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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<div class="refentry">
<a name="using-cli"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<h2><span class="refentrytitle">VIPS from the command-line</span></h2>
<p>Using VIPS — How to use the VIPS library from the command-line</p>
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<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-intro"></a><h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>
      Use the <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> command to execute VIPS operations from 
      the command-line. For example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips rot k2.jpg x.jpg d90
</pre>
<p>

      Will rotate the image <code class="literal">k2.jpg</code> by 90 degrees 
      anticlockwise and write the result to the file <code class="literal">x.jpg</code>. 
      If you don't give any arguments to an operation, 
      <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> will give a short description, for example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips rot 
rotate an image
usage:
   rot in out angle
where:
   in           - Input image, input VipsImage
   out          - Output image, output VipsImage
   angle        - Angle to rotate image, input VipsAngle
                        default: d90
                        allowed: d0, d90, d180, d270
</pre>
<p>

      There's a straightforward relationship with the C API: compare this to 
      the API docs for <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-rot" title="vips_rot ()"><code class="function">vips_rot()</code></a>, for example.
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-list"></a><h4>Listing all operations</h4>
<p>
      You can list all classes with:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips -l
... 
VipsOperation (operation), operations
  VipsSystem (system), run an external command
  VipsArithmetic (arithmetic), arithmetic operations
    VipsBinary (binary), binary operations
      VipsAdd (add), add two images
      ... etc.
</pre>
<p>

      Each line shows the canonical name of the class (for example 
      <code class="literal">VipsAdd</code>), the class nickname 
      (<code class="literal">add</code> in this case), and a short description. 
      Some subclasses of operation will show more: for example, subclasses of 
      <code class="literal">VipsForeign</code> will show some of the extra flags 
      supported by the file load/save operations. 
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-options"></a><h4>Optional arguments</h4>
<p>
      Many operations take optional arguments. You can supply these as 
      command-line options, for example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips gamma
gamma an image
usage:
   gamma in out
where:
   in           - Input image, input VipsImage
   out          - Output image, output VipsImage
optional arguments:
   exponent     - Gamma factor, input gdouble
                  default: 2.4
                  min: 1e-06, max: 1000
operation flags: sequential-unbuffered 
</pre>
<p>

      <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-gamma" title="vips_gamma ()"><code class="function">vips_gamma()</code></a> applies a gamma factor to an image. By 
      default, it uses 2.4, the sRGB gamma factor, but you can specify any 
      gamma with the <code class="literal">exponent</code> option. 
    </p>
<p>
      Use it from the command-line like this:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips gamma k2.jpg x.jpg --exponent 0.42
</pre>
<p>

      This will read file <code class="literal">k2.jpg</code>, un-gamma it, and 
      write the result to file <code class="literal">x.jpg</code>.
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-array"></a><h4>Array arguments</h4>
<p>
      Some operations take arrays of values as arguments, for example, 
      <a class="link" href="libvips-resample.html#vips-affine" title="vips_affine ()"><code class="function">vips_affine()</code></a> needs an array of four numbers for the 
      2x2 transform matrix. You pass arrays as space-separated lists, for 
      example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips affine k2.jpg x.jpg "2 0 0 1"
</pre>
<p>

      You may need the quotes to stop your shell breaking the argument at 
      the spaces. <a class="link" href="libvips-conversion.html#vips-bandjoin" title="vips_bandjoin ()"><code class="function">vips_bandjoin()</code></a> needs an array of input images to 
      join, run it like this:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips bandjoin "k2.jpg k4.jpg" x.tif
</pre>
<p>
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-conversion"></a><h4>Implicit file format conversion</h4>
<p>
      <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> will automatically convert between image file 
      formats for you. Input images are detected by sniffing their first few 
      bytes; output formats are set from the filename suffix. You can see a 
      list of all the supported file formats with something like:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips -l foreign
</pre>
<p>

      Then get a list of the options a format supports with, for example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ vips jpegsave
</pre>
<p>
    </p>
<p>
      You can pass options to the implicit load and save operations enclosed 
      in square brackets after the filename. For example:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
vips affine k2.jpg x.jpg[Q=90,strip] "2 0 0 1"
</pre>
<p>

      Will write <code class="literal">x.jpg</code> at quality level 90 and will 
      strip all metadata from the image.
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-chaining"></a><h4>Chaining operations</h4>
<p>
      Because each operation runs in a separate process, you can't use 
      libvips's chaining system to join operations together, you have to use 
      intermediate files. The command-line interface is therefore quite a bit 
      slower than Python or C. 
    </p>
<p>
      The best alternative is to use vips files for intermediates. 
      Something like:

</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
vips invert input.jpg t1.v
vips affine t1.v output.jpg "2 0 0 1"
rm t1.v
</pre>
<p>
    </p>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="using-command-line-other"></a><h4>Other features</h4>
<p>
      Finally, <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> has a couple of useful extra options. 

      </p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p>
            Use <code class="option">--vips-progress</code> to get 
            <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> to display a simple progress indicator. 
          </p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>
            Use <code class="option">--vips-leak</code> and <span class="command"><strong>vips</strong></span> will 
            leak-test on exit, and also display an estimate of peak memory use.
          </p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
    </p>
<p>
      VIPS comes with a couple of other useful programs. 
      <span class="command"><strong>vipsheader</strong></span> is a command which can print image header
      fields. <span class="command"><strong>vipsedit</strong></span> can change fields in vips format 
      images. <span class="command"><strong>vipsthumbnail</strong></span> can make image thumbnails 
      quickly. 
    </p>
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