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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>4.4 Byte Strings</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="extras.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="icons.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">►</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Racket Reference</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="model.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Language Model</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="notation.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Notation for Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="syntax.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Syntactic Forms</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="data.html" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="structures.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Structures</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="mzlib_class.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Classes and Objects</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="mzlib_unit.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Units</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="contracts.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9 </td><td><a href="match.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pattern Matching</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">10 </td><td><a href="control.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Control Flow</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">11 </td><td><a href="concurrency.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Concurrency and Parallelism</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">12 </td><td><a href="Macros.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Macros</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">13 </td><td><a href="input-and-output.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Input and Output</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">14 </td><td><a href="security.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Reflection and Security</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">15 </td><td><a href="os.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Operating System</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16 </td><td><a href="memory.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Memory Management</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">17 </td><td><a href="unsafe.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Unsafe Operations</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">18 </td><td><a href="running.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Running Racket</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right"></td><td><a href="doc-bibliography.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Bibliography</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right"></td><td><a href="doc-index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Index</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="tocviewlist"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_1");">▼</a></td><td>4 </td><td><a href="data.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Datatypes</a></td></tr></table><div class="tocviewsublist" style="display: block;" id="tocview_1"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">4.1 </td><td><a href="booleans.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Booleans and Equality</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.2 </td><td><a href="numbers.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Numbers</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.3 </td><td><a href="strings.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Strings</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.4 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte Strings</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.5 </td><td><a href="characters.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Characters</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.6 </td><td><a href="symbols.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Symbols</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.7 </td><td><a href="regexp.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Regular Expressions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.8 </td><td><a href="keywords.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Keywords</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.9 </td><td><a href="pairs.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pairs and Lists</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.10 </td><td><a href="mpairs.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Mutable Pairs and Lists</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.11 </td><td><a href="vectors.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Vectors</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.12 </td><td><a href="boxes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Boxes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.13 </td><td><a href="hashtables.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Hash Tables</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.14 </td><td><a href="sequences_streams.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Sequences and Streams</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.15 </td><td><a href="dicts.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Dictionaries</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.16 </td><td><a href="sets.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Sets</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.17 </td><td><a href="procedures.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Procedures</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.18 </td><td><a href="void.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Void</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.19 </td><td><a href="undefined.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Undefined</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="tocviewlist"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_2");">►</a></td><td>4.4 </td><td><a href="" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte Strings</a></td></tr></table><div class="tocviewsublistbottom" style="display: none;" id="tocview_2"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">4.4.1 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Byte_.String_.Constructors__.Selectors__and_.Mutators%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte String Constructors, Selectors, and Mutators</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.4.2 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Byte_.String_.Comparisons%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte String Comparisons</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.4.3 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Bytes_to_from_.Characters__.Decoding_and_.Encoding%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Bytes to/<span class="mywbr"> </span>from Characters, Decoding and Encoding</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.4.4 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Bytes_to_.Bytes_.Encoding_.Conversion%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Bytes to Bytes Encoding Conversion</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4.4.5 </td><td><a href="#%28part._.Additional_.Byte_.String_.Functions%29" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Additional Byte String Functions</a></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="tocsub"><div class="tocsubtitle">On this page:</div><table class="tocsublist" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.4.1<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Byte_.String_.Constructors__.Selectors__and_.Mutators%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte String Constructors, Selectors, and Mutators</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-bytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">make-<wbr></wbr>bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>>immutable-<wbr></wbr>bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">byte?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>length</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-ref%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>ref</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-set%21%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>set!</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._subbytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">subbytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>copy</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%21%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>copy!</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-fill%21%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>fill!</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>append</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3elist%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>>list</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list-~3ebytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">list-<wbr></wbr>>bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-shared-bytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">make-<wbr></wbr>shared-<wbr></wbr>bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._shared-bytes%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">shared-<wbr></wbr>bytes</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.4.2<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Byte_.String_.Comparisons%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Byte String Comparisons</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3d~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes=?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes<?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3e~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes>?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.4.3<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Bytes_to_from_.Characters__.Decoding_and_.Encoding%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Bytes to/<span class="mywbr"> </span>from Characters, Decoding and Encoding</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>>string/<span class="mywbr"> </span>utf-<wbr></wbr>8</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flocale%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>>string/<span class="mywbr"> </span>locale</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>>string/<span class="mywbr"> </span>latin-<wbr></wbr>1</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Futf-8%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">string-<wbr></wbr>>bytes/<span class="mywbr"> </span>utf-<wbr></wbr>8</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flocale%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">string-<wbr></wbr>>bytes/<span class="mywbr"> </span>locale</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">string-<wbr></wbr>>bytes/<span class="mywbr"> </span>latin-<wbr></wbr>1</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-utf-8-length%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">string-<wbr></wbr>utf-<wbr></wbr>8-<wbr></wbr>length</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-length%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>utf-<wbr></wbr>8-<wbr></wbr>length</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>utf-<wbr></wbr>8-<wbr></wbr>ref</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>utf-<wbr></wbr>8-<wbr></wbr>index</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.4.4<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Bytes_to_.Bytes_.Encoding_.Conversion%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Bytes to Bytes Encoding Conversion</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>open-<wbr></wbr>converter</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-close-converter%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>close-<wbr></wbr>converter</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>convert</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert-end%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>convert-<wbr></wbr>end</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>converter?</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._locale-string-encoding%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">locale-<wbr></wbr>string-<wbr></wbr>encoding</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><span class="tocsublinknumber">4.4.5<tt> </tt></span><a href="#%28part._.Additional_.Byte_.String_.Functions%29" class="tocsubseclink" data-pltdoc="x">Additional Byte String Functions</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>append*</span></span></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-join%29%29" class="tocsubnonseclink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym"><span class="RktValLink">bytes-<wbr></wbr>join</span></span></a></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="maincolumn"><div class="main"><div class="navsettop"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.7");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="strings.html" title="backward to "4.3 Strings"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="data.html" title="up to "4 Datatypes"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="characters.html" title="forward to "4.5 Characters"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div><h4 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""bytestrings"">4.4<tt> </tt><a name="(part._bytestrings)"></a>Byte Strings</h4><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p><span class="imageleft"><img src="finger.png" alt="+" width="24" height="24"/></span><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=bytestrings.html&version=6.7" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">Bytes and Byte Strings</a> in <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/docs/6.7/html/local-redirect/index.html?doc=guide&rel=index.html&version=6.7" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x"><span style="font-weight: bold">The Racket Guide</span></a> introduces byte strings.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>A <a name="(tech._byte._string)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">byte string</span> is a fixed-length array of bytes. A
<a name="(idx._(gentag._116._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span style="font-style: italic">byte</span> is an exact integer between <span class="RktVal">0</span> and
<span class="RktVal">255</span> inclusive.</p><p><a name="(idx._(gentag._117._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a>A byte string can be
<span style="font-style: italic">mutable</span> or <span style="font-style: italic">immutable</span>. When an immutable byte
string is provided to a procedure like <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-set%21%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-set!</a></span>, the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised. Byte-string constants generated by the
default reader (see <a href="reader.html#%28part._parse-string%29" data-pltdoc="x">Reading Strings</a>) are immutable,
and they are <a href="reader.html#%28tech._interned%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">interned</span></a> in <span class="RktSym"><a href="Reading.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._read-syntax%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">read-syntax</a></span> mode.</p><p>Two byte strings are <span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._equal~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">equal?</a></span> when they have the same length
and contain the same sequence of bytes.</p><p>A byte string can be used as a single-valued sequence (see
<a href="sequences.html" data-pltdoc="x">Sequences</a>). The bytes of the string serve as elements
of the sequence. See also <span class="RktSym"><a href="sequences.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._in-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">in-bytes</a></span>.</p><p>See <a href="reader.html#%28part._parse-string%29" data-pltdoc="x">Reading Strings</a>
for information on <span class="RktSym"><a href="Reading.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._read%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">read</a></span>ing
byte strings and <a href="printing.html#%28part._print-string%29" data-pltdoc="x">Printing Strings</a>
for information on <span class="RktSym"><a href="Writing.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._print%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">print</a></span>ing byte strings.</p><p>See also: <span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._immutable~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">immutable?</a></span>.</p><h5 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""Byte_String_Constructors__Selectors__and_Mutators"">4.4.1<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Byte_.String_.Constructors__.Selectors__and_.Mutators)"></a>Byte String Constructors, Selectors, and Mutators</h5><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._any%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">any/c</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns <span class="RktVal">#t</span> if <span class="RktVar">v</span>
is a byte string, <span class="RktVal">#f</span> otherwise.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._make-bytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-bytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">b</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new mutable byte string of length <span class="RktVar">k</span> where each
position in the byte string is initialized with the byte <span class="RktVar">b</span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">5</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"AAAAA"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new mutable byte
string whose length is the number of provided <span class="RktVar">b</span>s, and whose
positions are initialized with the given <span class="RktVar">b</span>s.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"Apple"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->immutable-bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._and%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">and/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._immutable~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">immutable?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns an immutable byte string with the same content
as <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>, returning <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> itself if <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> is
immutable.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->immutable-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"AAA"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->immutable-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">5</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->immutable-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"AAAAA"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._eq~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">eq?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3eimmutable-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->immutable-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._byte~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._any%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">any/c</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns <span class="RktVal">#t</span> if <span class="RktVar">v</span> is
a byte (i.e., an exact integer between <span class="RktVal">0</span> and <span class="RktVal">255</span>
inclusive), <span class="RktVal">#f</span> otherwise.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">256</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal"><span class="nobreak">-1</span></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-length))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns the length of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">5</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-ref))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-ref%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-ref</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns the character at position <span class="RktVar">k</span> in <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>.
The first position in the bytes cooresponds to <span class="RktVal">0</span>, so the
position <span class="RktVar">k</span> must be less than the length of the bytes,
otherwise the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">65</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-set!))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-set%21%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-set!</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="void.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._void~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">void?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._and%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">and/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._not%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">not/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._immutable~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">immutable?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Changes the
character position <span class="RktVar">k</span> in <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> to <span class="RktVar">b</span>. The first
position in the byte string cooresponds to <span class="RktVal">0</span>, so the position
<span class="RktVar">k</span> must be less than the length of the bytes, otherwise the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-set%21%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-set!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">4</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">121</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"Apply"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._subbytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._subbytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">subbytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">str</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns
a new mutable byte string that is <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._-%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="nobreak">-</span></a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> bytes long,
and that contains the same bytes as <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> from <span class="RktVar">start</span>
inclusive to <span class="RktVar">end</span> exclusive. The <span class="RktVar">start</span> and
<span class="RktVar">end</span> arguments must be less than or equal to the length of
<span class="RktVar">bstr</span>, and <span class="RktVar">end</span> must be greater than or equal to
<span class="RktVar">start</span>, otherwise the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._subbytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">subbytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">3</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"pp"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._subbytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">subbytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"pple"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-copy))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-copy</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns
<span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._subbytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">subbytes</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym">str</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-copy!))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%21%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-copy!</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="void.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._void~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">void?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._and%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">and/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._not%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">not/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._immutable~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">immutable?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Changes the bytes of <span class="RktVar">dest</span> starting at position
<span class="RktVar">dest-start</span> to match the bytes in <span class="RktVar">src</span> from
<span class="RktVar">src-start</span> (inclusive) to <span class="RktVar">src-end</span> (exclusive). The
bytes strings <span class="RktVar">dest</span> and <span class="RktVar">src</span> can be the same byte
string, and in that case the destination region can overlap with the
source region; the destination bytes after the copy match the source
bytes from before the copy. If any of <span class="RktVar">dest-start</span>,
<span class="RktVar">src-start</span>, or <span class="RktVar">src-end</span> are out of range (taking into
account the sizes of the bytes strings and the source and destination
regions), the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%21%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-copy!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">4</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"y"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-copy%21%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-copy!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">3</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">4</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"lpply"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-fill!))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-fill%21%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-fill!</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="void.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._void~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">void?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._and%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">and/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._not%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">not/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._immutable~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">immutable?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Changes <span class="RktVar">dest</span> so that every position in the
bytes is filled with <span class="RktVar">b</span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-fill%21%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-fill!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">113</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktSym">s</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"qqqqq"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-append))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"><a name="(idx._(gentag._118._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a>Returns a new mutable byte string
that is as long as the sum of the given <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>s’ lengths, and
that contains the concatenated bytes of the given <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>s. If
no <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>s are provided, the result is a zero-length byte
string.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Banana"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"AppleBanana"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-~3elist))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3elist%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->list</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._listof%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">listof</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new
list of bytes corresponding to the content of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>. That is,
the length of the list is <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>, and the
sequence of bytes in <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> is the same sequence in the
result list.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3elist%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->list</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'(65 112 112 108 101)</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._list-~3ebytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list-~3ebytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list->bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">lst</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">lst</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._listof%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">listof</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new
mutable byte string whose content is the list of bytes in <span class="RktVar">lst</span>.
That is, the length of the byte string is <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">length</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">lst</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>, and
the sequence of bytes in <span class="RktVar">lst</span> is the same sequence in
the result byte string.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list-~3ebytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list->bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"Apple"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._make-shared-bytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-shared-bytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-shared-bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">b</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">k</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new mutable byte string of length <span class="RktVar">k</span> where each
position in the byte string is initialized with the byte <span class="RktVar">b</span>.
For communication among <a href="places.html#%28tech._place%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">places</span></a>, the new byte string is allocated in the
<a href="places.html#%28tech._shared._memory._space%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">shared memory space</span></a>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-shared-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-shared-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">5</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"AAAAA"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._shared-bytes))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._shared-bytes%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">shared-bytes</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns a new mutable byte
string whose length is the number of provided <span class="RktVar">b</span>s, and whose
positions are initialized with the given <span class="RktVar">b</span>s.
For communication among <a href="places.html#%28tech._place%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">places</span></a>, the new byte string is allocated in the
<a href="places.html#%28tech._shared._memory._space%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">shared memory space</span></a>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._shared-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">shared-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">112</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">108</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">101</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"Apple"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><h5 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""Byte_String_Comparisons"">4.4.2<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Byte_.String_.Comparisons)"></a>Byte String Comparisons</h5><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes~3d~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3d~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes=?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...+</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara"> Returns
<span class="RktVal">#t</span> if all of the arguments are <span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._eqv~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">eqv?</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3d~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes=?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3d~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes=?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"a"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"as"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"a"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes~3c~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes<?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...+</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns <span class="RktVal">#t</span> if the arguments are lexicographically sorted
increasing, where individual bytes are ordered by <span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._~3c%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x"><</a></span>,
<span class="RktVal">#f</span> otherwise.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes<?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes<?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes<?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"a"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"b"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"c"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes~3e~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3e~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes>?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...+</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr1</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr2</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Like <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3c~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes<?</a></span>, but checks whether the arguments are decreasing.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3e~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes>?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3e~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes>?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3e~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes>?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"c"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"b"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"a"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><h5 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""Bytes_to_from_Characters__Decoding_and_Encoding"">4.4.3<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Bytes_to_from_.Characters__.Decoding_and_.Encoding)"></a>Bytes to/from Characters, Decoding and Encoding</h5><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-~3estring/utf-8))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a string by decoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span>
substring of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> as a UTF-8 encoding of Unicode code
points. If <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, then it is used for
bytes that fall in the range <span class="RktVal">128</span> to <span class="RktVal">255</span> but are
not part of a valid encoding sequence. (This rule is consistent with
reading characters from a port; see <a href="encodings.html" data-pltdoc="x">Encodings and Locales</a> for more
details.) If <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, and if the
<span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> is not a
valid UTF-8 encoding overall, then the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"çðö£"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-~3estring/locale))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flocale%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/locale</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">err-char</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a string by decoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring
of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> using the current locale’s encoding (see also
<a href="encodings.html" data-pltdoc="x">Encodings and Locales</a>). If <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is not
<span class="RktVal">#f</span>, it is used for each byte in <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> that is not part
of a valid encoding; if <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, and if the
<span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> is not a valid
encoding overall, then the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-~3estring/latin-1))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/latin-1</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">err-char</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a string by decoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring
of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> as a Latin-1 encoding of Unicode code points; i.e.,
each byte is translated directly to a character using
<span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._integer-~3echar%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">integer->char</a></span>, so the decoding always succeeds.
The <span class="RktVar">err-char</span>
argument is ignored, but present for consistency with the other
operations.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/latin-1</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">254</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">211</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">209</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">165</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"þÓÑ¥"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3ebytes/utf-8))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/utf-8</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">err-byte</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-byte</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a byte string by encoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span>
substring of <span class="RktVar">str</span> via UTF-8 (always succeeding). The
<span class="RktVar">err-byte</span> argument is ignored, but included for consistency with
the other operations.
</div><div class="SIntrapara"><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/utf-8</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"\303\247\303\260\303\266\302\243"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/utf-8</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"çðö£"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3ebytes/locale))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flocale%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/locale</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">err-byte</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-byte</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a string by encoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring
of <span class="RktVar">str</span> using the current locale’s encoding (see also
<a href="encodings.html" data-pltdoc="x">Encodings and Locales</a>). If <span class="RktVar">err-byte</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, it is used
for each character in <span class="RktVar">str</span> that cannot be encoded for the
current locale; if <span class="RktVar">err-byte</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, and if the
<span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring of <span class="RktVar">str</span> cannot be encoded,
then the <span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-~3ebytes/latin-1))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/latin-1</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">str</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">err-byte</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-byte</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._byte~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">byte?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a string by encoding the <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring
of <span class="RktVar">str</span> using Latin-1; i.e., each character is translated
directly to a byte using <span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char-~3einteger%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char->integer</a></span>. If <span class="RktVar">err-byte</span> is
not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, it is used for each character in <span class="RktVar">str</span> whose
value is greater than <span class="RktVal">255</span>.
If <span class="RktVar">err-byte</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, and if the
<span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> substring of <span class="RktVar">str</span> has a character
with a value greater than <span class="RktVal">255</span>, then the
<span class="RktSym"><a href="exns.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._exn~3afail~3acontract%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exn:fail:contract</a></span> exception is raised.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/latin-1</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">254</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">211</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">209</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">165</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/latin-1</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"\376\323\321\245"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/latin-1</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-~3ebytes%2Flatin-1%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string->bytes/latin-1</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"þÓÑ¥"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._string-utf-8-length))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-utf-8-length</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns the length in bytes of the UTF-8 encoding of <span class="RktVar">str</span>’s
substring from <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span>, but without actually
generating the encoded bytes.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-utf-8-length</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string-utf-8-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"hello"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">5</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-utf-8-length))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-length</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns the length in characters of the UTF-8 decoding of
<span class="RktVar">bstr</span>’s substring from <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span>, but without
actually generating the decoded characters. If <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is
<span class="RktVal">#f</span> and the substring is not a UTF-8 encoding overall, the
result is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>. Otherwise, <span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is used to resolve
decoding errors as in <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._make-bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">make-bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">5</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">5</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-utf-8-ref))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>[<span class="RktVar">skip</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">skip</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns the <span class="RktVar">skip</span>th character in the UTF-8 decoding of
<span class="RktVar">bstr</span>’s substring from <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span>, but without
actually generating the other decoded characters. If the substring is
not a UTF-8 encoding up to the <span class="RktVar">skip</span>th character (when
<span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>), or if the substring decoding produces
fewer than <span class="RktVar">skip</span> characters, the result is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>. If
<span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, it is used to resolve decoding
errors as in <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\ç</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\ð</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">2</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\ö</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\A</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\B</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-ref%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">2</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#\C</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-utf-8-index))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">skip</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">err-char</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">start</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">end</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">skip</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">err-char</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">start</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">end</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns the offset in bytes into <span class="RktVar">bstr</span> at which the <span class="RktVar">skip</span>th
character’s encoding starts in the UTF-8 decoding of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>’s
substring from <span class="RktVar">start</span> to <span class="RktVar">end</span> (but without actually
generating the other decoded characters). The result is relative to
the start of <span class="RktVar">bstr</span>, not to <span class="RktVar">start</span>. If the substring is not
a UTF-8 encoding up to the <span class="RktVar">skip</span>th character (when
<span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>), or if the substring decoding produces
fewer than <span class="RktVar">skip</span> characters, the result is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>. If
<span class="RktVar">err-char</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, it is used to resolve decoding
errors as in <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-~3estring%2Futf-8%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes->string/utf-8</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">2</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">2</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">0</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">1</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-utf-8-index%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-utf-8-index</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">2</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">2</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><h5 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""Bytes_to_Bytes_Encoding_Conversion"">4.4.4<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Bytes_to_.Bytes_.Encoding_.Conversion)"></a>Bytes to Bytes Encoding Conversion</h5><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-open-converter))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">from-name</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">to-name</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">from-name</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">to-name</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="strings.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._string~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">string?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Produces a <a name="(tech._byte._converter)"></a><span style="font-style: italic">byte converter</span> to go from the encoding named by
<span class="RktVar">from-name</span> to the encoding named by <span class="RktVar">to-name</span>. If the
requested conversion pair is not available, <span class="RktVal">#f</span> is returned
instead of a converter.</div></p><p>Certain encoding combinations are always available:</p><ul><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> —<wbr></wbr> the
identity conversion, except that encoding errors in the input lead
to a decoding failure.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8-permissive"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> —<wbr></wbr>
<a name="(idx._(gentag._119._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a>the identity conversion, except that
any input byte that is not part of a valid encoding sequence is
effectively replaced by the UTF-8 encoding sequence for
<span class="RktVal">#\uFFFD</span>. (This handling of invalid sequences is
consistent with the interpretation of port bytes streams into
characters; see <a href="ports.html" data-pltdoc="x">Ports</a>.)</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">""</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> —<wbr></wbr> converts from
the current locale’s default encoding (see <a href="encodings.html" data-pltdoc="x">Encodings and Locales</a>)
to UTF-8.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">""</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> —<wbr></wbr> converts from
UTF-8 to the current locale’s default encoding (see
<a href="encodings.html" data-pltdoc="x">Encodings and Locales</a>).</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-8"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>
—<wbr></wbr> converts UTF-8 to UTF-16 on Unix and Mac OS X, where each UTF-16
code unit is a sequence of two bytes ordered by the current
platform’s endianness. On Windows, the input can include
encodings that are not valid UTF-8, but which naturally extend the
UTF-8 encoding to support unpaired surrogate code units, and the
output is a sequence of UTF-16 code units (as little-endian byte
pairs), potentially including unpaired surrogates.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-8-permissive"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>
—<wbr></wbr> like <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-8"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>,
but an input byte that is not part of a valid UTF-8 encoding
sequence (or valid for the unpaired-surrogate extension on
Windows) is effectively replaced with <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="characters.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._char-~3einteger%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">char->integer</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">#\?</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-16"</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVal">"platform-UTF-8"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>
—<wbr></wbr> converts UTF-16 (bytes ordered by the current platform’s
endianness) to UTF-8 on Unix and Mac OS X. On Windows, the input can
include UTF-16 code units that are unpaired surrogates, and the
corresponding output includes an encoding of each surrogate in a
natural extension of UTF-8. On Unix and Mac OS X, surrogates are
assumed to be paired: a pair of bytes with the bits <span class="RktVal">#xD800</span><span class="RktMeta"></span>
starts a surrogate pair, and the <span class="RktVal">#x03FF</span><span class="RktMeta"></span> bits are used from
the pair and following pair (independent of the value of the
<span class="RktVal">#xDC00</span><span class="RktMeta"></span> bits). On all platforms, performance may be poor
when decoding from an odd offset within an input byte string.</p></li></ul><p>A newly opened byte converter is registered with the current custodian
(see <a href="custodians.html" data-pltdoc="x">Custodians</a>), so that the converter is closed when
the custodian is shut down. A converter is not registered with a
custodian (and does not need to be closed) if it is one of the
guaranteed combinations not involving <span class="RktVal">""</span> on Unix, or if it
is any of the guaranteed combinations (including <span class="RktVal">""</span>) on
Windows and Mac OS X.</p><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p>In the Racket software distributions for Windows, a suitable
<span class="stt">"iconv.dll"</span> is included with <span class="stt">"libmzsch<span style="font-style: italic">VERS</span>.dll"</span>.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>The set of available encodings and combinations varies by platform,
depending on the <span class="stt">iconv</span> library that is installed; the
<span class="RktVar">from-name</span> and <span class="RktVar">to-name</span> arguments are passed on to
<span class="stt">iconv_open</span>. On Windows, <span class="stt">"iconv.dll"</span> or
<span class="stt">"libiconv.dll"</span> must be in the same directory as
<span class="stt">"libmzsch<span style="font-style: italic">VERS</span>.dll"</span> (where <span style="font-style: italic">VERS</span> is a version
number), in the user’s path, in the system directory, or in the
current executable’s directory at run time, and the DLL must either
supply <span class="stt">_errno</span> or link to <span class="stt">"msvcrt.dll"</span> for <span class="stt">_errno</span>;
otherwise, only the guaranteed combinations are available.</p><p>Use <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span> with the result to convert byte strings.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-close-converter))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-close-converter%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-close-converter</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">converter</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="void.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._void%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">void</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">converter</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Closes the given converter, so that it can no longer be used with
<span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span> or <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert-end%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert-end</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-convert))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">converter</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-start-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-end-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">aborts</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">error</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">converter</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-start-pos</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="argcontract"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">src-end-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">:</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">=</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="argcontract"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">:</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">=</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="if.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt%29._and%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">and</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Converts the bytes from <span class="RktVar">src-start-pos</span> to <span class="RktVar">src-end-pos</span>
in <span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span>.</div></p><p>If <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, the converted bytes are
written into <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> from <span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span> to
<span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span>. If <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, then a
newly allocated byte string holds the conversion results, and if
<span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span> is not <span class="RktVal">#f</span>, the size of the result byte
string is no more than <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._-%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="nobreak">-</span></a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p><p>The result of <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span> is three values:</p><ul><li><p><span class="RktVar">result-bstr</span> or <span class="RktVar">dest-wrote-amt</span> —<wbr></wbr> a byte
string if <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span> or not provided, or the
number of bytes written into <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> otherwise.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktVar">src-read-amt</span> —<wbr></wbr> the number of bytes successfully converted
from <span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span>.</p></li><li><p><a name="(idx._(gentag._120._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span>, <a name="(idx._(gentag._121._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span>,
<a name="(idx._(gentag._122._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">aborts</span>, or <a name="(idx._(gentag._123._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">error</span> —<wbr></wbr> indicates
how conversion terminated:</p><ul><li><p><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span>: The entire input was processed, and
<span class="RktVar">src-read-amt</span> will be equal to <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._-%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="nobreak">-</span></a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-end-pos</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-start-pos</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span>: Conversion stopped due to the limit on
the result size or the space in <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span>; in this case,
fewer than <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._-%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="nobreak">-</span></a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> bytes may be
returned if more space is needed to process the next complete
encoding sequence in <span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span>.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">aborts</span>: The input stopped part-way through an
encoding sequence, and more input bytes are necessary to continue.
For example, if the last byte of input is <span class="RktVal">195</span> for a
<span class="RktVal">"UTF-8-permissive"</span> decoding, the result is
<span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">aborts</span>, because another byte is needed to determine how to
use the <span class="RktVal">195</span> byte.</p></li><li><p><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">error</span>: The bytes starting at <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="generic-numbers.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._%2B%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">+</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-start-pos</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">src-read-amt</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> bytes in <span class="RktVar">src-bstr</span> do not form
a legal encoding sequence. This result is never produced for some
encodings, where all byte sequences are valid encodings. For
example, since <span class="RktVal">"UTF-8-permissive"</span> handles an invalid UTF-8
sequence by dropping characters or generating “?,” every byte
sequence is effectively valid.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Applying a converter accumulates state in the converter (even when the
third result of <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span> is <span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span>). This
state can affect both further processing of input and further
generation of output, but only for conversions that involve “shift
sequences” to change modes within a stream. To terminate an input
sequence and reset the converter, use <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert-end%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert-end</a></span>.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">convert</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">convert</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">65</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">66</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">67</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">68</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"\377\376A\0B\0C\0D\0"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">4</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'complete</span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"\303\247\303\260\303\266\302\243"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">convert</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">167</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">176</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">195</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">182</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">194</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">163</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"\347\0\360\0\366\0\243\0"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">8</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'complete</span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-close-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-close-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">convert</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype RForeground"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-convert-end))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert-end%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert-end</a></span></span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">converter</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span>[</td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span>]<span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td></tr></table></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="prototype"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">→</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">converter</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-start-pos</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span>=<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="argcontract"><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktVar">dest-end-pos</span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">:</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._or%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">or/c</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="number-types.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._exact-nonnegative-integer~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">exact-nonnegative-integer?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#f</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top">=</td><td valign="top"><span class="hspace"> </span></td><td valign="top"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="if.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fletstx-scheme..rkt%29._and%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">and</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-length%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-length</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Like <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert</a></span>, but instead of converting bytes, this
procedure generates an ending sequence for the conversion (sometimes
called a “shift sequence”), if any. Few encodings use shift
sequences, so this function will succeed with no output for most
encodings. In any case, successful output of a (possibly empty) shift
sequence resets the converter to its initial state.</div></p><p>The result of <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-convert-end%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-convert-end</a></span> is two values:</p><ul><li><p><span class="RktVar">result-bstr</span> or <span class="RktVar">dest-wrote-amt</span> —<wbr></wbr> a byte string if
<span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> is <span class="RktVal">#f</span> or not provided, or the number of
bytes written into <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span> otherwise.</p></li><li><p><a name="(idx._(gentag._124._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span> or <a name="(idx._(gentag._125._(lib._scribblings/reference/reference..scrbl)))"></a><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span> —<wbr></wbr>
indicates whether conversion completed. If <span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">complete</span>, then
an entire ending sequence was produced. If <span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">continues</span>, then
the conversion could not complete due to the limit on the result
size or the space in <span class="RktVar">dest-bstr</span>, and the first result is
either an empty byte string or <span class="RktVal">0</span>.</p></li></ul><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._bytes-converter~3f))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="booleans.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._boolean~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">boolean?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">v</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._any%2Fc%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">any/c</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns <span class="RktVal">#t</span> if <span class="RktVar">v</span> is a <a href="#%28tech._byte._converter%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">byte converter</span></a> produced
by <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span>, <span class="RktVal">#f</span> otherwise.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"whacky"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"not likely"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#f</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="define.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._define%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-open-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-open-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-8"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"UTF-16"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-close-converter%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-close-converter</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-converter~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-converter?</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">b</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#t</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((quote._~23~25kernel)._locale-string-encoding))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/base, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._locale-string-encoding%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">locale-string-encoding</a></span></span><span class="RktPn"></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fprivate%2Fmisc..rkt%29._any%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">any</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Returns a string for the current locale’s encoding (i.e., the encoding
normally identified by <span class="RktVal">""</span>). See also
<span class="RktSym"><a href="runtime.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._system-language%2Bcountry%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">system-language+country</a></span>.</div></p><h5 x-source-module="(lib "scribblings/reference/reference.scrbl")" x-source-pkg="racket-doc" x-part-tag=""Additional_Byte_String_Functions"">4.4.5<tt> </tt><a name="(part._.Additional_.Byte_.String_.Functions)"></a><a name="(mod-path._racket/bytes)"></a>Additional Byte String Functions</h5><p><div class="SIntrapara"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="defmodule"><tr><td align="left"><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="require.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._require%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">require</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><a href="#%28mod-path._racket%2Fbytes%29" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/bytes</span></a><span class="RktPn">)</span></td><td align="right"><span class="RpackageSpec"><span class="Smaller"> package:</span> <span class="stt">base</span></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="SIntrapara">The bindings documented in this section are provided by the <a href="#%28mod-path._racket%2Fbytes%29" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/bytes</span></a> and <a href="index.html" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket</span></a> libraries, but not <a href="index.html" class="RktModLink" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="RktSym">racket/base</span></a>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((lib._racket/bytes..rkt)._bytes-append*))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/bytes, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append*</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktMeta">...</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._listof%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">listof</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Like <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span>, but the last argument is used as a list
of arguments for <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span>, so <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append*</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="stx-patterns.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt%29._......%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span> is the same as <span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="procedures.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._apply%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">apply</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">str</span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="stx-patterns.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fstxcase-scheme..rkt%29._......%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">...</a></span><span class="stt"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="RktPn">)</span>. In other words, the relationship between
<span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes-append%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append</a></span> and <span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append*</a></span> is similar to the
one between <span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list</a></span> and <span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list*</a></span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append*</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"a"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"b"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">#"c"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"d"</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"abcd"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-append%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-append*</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._cdr%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">cdr</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Flist..rkt%29._append%2A%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">append*</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fmap..rkt%29._map%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">map</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="lambda.html#%28form._%28%28lib._racket%2Fprivate%2Fbase..rkt%29._lambda%29%29" class="RktStxLink" data-pltdoc="x">lambda</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym">x</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="pairs.html#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._list%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#", "</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">x</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">#"Alpha"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Beta"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"Gamma"</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"Alpha, Beta, Gamma"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SVInsetFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="boxed RBoxed"><tr><td><blockquote class="SubFlow"><div class="RBackgroundLabel SIEHidden"><div class="RBackgroundLabelInner"><p>procedure</p></div></div><p class="RForeground"><span class="RktPn">(</span><a name="(def._((lib._racket/bytes..rkt)._bytes-join))"></a><span title="Provided from: racket/bytes, racket | Package: base"><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-join%29%29" class="RktValDef RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-join</a></span></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">sep</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span>→<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></p></blockquote></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">strs</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="data-structure-contracts.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fcontract%2Fbase..rkt%29._listof%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">listof</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVar">sep</span><span class="hspace"> </span>:<span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28quote._~23~25kernel%29._bytes~3f%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes?</a></span></td></tr></table></blockquote></div><div class="SIntrapara">Appends the byte strings in <span class="RktVar">strs</span>, inserting <span class="RktVar">sep</span> between
each pair of bytes in <span class="RktVar">strs</span>.</div></p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Example:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Fbytes..rkt%29._bytes-join%29%29" class="RktValLink" data-pltdoc="x">bytes-join</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">#"one"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"two"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"three"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#"four"</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#" potato "</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">#"one potato two potato three potato four"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" style="color: #888;" type="text" value="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "6.7", "../");" onfocus="this.style.color="black"; this.style.textAlign="left"; if (this.value == "...search manuals...") this.value="";" onblur="if (this.value.match(/^ *$/)) { this.style.color="#888"; this.style.textAlign="center"; this.value="...search manuals..."; }"/></form> <a href="../index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("6.7");">top</a></span><span class="navright"> <a href="strings.html" title="backward to "4.3 Strings"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="data.html" title="up to "4 Datatypes"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="characters.html" title="forward to "4.5 Characters"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div></div></div><div id="contextindicator"> </div></body></html>
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