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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>1.9 Compiling to Raw Bytecode</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">►</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Racket Command-<wbr></wbr>Line Tools</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="make.html" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco make</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Compiling Source to Bytecode</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="exe.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco exe</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Creating Stand-<wbr></wbr>Alone Executables</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="exe-dist.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco distribute</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Sharing Stand-<wbr></wbr>Alone Executables</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="planet.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco planet</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Automatic Package Distribution</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="pkg.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco pkg</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Package Management</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="setup.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco setup</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Installation Management</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="decompile.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco decompile</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Decompiling Bytecode</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="demod.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco demod</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Demodularizing Programs</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9 </td><td><a href="link.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco link</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Library Collection Links</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">10 </td><td><a href="plt.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco pack</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Packing Library Collections</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">11 </td><td><a href="unpack.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco unpack</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Unpacking Library Collections</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">12 </td><td><a href="ctool.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco ctool</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Working with C Code</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">13 </td><td><a href="test.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco test</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Run tests</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">14 </td><td><a href="docs.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco docs</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Documentation Search</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">15 </td><td><a href="expand.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco expand</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Macro Expansion</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16 </td><td><a href="read.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco read</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Reading and Pretty-<wbr></wbr>Printing</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">17 </td><td><a href="scribble.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco scribble</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Building Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">18 </td><td><a href="command.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Adding a <span class="stt">raco</span> Command</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">19 </td><td><a href="config-file.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Installation Configuration and Search Paths</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="tocviewlist"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_1");">▼</a></td><td>1 </td><td><a href="make.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="stt">raco make</span>:<span class="mywbr"> </span> Compiling Source to Bytecode</a></td></tr></table><div class="tocviewsublistbottom" style="display: block;" id="tocview_1"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1.1 </td><td><a href="Running_raco_make.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Running <span class="stt">raco make</span></a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.2 </td><td><a href="Bytecode_Files.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Bytecode Files</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.3 </td><td><a href="Dependency_Files.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Dependency Files</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.4 </td><td><a href="API_for_Making_Bytecode.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">API for Making Bytecode</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.5 </td><td><a href="api_parallel-build.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">API for Parallel Builds</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.6 </td><td><a href="cm-accomplice.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Compilation Manager Hook for Syntax Transformers</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.7 </td><td><a href="API_for_Simple_Bytecode_Creation.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">API for Simple Bytecode Creation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.8 </td><td><a href="api_compile-path.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">API for Bytecode Paths</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.9 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Compiling to Raw Bytecode</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">1.10 </td><td><a href="API_for_Raw_Compilation.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">API for Raw Compilation</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.7");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="api_compile-path.html" title="backward to "1.8 API for Bytecode Paths"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="make.html" title="up to "1 raco make: Compiling Source to Bytecode"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="API_for_Raw_Compilation.html" title="forward to "1.10 API for Raw Compilation"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div><h4 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/raco/raco.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""zo"">1.9<tt> </tt><a name="(part._zo)"></a>Compiling to Raw Bytecode</h4><p>The <span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">--no-deps</span></span> mode for <span class="stt">raco make</span> is an improverished
form of the compilation, because it does not track import
dependencies. It does, however, support compilation of non-module
source in an namespace that initially imports <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=scheme&rel=scheme.html&version=6.7" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">scheme</span></a>.</p><p>Outside of a module, top-level <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._define-syntaxes%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-syntaxes</a></span>,
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=module.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._module%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">module</a></span>, <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%7E23%7E25require%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">#%require</a></span>,
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fdefine..rkt%2529._define-values-for-syntax%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-values-for-syntax</a></span>, and <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=begin.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._begin%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">begin</a></span> expressions
are handled specially by <span class="stt">raco make --no-deps</span>: the compile-time
portion of the expression is evaluated, because it might affect later
expressions.</p><p>For example, when compiling the file containing</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">class</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">object%</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">super-new</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>the <span class="RktSym">class</span> form from the <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=mzlib_class.html&version=6.7" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/class</span></a> library
must be bound in the compilation namespace at compile time. Thus, the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span> expression is both compiled (to appear in the output
code) and evaluated (for further computation).</p><p>Many definition forms expand to <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._define-syntaxes%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-syntaxes</a></span>. For example,
<span class="RktSym">define-signature</span> expands to <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._define-syntaxes%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-syntaxes</a></span>. In
<span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">--no-deps</span></span> mode, <span class="stt">raco make --no-deps</span> detects
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._define-syntaxes%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define-syntaxes</a></span> and other expressions after expansion, so
top-level <span class="RktSym">define-signature</span> expressions affect the compilation
of later expressions, as a programmer would expect.</p><p>In contrast, a <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._load%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">load</a></span> or <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eval%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eval</a></span> expression in a source
file is compiled—<wbr></wbr>but <span style="font-style: italic">not evaluated!</span>—<wbr></wbr>as the source file is
compiled. Even if the <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=eval.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._load%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">load</a></span> expression loads syntax or
signature definitions, these will not be loaded as the file is
compiled. The same is true of application expressions that affect the
reader, such as <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Reading.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._read-case-sensitive%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">read-case-sensitive</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">#t</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. The <span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">-p</span></span> or
<span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">--prefix</span></span> flag for <span class="stt">raco make</span> takes a file and loads it before
compiling the source files specified on the command line.</p><p>By default, the namespace for compilation is initialized by a
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=require.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._require%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span> of <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=scheme&rel=scheme.html&version=6.7" class="RktModLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">scheme</span></a>. If the <span class="nobreak"><span class="stt">--no-prim</span></span>
flag is specified, the namespace is instead initialized with
<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Namespaces.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._namespace-require%252Fcopy%2529%2529&version=6.7" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">namespace-require/copy</a></span>, which allows mutation and
redefinition of all initial bindings (other than syntactic forms, in
the case of mutation).</p><p>In general, a better solution is to put all code to compile into a
module and use <span class="stt">raco make</span> in its default mode.</p><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.7");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="api_compile-path.html" title="backward to "1.8 API for Bytecode Paths"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="make.html" title="up to "1 raco make: Compiling Source to Bytecode"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="API_for_Raw_Compilation.html" title="forward to "1.10 API for Raw Compilation"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div></div></div><div id="contextindicator"> </div></body></html>
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