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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>16 Macros</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">►</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Racket Guide</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="intro.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Welcome to Racket</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="to-scheme.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Racket Essentials</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="datatypes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Built-<wbr></wbr>In Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="scheme-forms.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Expressions and Definitions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="define-struct.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Programmer-<wbr></wbr>Defined Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="modules.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Modules</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="contracts.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="i_o.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Input and Output</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9 </td><td><a href="regexp.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Regular Expressions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">10 </td><td><a href="control.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Exceptions and Control</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">11 </td><td><a href="for.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Iterations and Comprehensions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">12 </td><td><a href="match.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pattern Matching</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">13 </td><td><a href="classes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Classes and Objects</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">14 </td><td><a href="units.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Units</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">15 </td><td><a href="reflection.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Reflection and Dynamic Evaluation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Macros</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">17 </td><td><a href="languages.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Creating Languages</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">18 </td><td><a href="concurrency.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Concurrency and Synchronization</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">19 </td><td><a href="performance.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Performance</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">20 </td><td><a href="parallelism.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Parallelism</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">21 </td><td><a href="running.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Running and Creating Executables</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">22 </td><td><a href="More_Libraries.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">More Libraries</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">23 </td><td><a href="dialects.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Dialects of Racket and Scheme</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">24 </td><td><a href="other-editors.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Command-<wbr></wbr>Line Tools and Your Editor of Choice</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right"></td><td><a href="doc-bibliography.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Bibliography</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right"></td><td><a href="doc-index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Index</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="tocviewlist"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_1");">▼</a></td><td>16 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Macros</a></td></tr></table><div class="tocviewsublistbottom" style="display: block;" id="tocview_1"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">16.1 </td><td><a href="pattern-macros.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pattern-<wbr></wbr>Based Macros</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16.2 </td><td><a href="proc-macros.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">General Macro Transformers</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.7");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="load.html" title="backward to "15.3 Scripting Evaluation and Using load"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="index.html" title="up to "The Racket Guide"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="pattern-macros.html" title="forward to "16.1 Pattern-Based Macros"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div><h3 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/guide/guide.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""macros"">16<tt> </tt><a name="(part._macros)"></a>Macros</h3><p>A <a name="(tech._macro)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">macro</span> is a syntactic form with an associated
<a name="(tech._transformer)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">transformer</span> that <a name="(tech._expand)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">expands</span> the original form
into existing forms. To put it another way, a macro is an
extension to the Racket compiler. Most of the syntactic forms of
<a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=6.7" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a> and <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=6.7" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket</span></a> are
actually macros that expand into a small set of core constructs.</p><p>Like many languages, Racket provides pattern-based macros that
make simple transformations easy to implement and reliable to
use. Racket also supports arbitrary macro transformers that are
implemented in Racket—<wbr></wbr>or in a macro-extended variant of Racket.</p><p>(For a bottom-up introduction of Racket macro, you may refer to: <a href="http://www.greghendershott.com/fear-of-macros/">Fear of Macros</a>)</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1<span class="hspace"> </span>Pattern-Based Macros</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._define-syntax-rule%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.1<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">define-syntax-rule</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._.Lexical_.Scope%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.2<span class="hspace"> </span>Lexical Scope</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._define-syntax_and_syntax-rules%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.3<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">define-syntax</span></span> and <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">syntax-rules</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._.Matching_.Sequences%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.4<span class="hspace"> </span>Matching Sequences</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._.Identifier_.Macros%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.5<span class="hspace"> </span>Identifier Macros</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._set__.Transformers%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.6<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">set!</span></span> Transformers</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._.Macro-.Generating_.Macros%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.7<span class="hspace"> </span>Macro-Generating Macros</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="pattern-macros.html#%28part._pattern-macro-example%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.1.8<span class="hspace"> </span>Extended Example: Call-by-Reference Functions</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="proc-macros.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2<span class="hspace"> </span>General Macro Transformers</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="stx-obj.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.1<span class="hspace"> </span>Syntax Objects</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="macro-transformers.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.2<span class="hspace"> </span>Macro Transformer Procedures</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="syntax-case.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.3<span class="hspace"> </span>Mixing Patterns and Expressions: <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">syntax-case</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="with-syntax.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.4<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktStxLink">with-syntax</span></span> and <span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">generate-temporaries</span></span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="stx-phases.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.5<span class="hspace"> </span>Compile and Run-Time Phases</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="phases.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.6<span class="hspace"> </span>General Phase Levels</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="phases.html#%28part._.Phases_and_.Bindings%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.6.1<span class="hspace"> </span>Phases and Bindings</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="phases.html#%28part._.Phases_and_.Modules%29" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.6.2<span class="hspace"> </span>Phases and Modules</a></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="hspace"> </span><a href="stx-certs.html" class="toclink" data-pltdoc="x">16.2.7<span class="hspace"> </span>Syntax Taints</a></p></td></tr></table><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; 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