy
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Cleans up digest context $ctx and frees up the space allocated to it, it should be
called only on a context created using L</EVP_MD_CTX_create>.
Net::SSLeay::EVP_MD_CTX_destroy($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: no return value
=item * EVP_DigestUpdate
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestUpdate($ctx, $data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
# $data - data to be hashed
#
# returns: 1 for success and 0 for failure
=item * EVP_DigestFinal_ex
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Retrieves the digest value from $ctx. After calling L</EVP_DigestFinal_ex> no
additional calls to L</EVP_DigestUpdate> can be made, but
L</EVP_DigestInit_ex> can be called to initialize a new digest operation.
my $digest_value = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal_ex($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * EVP_DigestFinal
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Similar to L</EVP_DigestFinal_ex> except the digest context ctx is automatically cleaned up.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_DigestFinal($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD_CTX structure
#
# returns: hash value (binary)
#to get printable (hex) value of digest use:
print unpack('H*', $digest_value);
=item * MD2
B<COMPATIBILITY:> no supported by default in openssl-1.0.0
Computes MD2 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD2($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * MD4
Computes MD4 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD4($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * MD5
Computes MD5 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::MD5($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * RIPEMD160
Computes RIPEMD160 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::RIPEMD160($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * SHA1
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Computes SHA1 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA1($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * SHA256
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8
Computes SHA256 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA256($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * SHA512
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8
Computes SHA512 from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::SHA512($data);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * EVP_Digest
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.7
Computes "any" digest from given $data (all data needs to be loaded into memory)
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname("sha1"); #or any other algorithm
my $digest = Net::SSLeay::EVP_Digest($data, $md);
print "digest(hexadecimal)=", unpack('H*', $digest);
=item * EVP_sha1
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha1();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
=item * EVP_sha256
B<COMPATIBILITY:> requires at least openssl-0.9.8
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha256();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
=item * EVP_sha512
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before; requires at least openssl-0.9.8
my $md = Net::SSLeay::EVP_sha512();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
=item * EVP_add_digest
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::EVP_add_digest($digest);
# $digest - value corresponding to openssl's EVP_MD structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 otherwise
=back
=head3 Low level API: CIPHER_* related functions
=over
=item * CIPHER_get_name
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.42 and before
Returns name of the cipher used.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: (string) cipher name e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA'
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
Example:
my $ssl_cipher = Net::SSLeay::get_current_cipher($ssl);
my $cipher_name = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_name($ssl_cipher);
=item * CIPHER_description
Returns a textual description of the cipher used.
??? (does this function really work?)
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_description($cipher, $buf, $size);
# $cipher - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
# $bufer - (string/buffer) ???
# $size - (integer) ???
#
# returns: (string) cipher description e.g. 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1'
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
=item * CIPHER_get_bits
Returns the number of secret bits used for cipher.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::CIPHER_get_bits($c);
# $c - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CIPHER structure
#
# returns: (integert) number of secret bits, 0 on error
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CIPHER_get_name.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: RSA_* related functions
=over
=item * RSA_generate_key
Generates a key pair and returns it in a newly allocated RSA structure.
The pseudo-random number generator must be seeded prior to calling RSA_generate_key.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key($bits, $e, $perl_cb, $perl_cb_arg);
# $bits - (integer) modulus size in bits e.g. 512, 1024, 2048
# $e - (integer) public exponent, an odd number, typically 3, 17 or 65537
# $perl_cb - [optional] reference to perl callback function
# $perl_cb_arg - [optional] data that will be passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_generate_key.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_generate_key.html>
=item * RSA_free
Frees the RSA structure and its components. The key is erased before the memory is returned to the system.
Net::SSLeay::RSA_free($r);
# $r - value corresponding to openssl's RSA structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/RSA_new.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: BIO_* related functions
=over
=item * BIO_eof
Returns 1 if the BIO has read EOF, the precise meaning of 'EOF' varies according to the BIO type.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_eof($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 if EOF has been reached 0 otherwise
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
=item * BIO_f_ssl
Returns the SSL BIO method. This is a filter BIO which is a wrapper
round the OpenSSL SSL routines adding a BIO 'flavour' to SSL I/O.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_f_ssl();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=item * BIO_free
Frees up a single BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio;);
# $bio; - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html>
=item * BIO_new
Returns a new BIO using method $type
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new($type);
# $type - value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_new.html>
=item * BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect
Creates a new BIO chain consisting of a buffering BIO, an SSL BIO (using ctx) and a connect BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_buffer_ssl_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=item * BIO_new_file
Creates a new file BIO with mode $mode the meaning of mode is the same
as the stdio function fopen(). The BIO_CLOSE flag is set on the returned BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($filename, $mode);
# $filename - (string) filename
# $mode - (string) opening mode (as mode by stdio function fopen)
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_file.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_file.html>
=item * BIO_new_ssl
Allocates an SSL BIO using SSL_CTX ctx and using client mode if client is non zero.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl($ctx, $client);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $client - (integer) 0 or 1 - indicates ssl client mode
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=item * BIO_new_ssl_connect
Creates a new BIO chain consisting of an SSL BIO (using ctx) followed by a connect BIO.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_ssl_connect($ctx);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=item * BIO_pending
Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs read buffers.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_pending($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: the amount of pending data
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
=item * BIO_wpending
Return the number of pending characters in the BIOs write buffers.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_wpending($s);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: the amount of pending data
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_ctrl.html>
=item * BIO_read
Read the underlying descriptor.
Net::SSLeay::BIO_read($s, $max);
# $s - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $max - [optional] max. bytes to read (if not specified, the value 32768 is used)
#
# returns: data
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html>
=item * BIO_write
Attempts to write data from $buffer to BIO $b.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($b, $buffer);
# $b - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $buffer - data
#
# returns: amount of data successfully written
# or that no data was successfully read or written if the result is 0 or -1
# or -2 when the operation is not implemented in the specific BIO type
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_read.html>
=item * BIO_s_mem
Return the memory BIO method function.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem();
#
# returns: value corresponding to openssl's BIO_METHOD structure (0 on failure)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html>
=item * BIO_ssl_copy_session_id
Copies an SSL session id between BIO chains from and to. It does this by locating
the SSL BIOs in each chain and calling SSL_copy_session_id() on the internal SSL pointer.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_copy_session_id($to, $from);
# $to - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
# $from - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: 1 on success, 0 on failure
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=item * BIO_ssl_shutdown
Closes down an SSL connection on BIO chain bio. It does this by locating the
SSL BIO in the chain and calling SSL_shutdown() on its internal SSL pointer.
Net::SSLeay::BIO_ssl_shutdown($ssl_bio);
# $ssl_bio - value corresponding to openssl's BIO structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_f_ssl.html>
=back
=head3 Low level API: Server side Server Name Indication (SNI) support
=over
=item * set_tlsext_host_name
TBA
=item * get_servername
TBA
=item * get_servername_type
TBA
=item * CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback
B<COMPATIBILITY:> requires at least OpenSSL 0.9.8f
This function is used in a server to support Server side Server Name Indication (SNI).
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, $code)
# $ctx - SSL context
# $code - reference to a subroutine that will be called when a new connection is being initiated
#
# returns: no return value
On the client side:
use set_tlsext_host_name($ssl, $servername) before initiating the SSL connection.
On the server side:
Set up an additional SSL_CTX() for each different certificate;
Add a servername callback to each SSL_CTX() using CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback();
The callback function is required to retrieve the client-supplied servername
with get_servername(ssl). Figure out the right
SSL_CTX to go with that host name, then switch the SSL object to that SSL_CTX
with set_SSL_CTX().
Example:
# set callback
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx,
sub {
my $ssl = shift;
my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h};
} );
More complete example:
# ... initialize Net::SSLeay
my %hostnames = (
'sni1' => { cert=>'sni1.pem', key=>'sni1.key' },
'sni2' => { cert=>'sni2.pem', key=>'sni2.key' },
);
# create a new context for each certificate/key pair
for my $name (keys %hostnames) {
$hostnames{$name}->{ctx} = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($hostnames{$name}->{ctx}, 'ALL');
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($hostnames{$name}->{ctx},
$hostnames{$name}->{cert}, $hostnames{$name}->{key}) or die;
}
# create default context
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_cipher_list($ctx, 'ALL');
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, 'cert.pem','key.pem') or die;
# set callback
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback($ctx, sub {
my $ssl = shift;
my $h = Net::SSLeay::get_servername($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::set_SSL_CTX($ssl, $hostnames{$h}->{ctx}) if exists $hostnames{$h};
} );
# ... later
$s = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($s, fileno($accepted_socket));
Net::SSLeay::accept($s);
=back
=head3 Low level API: NPN (next protocol negotiation) related functions
NPN is being replaced with ALPN, a more recent TLS extension for application
protocol negotiation that's in process of being adopted by IETF. Please look
below for APLN API description.
Simple approach for using NPN support looks like this:
### client side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>'encrypted.google.com:443') or die;
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, ['http1.1','spdy/2']);
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die;
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die;
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
warn "client:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl), "\n";
warn "client:last_status=", Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl), "\n";
### server side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, "t/data/cert.pem", "t/data/key.pem");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, ['spdy/2','http1.1']);
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>'localhost', LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>'tcp', Listen=>20) or die;
while (1) {
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
warn("server:waiting for incoming connection...\n");
my $fd = $sock->accept();
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno);
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
warn "server:negotiated=",Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl),"\n";
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, "length=".length($got));
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
$fd->close();
}
# check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -nextprotoneg http/1.1,spdy/2
Please note that the selection (negotiation) is performed by client side, the server side simply advertise the list of supported protocols.
Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.
#see below documentation for:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Detection of NPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):
use Net::SSLeay;
if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated) {
# do NPN stuff
}
=over
=item * CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1
B<NOTE:> You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on B<client side> of SSL connection.
Simple usage - in this case a "common" negotiation algorithm (as implemented by openssl's function SSL_select_next_proto) is used.
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_server, $callback_data) = @_;
my $status;
# ...
$status = 1; #status can be:
# 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED
# 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED
# 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP
return $status, ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return 2 values
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb($ctx, undef);
=item * CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1
B<NOTE:> You need CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb on B<server side> of SSL connection.
Simple usage:
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of advertised protocols - e.g. ['http1.0', 'http1.1']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub npn_advertised_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $callback_data) = @_;
# ...
return ['http1.1','spdy/2']; # the callback has to return arrayref
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb($ctx, undef);
=item * P_next_proto_negotiated
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1
Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given SSL connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_negotiated($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)
=item * P_next_proto_last_status
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.45 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.1
Returns the result of the last negotiation for given SSL connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_next_proto_last_status($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (integer) negotiation status
# 0 - OPENSSL_NPN_UNSUPPORTED
# 1 - OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED
# 2 - OPENSSL_NPN_NO_OVERLAP
=back
=head3 Low level API: ALPN (application layer protocol negotiation) related functions
Application protocol can be negotiated via two different mechanisms employing
two different TLS extensions: NPN (obsolete) and ALPN (recommended).
The API is rather similar, with slight differences reflecting protocol
specifics. In particular, with ALPN the protocol negotiation takes place on
server, while with NPN the client implements the protocol negotiation logic.
With ALPN, the most basic implementation looks like this:
### client side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr=>'encrypted.google.com:443') or die;
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die;
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno($sock)) or die;
Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl);
warn "client:selected=",Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl), "\n";
### server side
use Net::SSLeay;
use IO::Socket::INET;
Net::SSLeay::initialize();
my $ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new() or die;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL);
Net::SSLeay::set_cert_and_key($ctx, "t/data/cert.pem", "t/data/key.pem");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalAddr=>'localhost', LocalPort=>5443, Proto=>'tcp', Listen=>20) or die;
while (1) {
my $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx);
warn("server:waiting for incoming connection...\n");
my $fd = $sock->accept();
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, $fd->fileno);
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl);
warn "server:selected=",Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl),"\n";
my $got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, "length=".length($got));
Net::SSLeay::free($ssl);
$fd->close();
}
# check with: openssl s_client -connect localhost:5443 -alpn spdy/3,http/1.1
Advanced approach allows you to implement your own negotiation algorithm.
#see below documentation for:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
Detection of ALPN support (works even in older Net::SSLeay versions):
use Net::SSLeay;
if (exists &Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected) {
# do ALPN stuff
}
=over
=item * CTX_set_alpn_select_cb
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2
B<NOTE:> You need CTX_set_alpn_select_cb on B<server side> of TLS connection.
Simple usage - in this case a "common" negotiation algorithm (as implemented by openssl's function SSL_select_next_proto) is used.
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $arrayref);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $arrayref - list of accepted protocols - e.g. ['http/2.0', 'http/1.1', 'spdy/3']
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
Advanced usage (you probably do not need this):
$rv = Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, $perl_callback_function, $callback_data);
# $ctx - value corresponding to openssl's SSL_CTX structure
# $perl_callback_function - reference to perl function
# $callback_data - [optional] data to passed to callback function when invoked
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
# where callback function looks like
sub alpn_select_cb_invoke {
my ($ssl, $arrayref_proto_list_advertised_by_client, $callback_data) = @_;
# ...
if ($negotiated) {
return 'http/2.0';
} else {
return undef;
}
}
To undefine/clear this callback use:
Net::SSleay::CTX_set_alpn_select_cb($ctx, undef);
=item * set_alpn_protos
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2
B<NOTE:> You need set_alpn_protos on B<client side> of TLS connection.
This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by a client.
It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols:
Net::SSLeay::set_alpn_protos($ssl, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
# returns 0 on success
=item * CTX_set_alpn_protos
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2
B<NOTE:> You need CTX_set_alpn_protos on B<client side> of TLS connection.
This adds list of supported application layer protocols to ClientHello message sent by a client.
It advertises the enumeration of supported protocols:
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_alpn_protos($ctx, ['http/1.1', 'http/2.0', 'spdy/3]);
# returns 0 on success
=item * P_alpn_selected
B<COMPATIBILITY:> not available in Net-SSLeay-1.55 and before; requires at least openssl-1.0.2
Returns the name of negotiated protocol for given TLS connection $ssl.
$rv = Net::SSLeay::P_alpn_selected($ssl)
# $ssl - value corresponding to openssl's SSL structure
#
# returns: (string) negotiated protocol name (or undef if no negotiation was done or failed with fatal error)
=back
=head3 Low level API: DANE Support
OpenSSL version 1.0.2 adds preliminary support RFC6698 Domain Authentication of
Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Association within OpenSSL
=over
=item * SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname
B<COMPATIBILITY:> DELETED from net-ssleay, since it is not supported by OpenSSL
In order to facilitate DANE there is additional interface,
SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname, accepting hostname, port and socket type
that returns packed TLSA record. In order to make it even easier there
is additional SSL_ctrl function that calls SSL_get_tlsa_record_byname
for you. Latter is recommended for programmers that wish to maintain
broader binary compatibility, e.g. make application work with both 1.0.2
and prior version (in which case call to SSL_ctrl with new code
returning error would have to be ignored when running with prior version).
Net::SSLeay::get_tlsa_record_byname($name, $port, $type);
=back
=head3 Low level API: Other functions
=over
=item * COMP_add_compression_method
Adds the compression method cm with the identifier id to the list of available compression methods.
This list is globally maintained for all SSL operations within this application.
It cannot be set for specific SSL_CTX or SSL objects.
my $rv = Net::SSLeay::COMP_add_compression_method($id, $cm);
# $id - (integer) compression method id
# 0 to 63: methods defined by the IETF
# 64 to 192: external party methods assigned by IANA
# 193 to 255: reserved for private use
#
# $cm - value corresponding to openssl's COMP_METHOD structure
#
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure (check the error queue to find out the reason)
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_COMP_add_compression_method.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_COMP_add_compression_method.html>
=item * DH_free
Frees the DH structure and its components. The values are erased before the memory is returned to the system.
Net::SSLeay::DH_free($dh);
# $dh - value corresponding to openssl's DH structure
#
# returns: no return value
Check openssl doc L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/DH_new.html|http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/DH_new.html>
=item * FIPS_mode_set
Enable or disable FIPS mode in a FIPS capable OpenSSL.
Net::SSLeay:: FIPS_mode_set($enable);
# $enable - (integer) 1 to enable, 0 to disable
=back
=head3 Low level API: EC related functions
=over
=item * CTX_set_tmp_ecdh
TBA
=item * EC_KEY_free
TBA
=item * EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name
TBA
=back
=head2 Constants
There are many openssl constants available in L<Net::SSLeay>. You can use them like this:
use Net::SSLeay;
print &Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName;
#or
print Net::SSLeay::NID_commonName();
Or you can import them and use:
use Net::SSLeay qw/NID_commonName/;
print &NID_commonName;
#or
print NID_commonName();
#or
print NID_commonName;
The constants names are derived from openssl constants, however constants starting with C<SSL_> prefix
have name with C<SSL_> part stripped - e.g. openssl's constant C<SSL_OP_ALL> is available as C<Net::SSleay::OP_ALL>
The list of all available constant names:
=for comment the next part is the output of: perl helper_script/regen_openssl_constants.pl -gen-pod
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL NID_dsa_2 OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB NID_email_protect OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE NID_ext_key_usage OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT
ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 NID_ext_req OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE
CB_ACCEPT_EXIT NID_friendlyName OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG
CB_ACCEPT_LOOP NID_givenName OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
CB_ALERT NID_hmacWithSHA1 OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA
CB_CONNECT_EXIT NID_id_ad OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
CB_CONNECT_LOOP NID_id_ce OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER
CB_EXIT NID_id_kp OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG
CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE NID_id_pbkdf2 OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING
CB_HANDSHAKE_START NID_id_pe OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG
CB_LOOP NID_id_pkix OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG
CB_READ NID_id_qt_cps OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
CB_READ_ALERT NID_id_qt_unotice OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG
CB_WRITE NID_idea_cbc OP_NON_EXPORT_FIRST
CB_WRITE_ALERT NID_idea_cfb64 OP_NO_COMPRESSION
ERROR_NONE NID_idea_ecb OP_NO_QUERY_MTU
ERROR_SSL NID_idea_ofb64 OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION
ERROR_SYSCALL NID_info_access OP_NO_SSLv2
ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT NID_initials OP_NO_SSLv3
ERROR_WANT_CONNECT NID_invalidity_date OP_NO_TICKET
ERROR_WANT_READ NID_issuer_alt_name OP_NO_TLSv1
ERROR_WANT_WRITE NID_keyBag OP_NO_TLSv1_1
ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP NID_key_usage OP_NO_TLSv1_2
ERROR_ZERO_RETURN NID_localKeyID OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1
EVP_PKS_DSA NID_localityName OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2
EVP_PKS_EC NID_md2 OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
EVP_PKS_RSA NID_md2WithRSAEncryption OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE
EVP_PKT_ENC NID_md5 OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG
EVP_PKT_EXCH NID_md5WithRSA OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG
EVP_PKT_EXP NID_md5WithRSAEncryption OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG
EVP_PKT_SIGN NID_md5_sha1 OP_TLS_D5_BUG
EVP_PK_DH NID_mdc2 OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG
EVP_PK_DSA NID_mdc2WithRSA READING
EVP_PK_EC NID_ms_code_com RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN
EVP_PK_RSA NID_ms_code_ind RSA_3
FILETYPE_ASN1 NID_ms_ctl_sign RSA_F4
FILETYPE_PEM NID_ms_efs R_BAD_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE
F_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE NID_ms_ext_req R_BAD_CHECKSUM
F_CLIENT_HELLO NID_ms_sgc R_BAD_MAC_DECODE
F_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_name R_BAD_RESPONSE_ARGUMENT
F_D2I_SSL_SESSION NID_netscape R_BAD_SSL_FILETYPE
F_GET_CLIENT_FINISHED NID_netscape_base_url R_BAD_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH
F_GET_CLIENT_HELLO NID_netscape_ca_policy_url R_BAD_STATE
F_GET_CLIENT_MASTER_KEY NID_netscape_ca_revocation_url R_BAD_WRITE_RETRY
F_GET_SERVER_FINISHED NID_netscape_cert_extension R_CHALLENGE_IS_DIFFERENT
F_GET_SERVER_HELLO NID_netscape_cert_sequence R_CIPHER_TABLE_SRC_ERROR
F_GET_SERVER_VERIFY NID_netscape_cert_type R_INVALID_CHALLENGE_LENGTH
F_I2D_SSL_SESSION NID_netscape_comment R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SET
F_READ_N NID_netscape_data_type R_NO_CERTIFICATE_SPECIFIED
F_REQUEST_CERTIFICATE NID_netscape_renewal_url R_NO_CIPHER_LIST
F_SERVER_HELLO NID_netscape_revocation_url R_NO_CIPHER_MATCH
F_SSL_CERT_NEW NID_netscape_ssl_server_name R_NO_PRIVATEKEY
F_SSL_GET_NEW_SESSION NID_ns_sgc R_NO_PUBLICKEY
F_SSL_NEW NID_organizationName R_NULL_SSL_CTX
F_SSL_READ NID_organizationalUnitName R_PEER_DID_NOT_RETURN_A_CERTIFICATE
F_SSL_RSA_PRIVATE_DECRYPT NID_pbeWithMD2AndDES_CBC R_PEER_ERROR
F_SSL_RSA_PUBLIC_ENCRYPT NID_pbeWithMD2AndRC2_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_CERTIFICATE
F_SSL_SESSION_NEW NID_pbeWithMD5AndCast5_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_NO_CIPHER
F_SSL_SESSION_PRINT_FP NID_pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC R_PEER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CERTIFICATE_TYPE
F_SSL_SET_FD NID_pbeWithMD5AndRC2_CBC R_PUBLIC_KEY_ENCRYPT_ERROR
F_SSL_SET_RFD NID_pbeWithSHA1AndDES_CBC R_PUBLIC_KEY_IS_NOT_RSA
F_SSL_SET_WFD NID_pbeWithSHA1AndRC2_CBC R_READ_WRONG_PACKET_TYPE
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC2_CBC R_SHORT_READ
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_ASN1 NID_pbe_WithSHA1And128BitRC4 R_SSL_SESSION_ID_IS_DIFFERENT
F_SSL_USE_CERTIFICATE_FILE NID_pbe_WithSHA1And2_Key_TripleDES_CBC R_UNABLE_TO_EXTRACT_PUBLIC_KEY
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY NID_pbe_WithSHA1And3_Key_TripleDES_CBC R_UNKNOWN_REMOTE_ERROR_TYPE
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC2_CBC R_UNKNOWN_STATE
F_SSL_USE_PRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_pbe_WithSHA1And40BitRC4 R_X509_LIB
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY NID_pbes2 SENT_SHUTDOWN
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_ASN1 NID_pbmac1 SESSION_ASN1_VERSION
F_SSL_USE_RSAPRIVATEKEY_FILE NID_pkcs ST_ACCEPT
F_WRITE_PENDING NID_pkcs3 ST_BEFORE
GEN_DIRNAME NID_pkcs7 ST_CONNECT
GEN_DNS NID_pkcs7_data ST_INIT
GEN_EDIPARTY NID_pkcs7_digest ST_OK
GEN_EMAIL NID_pkcs7_encrypted ST_READ_BODY
GEN_IPADD NID_pkcs7_enveloped ST_READ_HEADER
GEN_OTHERNAME NID_pkcs7_signed TLSEXT_STATUSTYPE_ocsp
GEN_RID NID_pkcs7_signedAndEnveloped VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE
GEN_URI NID_pkcs8ShroudedKeyBag VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
GEN_X400 NID_pkcs9 VERIFY_NONE
LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER NID_pkcs9_challengePassword VERIFY_PEER
MBSTRING_ASC NID_pkcs9_contentType V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_GOOD
MBSTRING_BMP NID_pkcs9_countersignature V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_REVOKED
MBSTRING_FLAG NID_pkcs9_emailAddress V_OCSP_CERTSTATUS_UNKNOWN
MBSTRING_UNIV NID_pkcs9_extCertAttributes WRITING
MBSTRING_UTF8 NID_pkcs9_messageDigest X509_LOOKUP
MIN_RSA_MODULUS_LENGTH_IN_BYTES NID_pkcs9_signingTime X509_PURPOSE_ANY
MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER NID_pkcs9_unstructuredAddress X509_PURPOSE_CRL_SIGN
MODE_AUTO_RETRY NID_pkcs9_unstructuredName X509_PURPOSE_NS_SSL_SERVER
MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE NID_private_key_usage_period X509_PURPOSE_OCSP_HELPER
MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS NID_rc2_40_cbc X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_ENCRYPT
NID_OCSP_sign NID_rc2_64_cbc X509_PURPOSE_SMIME_SIGN
NID_SMIMECapabilities NID_rc2_cbc X509_PURPOSE_SSL_CLIENT
NID_X500 NID_rc2_cfb64 X509_PURPOSE_SSL_SERVER
NID_X509 NID_rc2_ecb X509_PURPOSE_TIMESTAMP_SIGN
NID_ad_OCSP NID_rc2_ofb64 X509_TRUST_COMPAT
NID_ad_ca_issuers NID_rc4 X509_TRUST_EMAIL
NID_algorithm NID_rc4_40 X509_TRUST_OBJECT_SIGN
NID_authority_key_identifier NID_rc5_cbc X509_TRUST_OCSP_REQUEST
NID_basic_constraints NID_rc5_cfb64 X509_TRUST_OCSP_SIGN
NID_bf_cbc NID_rc5_ecb X509_TRUST_SSL_CLIENT
NID_bf_cfb64 NID_rc5_ofb64 X509_TRUST_SSL_SERVER
NID_bf_ecb NID_ripemd160 X509_TRUST_TSA
NID_bf_ofb64 NID_ripemd160WithRSA X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS
NID_cast5_cbc NID_rle_compression X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK
NID_cast5_cfb64 NID_rsa X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE
NID_cast5_ecb NID_rsaEncryption X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK
NID_cast5_ofb64 NID_rsadsi X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL
NID_certBag NID_safeContentsBag X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY
NID_certificate_policies NID_sdsiCertificate X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT
NID_client_auth NID_secretBag X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL
NID_code_sign NID_serialNumber X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY
NID_commonName NID_server_auth X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP
NID_countryName NID_sha X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY
NID_crlBag NID_sha1 X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK
NID_crl_distribution_points NID_sha1WithRSA X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_MASK
NID_crl_number NID_sha1WithRSAEncryption X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME
NID_crl_reason NID_shaWithRSAEncryption X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS
NID_delta_crl NID_stateOrProvinceName X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT
NID_des_cbc NID_subject_alt_name X509_V_OK
NID_des_cfb64 NID_subject_key_identifier XN_FLAG_COMPAT
NID_des_ecb NID_surname XN_FLAG_DN_REV
NID_des_ede NID_sxnet XN_FLAG_DUMP_UNKNOWN_FIELDS
NID_des_ede3 NID_time_stamp XN_FLAG_FN_ALIGN
NID_des_ede3_cbc NID_title XN_FLAG_FN_LN
NID_des_ede3_cfb64 NID_undef XN_FLAG_FN_MASK
NID_des_ede3_ofb64 NID_uniqueIdentifier XN_FLAG_FN_NONE
NID_des_ede_cbc NID_x509Certificate XN_FLAG_FN_OID
NID_des_ede_cfb64 NID_x509Crl XN_FLAG_FN_SN
NID_des_ede_ofb64 NID_zlib_compression XN_FLAG_MULTILINE
NID_des_ofb64 NOTHING XN_FLAG_ONELINE
NID_description OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_INTERNALERROR XN_FLAG_RFC2253
NID_desx_cbc OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_MALFORMEDREQUEST XN_FLAG_SEP_COMMA_PLUS
NID_dhKeyAgreement OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SIGREQUIRED XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC
NID_dnQualifier OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_SUCCESSFUL XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK
NID_dsa OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_TRYLATER XN_FLAG_SEP_MULTILINE
NID_dsaWithSHA OCSP_RESPONSE_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED XN_FLAG_SEP_SPLUS_SPC
NID_dsaWithSHA1 OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER XN_FLAG_SPC_EQ
NID_dsaWithSHA1_2 OP_ALL
=head2 INTERNAL ONLY functions (do not use these)
The following functions are not intended for use from outside of L<Net::SSLeay> module.
They might be removed, renamed or changed without prior notice in future version.
Simply B<DO NOT USE THEM>!
=over
=item * hello
=item * blength
=item * constant
=back
=head1 EXAMPLES
One very good example to look at is the implementation of C<sslcat()> in the
C<SSLeay.pm> file.
The following is a simple SSLeay client (with too little error checking :-(
#!/usr/bin/perl
use Socket;
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error) ;
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
($dest_serv, $port, $msg) = @ARGV; # Read command line
$port = getservbyname ($port, 'tcp') unless $port =~ /^\d+$/;
$dest_ip = gethostbyname ($dest_serv);
$dest_serv_params = sockaddr_in($port, $dest_ip);
socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!";
connect (S, $dest_serv_params) or die "connect: $!";
select (S); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Eliminate STDIO buffering
# The network connection is now open, lets fire up SSL
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now("Failed to create SSL_CTX $!");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("Failed to create SSL $!");
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(S)); # Must use fileno
$res = Net::SSLeay::connect($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error("ssl connect");
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
# Exchange data
$res = Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, $msg); # Perl knows how long $msg is
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
CORE::shutdown S, 1; # Half close --> No more output, sends EOF to server
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Perl returns undef on failure
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print $got;
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx);
close S;
The following is a simple SSLeay echo server (non forking):
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use Socket;
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
$our_ip = "\0\0\0\0"; # Bind to all interfaces
$port = 1235;
$sockaddr_template = 'S n a4 x8';
$our_serv_params = pack ($sockaddr_template, &AF_INET, $port, $our_ip);
socket (S, &AF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die "socket: $!";
bind (S, $our_serv_params) or die "bind: $!";
listen (S, 5) or die "listen: $!";
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new () or die_now("CTX_new ($ctx): $!");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
# Following will ask password unless private key is not encrypted
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ctx, 'plain-rsa.pem',
&Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("private key");
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_file ($ctx, 'plain-cert.pem',
&Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("certificate");
while (1) {
print "Accepting connections...\n";
($addr = accept (NS, S)) or die "accept: $!";
select (NS); $| = 1; select (STDOUT); # Piping hot!
($af,$client_port,$client_ip) = unpack($sockaddr_template,$addr);
@inetaddr = unpack('C4',$client_ip);
print "$af connection from " .
join ('.', @inetaddr) . ":$client_port\n";
# We now have a network connection, lets fire up SSLeay...
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now("SSL_new ($ssl): $!");
Net::SSLeay::set_fd($ssl, fileno(NS));
$err = Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_error('ssl accept');
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
# Connected. Exchange some data.
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl); # Returns undef on fail
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n";
Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc ($got)) or die "write: $!";
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down connection
close NS;
}
Yet another echo server. This one runs from C</etc/inetd.conf> so it avoids
all the socket code overhead. Only caveat is opening an rsa key file -
it had better be without any encryption or else it will not know where
to ask for the password. Note how C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT> are wired to SSL.
#!/usr/bin/perl
# /etc/inetd.conf
# ssltst stream tcp nowait root /path/to/server.pl server.pl
# /etc/services
# ssltst 1234/tcp
use Net::SSLeay qw(die_now die_if_ssl_error);
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
chdir '/key/dir' or die "chdir: $!";
$| = 1; # Piping hot!
open LOG, ">>/dev/console" or die "Can't open log file $!";
select LOG; print "server.pl started\n";
$ctx = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new() or die_now "CTX_new ($ctx) ($!)";
$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new($ctx) or die_now "new ($ssl) ($!)";
Net::SSLeay::set_options($ssl, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
and die_if_ssl_error("ssl set options");
# We get already open network connection from inetd, now we just
# need to attach SSLeay to STDIN and STDOUT
Net::SSLeay::set_rfd($ssl, fileno(STDIN));
Net::SSLeay::set_wfd($ssl, fileno(STDOUT));
Net::SSLeay::use_RSAPrivateKey_file ($ssl, 'plain-rsa.pem',
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("private key");
Net::SSLeay::use_certificate_file ($ssl, 'plain-cert.pem',
Net::SSLeay::FILETYPE_PEM);
die_if_ssl_error("certificate");
Net::SSLeay::accept($ssl) and die_if_ssl_err("ssl accept: $!");
print "Cipher `" . Net::SSLeay::get_cipher($ssl) . "'\n";
$got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl);
die_if_ssl_error("ssl read");
print "Got `$got' (" . length ($got) . " chars)\n";
Net::SSLeay::write ($ssl, uc($got)) or die "write: $!";
die_if_ssl_error("ssl write");
Net::SSLeay::free ($ssl); # Tear down the connection
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free ($ctx);
close LOG;
There are also a number of example/test programs in the examples directory:
sslecho.pl - A simple server, not unlike the one above
minicli.pl - Implements a client using low level SSLeay routines
sslcat.pl - Demonstrates using high level sslcat utility function
get_page.pl - Is a utility for getting html pages from secure servers
callback.pl - Demonstrates certificate verification and callback usage
stdio_bulk.pl - Does SSL over Unix pipes
ssl-inetd-serv.pl - SSL server that can be invoked from inetd.conf
httpd-proxy-snif.pl - Utility that allows you to see how a browser
sends https request to given server and what reply
it gets back (very educative :-)
makecert.pl - Creates a self signed cert (does not use this module)
=head1 LIMITATIONS
C<Net::SSLeay::read()> uses an internal buffer of 32KB, thus no single read
will return more. In practice one read returns much less, usually
as much as fits in one network packet. To work around this,
you should use a loop like this:
$reply = '';
while ($got = Net::SSLeay::read($ssl)) {
last if print_errs('SSL_read');
$reply .= $got;
}
Although there is no built-in limit in C<Net::SSLeay::write()>, the network
packet size limitation applies here as well, thus use:
$written = 0;
while ($written < length($message)) {
$written += Net::SSLeay::write($ssl, substr($message, $written));
last if print_errs('SSL_write');
}
Or alternatively you can just use the following convenience functions:
Net::SSLeay::ssl_write_all($ssl, $message) or die "ssl write failure";
$got = Net::SSLeay::ssl_read_all($ssl) or die "ssl read failure";
=head1 KNOWN BUGS AND CAVEATS
Autoloader emits a
Argument "xxx" isn't numeric in entersub at blib/lib/Net/SSLeay.pm'
warning if die_if_ssl_error is made autoloadable. If you figure out why,
drop me a line.
Callback set using C<SSL_set_verify()> does not appear to work. This may
well be an openssl problem (e.g. see C<ssl/ssl_lib.c> line 1029). Try using
C<SSL_CTX_set_verify()> instead and do not be surprised if even this stops
working in future versions.
Callback and certificate verification stuff is generally too little tested.
Random numbers are not initialized randomly enough, especially if you
do not have C</dev/random> and/or C</dev/urandom> (such as in Solaris
platforms - but it's been suggested that cryptorand daemon from the SUNski
package solves this). In this case you should investigate third party
software that can emulate these devices, e.g. by way of a named pipe
to some program.
Another gotcha with random number initialization is randomness
depletion. This phenomenon, which has been extensively discussed in
OpenSSL, Apache-SSL, and Apache-mod_ssl forums, can cause your
script to block if you use C</dev/random> or to operate insecurely
if you use C</dev/urandom>. What happens is that when too much
randomness is drawn from the operating system's randomness pool
then randomness can temporarily be unavailable. C</dev/random> solves
this problem by waiting until enough randomness can be gathered - and
this can take a long time since blocking reduces activity in the
machine and less activity provides less random events: a vicious circle.
C</dev/urandom> solves this dilemma more pragmatically by simply returning
predictable "random" numbers. SomeC< /dev/urandom> emulation software
however actually seems to implement C</dev/random> semantics. Caveat emptor.
I've been pointed to two such daemons by Mik Firestone <mik@@speed.stdio._com>
who has used them on Solaris 8:
=over
=item 1
Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) at L<http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/>
=item 2
Pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD) at
L<http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
=back
If you are using the low level API functions to communicate with other
SSL implementations, you would do well to call
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options($ctx, &Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL)
or die_if_ssl_error("ssl ctx set options");
to cope with some well know bugs in some other SSL
implementations. The high level API functions always set all known
compatibility options.
Sometimes C<sslcat()> (and the high level HTTPS functions that build on it)
is too fast in signaling the EOF to legacy HTTPS servers. This causes
the server to return empty page. To work around this problem you can
set the global variable
$Net::SSLeay::slowly = 1; # Add sleep so broken servers can keep up
HTTP/1.1 is not supported. Specifically this module does not know to
issue or serve multiple http requests per connection. This is a serious
shortcoming, but using the SSL session cache on your server helps to
alleviate the CPU load somewhat.
As of version 1.09 many newer OpenSSL auxiliary functions were
added (from C<REM_AUTOMATICALLY_GENERATED_1_09> onwards in C<SSLeay.xs>).
Unfortunately I have not had any opportunity to test these. Some of
them are trivial enough that I believe they "just work", but others
have rather complex interfaces with function pointers and all. In these
cases you should proceed wit great caution.
This module defaults to using OpenSSL automatic protocol negotiation
code for automatically detecting the version of the SSL protocol
that the other end talks. With most web servers this works just
fine, but once in a while I get complaints from people that the module
does not work with some web servers. Usually this can be solved
by explicitly setting the protocol version, e.g.
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 2; # Insist on SSLv2
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 3; # Insist on SSLv3
$Net::SSLeay::ssl_version = 10; # Insist on TLSv1
Although the autonegotiation is nice to have, the SSL standards
do not formally specify any such mechanism. Most of the world has
accepted the SSLeay/OpenSSL way of doing it as the de facto standard. But
for the few that think differently, you have to explicitly speak
the correct version. This is not really a bug, but rather a deficiency
in the standards. If a site refuses to respond or sends back some
nonsensical error codes (at the SSL handshake level), try this option
before mailing me.
On some systems, OpenSSL may be compiled without support for SSLv2.
If this is the case, Net::SSLeay will warn if ssl_version has been set
to 2.
The high level API returns the certificate of the peer, thus allowing
one to check what certificate was supplied. However, you will only be
able to check the certificate after the fact, i.e. you already sent
your form data by the time you find out that you did not trust them,
oops.
So, while being able to know the certificate after the fact is surely
useful, the security minded would still choose to do the connection
and certificate verification first and only then exchange data
with the site. Currently none of the high level API functions do
this, thus you would have to program it using the low level API. A
good place to start is to see how the C<Net::SSLeay::http_cat()> function
is implemented.
The high level API functions use a global file handle C<SSLCAT_S>
internally. This really should not be a problem because there is no
way to interleave the high level API functions, unless you use threads
(but threads are not very well supported in perl anyway (as of version
5.6.1). However, you may run into problems if you call undocumented
internal functions in an interleaved fashion. The best solution is to "require Net::SSLeay"
in one thread after all the threads have been created.
=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
=over
=item Random number generator not seeded!!!
B<(W)> This warning indicates that C<randomize()> was not able to read
C</dev/random> or C</dev/urandom>, possibly because your system does not
have them or they are differently named. You can still use SSL, but
the encryption will not be as strong.
=item open_tcp_connection: destination host not found:`server' (port 123) ($!)
Name lookup for host named C<server> failed.
=item open_tcp_connection: failed `server', 123 ($!)
The name was resolved, but establishing the TCP connection failed.
=item msg 123: 1 - error:140770F8:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown proto
SSLeay error string. The first number (123) is the PID, the second number
(1) indicates the position of the error message in SSLeay error stack.
You often see a pile of these messages as errors cascade.
=item msg 123: 1 - error:02001002::lib(2) :func(1) :reason(2)
The same as above, but you didn't call load_error_strings() so SSLeay
couldn't verbosely explain the error. You can still find out what it
means with this command:
/usr/local/ssl/bin/ssleay errstr 02001002
=item Password is being asked for private key
This is normal behaviour if your private key is encrypted. Either
you have to supply the password or you have to use an unencrypted
private key. Scan OpenSSL.org for the FAQ that explains how to
do this (or just study examples/makecert.pl which is used
during C<make test> to do just that).
=back
=head1 SECURITY
You can mitigate some of the security vulnerabilities that might be present in your SSL/TLS application:
=head2 BEAST Attack
http://blogs.cisco.com/security/beat-the-beast-with-tls/
https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/17/mitigating-the-beast-attack-on-tls
http://blog.zoller.lu/2011/09/beast-summary-tls-cbc-countermeasures.html
The BEAST attack relies on a weakness in the way CBC mode is used in SSL/TLS.
In OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d and later, the protocol-level mitigation is enabled by default,
thus making it not vulnerable to the BEAST attack.
Solutions:
=over
=item * Compile with OpenSSL versions 0.9.6d or later, which enables SSL_OP_ALL by default
=item * Ensure SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS is not enabled (its not enabled by default)
=item * Don't support SSLv2, SSLv3
=item * Actively control the ciphers your server supports with set_cipher_list:
=back
Net::SSLeay::set_cipher_list($ssl, 'RC4-SHA:HIGH:!ADH');
=head2 Session Resumption
http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html
The SSL Labs vulnerability test on your SSL server might report in red:
Session resumption No (IDs assigned but not accepted)
This report is not really bug or a vulnerability, since the server will not
accept session resumption requests.
However, you can prevent this noise in the report by disabling the session cache altogether:
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_session_cache_mode($ssl_ctx, 0);
=head2 Secure Renegotiation and DoS Attack
https://community.qualys.com/blogs/securitylabs/2011/10/31/tls-renegotiation-and-denial-of-service-attacks
This is not a "security flaw," it is more of a DoS vulnerability.
Solutions:
=over
=item * Do not support SSLv2
=item * Do not set the SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION option
=item * Compile with OpenSSL 0.9.8m or later
=back
=head1 BUGS AND SUPPORT
Please report any bugs or feature requests to
C<bug-Net-SSLeay at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
L<http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Net-SSLeay>.
I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on
your bug as I make changes.
Subversion access to the latest source code etc can be obtained at
L<http://alioth.debian.org/projects/net-ssleay>
The developer mailing list (for people interested in contributing
to the source code) can be found at
L<http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/net-ssleay-devel>
You can find documentation for this module with the C<perldoc> command.
perldoc Net::SSLeay
You can also look for information at:
=over 4
=item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation
L<http://annocpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay>
=item * CPAN Ratings
L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Net-SSLeay>
=item * Search CPAN
L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Net-SSLeay>
=back
Commercial support for Net::SSLeay may be obtained from
Symlabs (netssleay@symlabs.com)
Tel: +351-214.222.630
Fax: +351-214.222.637
=head1 AUTHOR
Maintained by Mike McCauley and Florian Ragwitz since November 2005
Originally written by Sampo Kellomäki <sampo@symlabs.com>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1996-2003 Sampo Kellomäki <sampo@symlabs.com>
Copyright (C) 2005-2006 Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
Copyright (C) 2005 Mike McCauley <mikem@airspayce.com>
All Rights Reserved.
Distribution and use of this module is under the same terms as the
OpenSSL package itself (i.e. free, but mandatory attribution; NO
WARRANTY). Please consult LICENSE file in the root of the OpenSSL
distribution, and also included in this distribution.
While the source distribution of this perl module does not contain
Eric's or OpenSSL's code, if you use this module you will use OpenSSL
library. Please give Eric and OpenSSL team credit (as required by
their licenses).
And remember, you, and nobody else but you, are responsible for
auditing this module and OpenSSL library for security problems,
backdoors, and general suitability for your application.
=head1 LICENSE
See the LICENSE file included in this distribution
(ignore this line: this is to keep kwalitee happy by saying: Not GPL)
=head1 SEE ALSO
Net::SSLeay::Handle - File handle interface
./examples - Example servers and a clients
<http://www.openssl.org/> - OpenSSL source, documentation, etc
openssl-users-request@openssl.org - General OpenSSL mailing list
<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2246.txt> - TLS 1.0 specification
<http://www.w3c.org> - HTTP specifications
<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt> - How to send password
<http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/> - Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD)
<http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html>
- pseudo-random number generating daemon (PRNGD)
perl(1)
perlref(1)
perllol(1)
perldoc ~openssl/doc/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_verify.pod
|