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<div class="document" id="mausezahn-user-s-guide">
<h1 class="title">Mausezahn User's Guide</h1>
<h2 class="subtitle" id="part-two-interactive-mode-mops">Part Two - Interactive Mode (MOPS)</h2>
<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="docinfo-name" />
<col class="docinfo-content" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Author:</th>
<td>Herbert Haas</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Address:</th>
<td><pre class="address">
herbert AT perihel DOT at
<a class="last reference external" href="http://www.perihel.at/sec/mz">http://www.perihel.at/sec/mz</a>
</pre>
</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Revision:</th>
<td>0.38.1</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Date:</th>
<td>2010-02-10</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Copyright:</th>
<td>Copyright (c) 2007-2009 by Herbert Haas.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="auto-toc simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#note" id="id1">1 Note</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-mausezahn" id="id2">2 What is Mausezahn?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#disclaimer-and-license" id="id3">3 Disclaimer and License</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#first-steps" id="id4">4 First steps</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-packets" id="id5">5 Defining packets</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-packet-options" id="id6">5.1 General packet options</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-protocol-types" id="id7">5.2 Configuring protocol types</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-a-greater-interval" id="id8">5.3 Configuring a greater interval</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#load-prepared-configurations" id="id9">6 Load prepared configurations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-s-next" id="id10">7 What's next?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dear-users" id="id11">8 Dear users</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="note">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">1 Note</a></h1>
<p>This User's Guide explains Mausezahn's <strong>interactive mode</strong> relying on
<em>Mausezahn's Own Packet System</em> (MOPS). Most new and all more sophisticated
features are implemented inside this subsystem. MOPS provides an interactive
command line interface (similar as the famous Cisco CLI) and is
multi-threaded, allowing you to create an arbitrary number of transmission and
scanning process(es).</p>
<p>The legacy mode aka <em>direct mode*</em> (which allows you to create frames and
packets right from the Linux command line) is still supported and is described
in <a class="reference external" href="http://www.perihel.at/sec/mz/mzguide.html">this document</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-mausezahn">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">2 What is Mausezahn?</a></h1>
<p>Mausezahn is a <strong>fast traffic generator</strong> written in C which allows you to
send nearly every possible and impossible packet. Mausezahn can be used for
example</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>As traffic generator (e. g. to stress multicast networks)</li>
<li>For penetration testing of firewalls and IDS</li>
<li>For DoS attacks on networks (for audit purposes of course)</li>
<li>To find bugs in network software or appliances</li>
<li>For reconnaissance attacks using ping sweeps and port scans</li>
<li>To test network behaviour under strange circumstances (stress test, malformed packets, ...)</li>
<li>As didactical tool during lab exercises</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>...and more. Mausezahn is basically a versatile packet creation tool on the
command line with a simple syntax and online help. It could also be used
within (bash-) scripts to perform combination of tests.</p>
<p>Currently Mausezahn is only available for Linux (and other UNIX-like)
platforms. There will be no Windows version.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="disclaimer-and-license">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">3 Disclaimer and License</a></h1>
<p>Mausezahn is basically a traffic generator as well as a network and firewall
testing tool. Don't use this tool when you are not aware of its consequences
or have only little knowledge about networks and data communication. If you
abuse Mausezahn for unallowed attacks and get caught, or damage something of
your own, then this is completely your fault.</p>
<p>Since version 0.33 Mausezahn is licensed under <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GPLv2</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="first-steps">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">4 First steps</a></h1>
<p>Using the interactive mode requires to start Mausezahn as server:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# mz -x
</pre>
<p>Now you can Telnet to that server using the default port number 25542, but
also an arbitrary port number can be specified:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# mz -x 99
Mausezahn accepts incoming Telnet connections on port 99.
mz: Problems opening config file. Will use defaults
</pre>
<p>Either from another terminal or from another host try to Telnet to the
Mausezahn server:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
harpo$ telnet groucho 99
Trying 192.168.0.4...
Connected to groucho.
Escape character is '^]'.
------------------------------------------
Mausezahn, version 0.38
Copyright (C) 2007-2009 by Herbert Haas.
------------------------------------------
Mausezahn comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type 'warranty'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; see COPYING
(included in the Mausezahn source package) for details.
For Mausezahn NEWS visit http://www.perihel.at/sec/mz/
Username: mz
Password: mz
mz-0.38> enable
Password: mops
mz-0.38#
</pre>
<p>It is recommended to configure your own login credentials in
<strong>/etc/mausezahn/mz.cfg</strong>, such as:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
user = herbert
password = TopSecret
enable = MauseZa#n42
</pre>
<p>Since you reached the Mausezahn prompt, lets try some first commands. You can
use the '?' character at any time for a contect-sensitive help.</p>
<p>First try out the <strong>show</strong> command:</p>
<blockquote>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>mz-0.38# show ?</dt>
<dd>packet Show defined packets
interfaces Show detailed interface information
mops Show MOPS details
set List general packet parameters
arp Show the advanced Mausezahn ARP table
license Show license and warranty details</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<p>Mausezahn maintains its own ARP table and observes anomalies. There is an
entry for every physical interface (however this host has only one):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# sh arp
Intf Index IP address MAC address last Ch UCast BCast Info
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
eth0 [1] D 192.168.0.1 00:09:5b:9a:15:84 23:44:41 1 1 0 0000
</pre>
<p>The column <strong>Ch</strong> tells us that the announced MAC address has only changed one
time (= when it was learned). The columns <strong>Ucast</strong> and <strong>BCast</strong> tell us how
often this entry was announced via unicast or broadcast respectively.</p>
<p>Let's check our interfaces:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# show interface
Available network interfaces:
real real used (fake) used (fake)
device IPv4 address MAC address IPv4 address MAC address
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> eth0 192.168.0.4 00:30:05:76:2e:8d 192.168.0.4 00:30:05:76:2e:8d
lo 127.0.0.1 00:00:00:00:00:00 127.0.0.1 00:00:00:00:00:00
2 interfaces found.
Default interface is eth0.
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="defining-packets">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">5 Defining packets</a></h1>
<p>Let's check the current packet list:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# sh packet
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
1 packets defined, 0 active.
</pre>
<p>We notice that there is already one system-defined packet process; it has been
created and used only once (during startup) by Mausezahn's ARP service.
Currently its state is <strong>config</strong> which means that the process is sleeping.</p>
<div class="section" id="general-packet-options">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">5.1 General packet options</a></h2>
<p>Now let's create our own packet process and therefore switch into the <strong>global
configuration mode</strong>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# configure term
mz-0.38(config)# packet
Allocated new packet PKT0002 at slot 2
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# ?
...
name Assign a unique name
description Assign a packet description text
bind Select the network interface
count Configure the packet count value
delay Configure the inter-packet delay
interval Configure a greater interval
type Specify packet type
mac Configure packet's MAC addresses
tag Configure tags
payload Configure a payload
port Configure packet's port numbers
end End packet configuration mode
ethernet Configure frame's Ethernet, 802.2, 802.3, or SNAP settings
ip Configure packet's IP settings
udp Configure packet's UDP header parameters
tcp Configure packet's TCP header parameters
</pre>
<p>Here are a lot of options but normally you only need a few of them. When you
configure lots of different packets you might assign a reasonable name and
description for them:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# name Test
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# desc This is just a test
</pre>
<p>You can e. g. change the default settings for the source and destination
MAC/IP addresses using the <strong>mac</strong> and <strong>ip</strong> commands:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# ip address dest 10.1.1.0 /24
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# ip addr source random
</pre>
<p>In the example above we configured a range of addresses (all hosts in the
network 10.1.1.0 should be addressed). Additionally we spoof our source IP
address.</p>
<p>Of course We can add one or more VLAN and/or MPLS tag(s):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# tag ?
dot1q Configure 802.1Q (and 802.1P) parameters
mpls Configure MPLS label stack
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# tag dot ?
Configure 802.1Q tags:
VLAN[:CoS] [VLAN[:CoS]] ... The leftmost tag is the outer tag in the frame
remove <tag-nr> | all Remove one or more tags (<tag-nr> starts with 1),
by default the first (=leftmost,outer) tag is removed,
keyword 'all' can be used instead of tag numbers.
cfi | nocfi [<tag-nr>] Set or unset the CFI-bit in any tag (by default
assuming the first tag).
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# tag dot 1:7 200:5
</pre>
<p>Configure <strong>count</strong> and <strong>delay</strong>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# count 1000
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# delay ?
delay <value> [hour | min | sec | msec | usec | nsec]
Specify the inter-packet delay in hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds,
or nanoseconds. The default unit is milliseconds (i. e. when no unit is given).
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# delay 1 msec
Inter-packet delay set to 0 sec and 1000000 nsec
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)#
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-protocol-types">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">5.2 Configuring protocol types</a></h2>
<p>Mausezahn's <em>interactive mode</em> supports a growing list of protocols and only
relies on the MOPS architecture (and not on libnet as it is the case with the
legacy <em>direct mode</em>):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# type
Specify a packet type from the following list:
arp
bpdu
igmp
ip
lldp
tcp
udp
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# type tcp
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2-tcp)#
....
seqnr Configure the TCP sequence number
acknr Configure the TCP acknowledgement number
hlen Configure the TCP header length
reserved Configure the TCP reserved field
flags Configure a combination of TCP flags at once
cwr Set or unset the TCP CWR flag
ece Set or unset the TCP ECE flag
urg Set or unset the TCP URG flag
ack set or unset the TCP ACK flag
psh set or unset the TCP PSH flag
rst set or unset the TCP RST flag
syn set or unset the TCP SYN flag
fin set or unset the TCP FIN flag
window Configure the TCP window size
checksum Configure the TCP checksum
urgent-pointer Configure the TCP urgend pointer
options Configure TCP options
end End TCP configuration mode
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2-tcp)# flags syn fin rst
Current setting is: --------------------RST-SYN-FIN
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2-tcp)# end
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# paylo ascii This is a dummy payload for my first packet
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# end
</pre>
<p>Now configure another packet, for example let's assume we want an LLDP process:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config)# packet
Allocated new packet PKT0003 at slot 3
mz-0.38(config-pkt-3)# ty lldp
mz-0.38(config-pkt-3-lldp)# exit
mz-0.38(config)# exit
</pre>
<p>In the above example we only use the default LLDP settings and don't configure
further LLDP options or TLVs.</p>
<p>Back in the top level of the CLI let's verify what we had done:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# sh pa
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 Test E-Q-IT 125 config eth0 1000 usec 1000/1000 (0%)
3 PKT0003 E----- LLDP 36 config eth0 30 sec 0/0 (0%)
3 packets defined, 0 active.
</pre>
<p>The column <strong>Layers</strong> indicates which major protocols have been combined. For example the
packet with packet-id 2 ("Test") utilizes Ethernet (E), IP (I), and TCP (T). Additionally an
802.1Q tag (Q) has been inserted.</p>
<p>Now <strong>start</strong> one of these packet processes:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# start slot 3
Activate [3]
mz-0.38# sh pac
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 Test E-Q-IT 125 config eth0 1000 usec 1000/1000 (0%)
3 PKT0003 E----- LLDP 36 config eth0 30 sec 0/1 (0%)
3 packets defined, 1 active.
</pre>
<p>Let's have a more detailed look at a specific packet process:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# sh pac 2
Packet [2] Test
Description: This is just a test
State: config, Count=1000, delay=1000 usec (0 s 1000000 nsec), interval= (undefined)
Headers:
Ethernet: 00-30-05-76-2e-8d => ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff [0800 after 802.1Q tag]
Auto-delivery is ON (that is, the actual MAC is adapted upon transmission)
802.1Q: 0 tag(s); (VLAN:CoS)
IP: SA=192.168.0.4 (not random) (no range)
DA=255.255.255.255 (no range)
ToS=0x00 proto=17 TTL=255 ID=0 offset=0 flags: -|-|-
len=49664(correct) checksum=0x2e8d(correct)
TCP: 83 bytes segment size (including TCP header)
SP=0 (norange) (not random), DP=0 (norange) (not random)
SQNR=3405691582 (start 0, stop 4294967295, delta 0) -- ACKNR=0 (invalid)
Flags: ------------------------SYN----, reserved field is 00, urgent pointer= 0
Announced window size= 100
Offset= 0 (times 32 bit; value is valid), checksum= ffff (valid)
(No TCP options attached) - 0 bytes defined
Payload size: 43 bytes
Frame size: 125 bytes
1 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:30 05:76:2e:8d:81:00:e0:01 81:00:a0:c8:08:00:45:00 00:67:00:00:00:00:ff:06
33 fa:e4:c0:a8:00:04:ff:ff ff:ff:00:00:00:00:ca:fe ba:be:00:00:00:00:a0:07 00:64:f7:ab:00:00:02:04
65 05:ac:04:02:08:0a:19:35 90:c3:00:00:00:00:01:03 03:05:54:68:69:73:20:69 73:20:61:20:64:75:6d:6d
97 79:20:70:61:79:6c:6f:61 64:20:66:6f:72:20:6d:79 20:66:69:72:73:74:20:70 61:63:6b:65:74
mz-0.38#
</pre>
<p>If you want to stop one or more packet processes, use the <strong>stop</strong> command. The "emergency
stop" is when you use <strong>stop all</strong>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# stop all
Stopping
[3] PKT0003
Stopped 1 transmission processe(s)
</pre>
<p>The <strong>launch</strong> command provides a shortcut for commonly used packet processes. For example to
behave like a STP-capable bridge we want to start an BPDU process with typical parameters:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# laun bpdu
Allocated new packet sysBPDU at slot 5
mz-0.38# sh pac
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 Test E-Q-IT 125 config eth0 1000 usec 1000/1000 (0%)
3 PKT0003 E----- LLDP 36 config eth0 30 sec 0/12 (0%)
4 PKT0004 E---I- IGMP 46 config eth0 100 msec 0/0 (0%)
5 sysBPDU ES---- BPDU 29 active eth0 2 sec 0/1 (0%)
5 packets defined, 1 active.
</pre>
<p>Now a Configuration BPDU is sent every 2 seconds, claiming to be the root bridge (and usually
confusing the LAN. Note that only packet 5 (i. e. the last row) is active and therefore sending
packets while all other packets are in state <strong>config</strong> (i. e. they have been configured but
they are not doing anything at the moment).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="configuring-a-greater-interval">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">5.3 Configuring a greater interval</a></h2>
<p>Sometimes you may want to send a burst of packets at a greater interval:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38(config)# pac 2
Modify packet parameters for packet Test [2]
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# interv
Configure a greater packet interval in days, hours, minutes, or seconds
Arguments: <value> <days | hours | minutes | seconds>
Use a zero value to disable an interval.
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# interv 1 h
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# count 10
mz-0.38(config-pkt-2)# delay 15 usec
Inter-packet delay set to 0 sec and 15000 nsec
</pre>
<p>Now this packet is sent ten times with an inter-packet delay of 15 microsecond and this is
repeated every hour. When you look at the packet list, an interval is indicated with the
additional flag 'i' when inactive or 'I' when active:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# sh pa
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 Test E-Q-IT 125 config-i eth0 15 usec 10/10 (0%)
3 PKT0003 E----- LLDP 36 config eth0 30 sec 0/12 (0%)
4 PKT0004 E---I- IGMP 46 config eth0 100 msec 0/0 (0%)
5 sysBPDU ES---- BPDU 29 active eth0 2 sec 0/251 (0%)
5 packets defined, 1 active.
mz-0.38# start sl 2
Activate [2]
mz-0.38# sh pa
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 Test E-Q-IT 125 config+I eth0 15 usec 10/0 (100%)
3 PKT0003 E----- LLDP 36 config eth0 30 sec 0/12 (0%)
4 PKT0004 E---I- IGMP 46 config eth0 100 msec 0/0 (0%)
5 sysBPDU ES---- BPDU 29 active eth0 2 sec 0/256 (0%)
5 packets defined, 1 active.
</pre>
<p>Note that the flag 'I' indicates that an interval has been specified for packet 2. The process
is not active at the moment (only packet 5 is active here) but it will become active in a
regular interval. You can verify the actual interval when viewing the packet details via the <strong>show
packet 2</strong> command.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="load-prepared-configurations">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">6 Load prepared configurations</a></h1>
<p>You can prepare packet configurations using the same commands as you would type them in on the
CLI and then load them to the CLI.</p>
<p>For example assume we have prepared a file 'test.mops' containing:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
configure terminal
packet
name IGMP_TEST
desc This is only a demonstration how to load a file to mops
type igmp
</pre>
<p>Then we can add this packet configuration to our packet list using the <strong>load</strong> command:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
mz-0.38# load test.mops
Read commands from test.mops...
Allocated new packet PKT0002 at slot 2
mz-0.38# sh pa
Packet layer flags: E=Ethernet, S=SNAP, Q=802.1Q, M=MPLS, I/i=IP/delivery_off, U=UDP, T=TCP
PktID PktName Layers Proto Size State Device Delay Count/CntX
1 sysARP_servic... E----- ARP 60 config lo 100 msec 1/0 (100%)
2 IGMP_TEST E---I- IGMP 46 config eth0 100 msec 0/0 (0%)
2 packets defined, 0 active.
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-s-next">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">7 What's next?</a></h1>
<p>The following features are planned, some of them are already experimental
and will be available soon:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Other basic protocols, including RTP</li>
<li>Scanning processes</li>
<li>Logging processes</li>
<li>IPv6</li>
<li>Custom protocols via XML</li>
<li>Object oriented configuration</li>
<li>Benchmarking according RFC 2544 (device under tests)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>and many others (the true list is much longer). Also a GUI is in preparation (which will surely not
replace the CLI).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dear-users">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">8 Dear users</a></h1>
<p>Mausezahn is still under heavy development and you may expect new features
very soon.</p>
<p><strong>Please report</strong> to <em>herbert AT perihel DOT at</em> regarding:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Bugs</li>
<li>Important features you miss</li>
<li>How you used Mausezahn (I am really interested in practical problems)</li>
<li>Interesting observations with Mausezahn at the network</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
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