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/usr/share/sagemath/bin/sage-location is in sagemath-common 7.4-9.

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The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

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#!/usr/bin/env python

from __future__ import print_function

import os, sys, re

SAGE_ROOT     = os.path.realpath(os.environ['SAGE_ROOT'])
SAGE_LOCAL    = os.environ['SAGE_LOCAL']

location_file = os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'lib', 'sage-current-location.txt')
force_file    = os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'lib', 'sage-force-relocate.txt')
flags_file    = os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'lib', 'sage-flags.txt')


# The flags we care about recording in the local/lib/sage-flags.txt file.
# In SAGE_FAT_BINARY mode we only require that ['sse', 'sse2', '3d',
# 'mmx', 'cmov'] be available, and in particular, we don't require pni
# (Prescott New Instructions, including SSE3) or ssse3.

SAGE_FAT_BINARY = os.environ.get('SAGE_FAT_BINARY',"")

if SAGE_FAT_BINARY == "yes":
    FLAGS = ['sse', 'sse2', '3d', 'mmx', 'cmov']
else:
    FLAGS = ['sse', 'sse2', 'ssse3', '3d', 'mmx', 'pni', 'cmov']


def write_location_file():
    """
    Write the location file with the current value of ``SAGE_ROOT``.
    """
    O = open(location_file, 'w')
    O.write(SAGE_ROOT)
    O.close()

def read_location_file():
    """
    If the location file exists, return the path contained in it.
    Otherwise return ``None``.
    """
    try:
        f = open(location_file)
    except IOError:
        return None
    path = f.read().strip()
    f.close()
    # Make the path absolute, even though this should not be needed.
    return os.path.abspath(path)


def get_flags_info():
    """
    Return a space-separated string that lists the flags indicating what's
    supported by this CPU by reading ``/proc/cpuinfo``.
    """
    try:
        r = open('/proc/cpuinfo').read()
        i = r.find('flags')
        r = r[i:]
        i = r.find(':')
        r = r[i+1:]
        i = r.find('\n')
        r = r[:i]

        # This line restricts the flags to just ones that start with sse, 3d or mmx.
        # We do not want *all* flags, since some like "up" are not relevant (up = uniprocessor).
        return ' '.join(set(x for x in r.split() if x in FLAGS))

    except IOError:
        # On a system without /proc/cpuinfo, so don't bother.  In
        # particular, for non-Linux systems I have no clue how to get
        # the processor flags, and we so far have never ever had any
        # problem with processor flags on such machines.  So we don't
        # bother.
        return ''


def check_processor_flags():
    """
    Make sure all processor flags from the build machine are on this machine.
    If the ``sage-flags.txt`` file is missing, create it.
    """
    # Write the flags file if it isn't there:
    if not os.path.isfile(flags_file):
        f = open(flags_file, 'w')
        f.write(get_flags_info())
        f.close()
        return

    # We check that the processor flags of the original build are a
    # subset of the new machine.  If not, we print a massive warning.
    X = set(open(flags_file).read().split()).intersection(FLAGS)
    X.difference_update(get_flags_info().split())
    if X:
        print("")
        print("*"*70)
        print("WARNING!  This Sage install was built on a machine that supports")
        print("instructions that are not available on this computer.  Sage will")
        print("likely fail with ILLEGAL INSTRUCTION errors! The following processor")
        print("flags were on the build machine but are not on this computer:\n")
        print(*X)
        print("")
        print("Email http://groups.google.com/group/sage-support for help.")
        print("To remove this warning and make Sage start, just delete")
        print("     %s"%flags_file)
        print("*"*70)
        sys.exit(1)


def update_library_files():
    """
    Manually change the paths in all ``.la`` libtool archives.
    """
    for libdir in ["lib", "lib32", "lib64"]:
        LIB = os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, libdir)
        if not os.path.isdir(LIB):
            continue

        # The .la files hardcode path info, so we manually fix the path info:
        for F in os.listdir(LIB):
           if os.path.splitext(F)[-1] == ".la":
               G = open(os.path.join(LIB,F)).read()
               i = G.find('libdir=')
               j = i+8 + G[i+8:].find("'")
               z = G[i+8:j].strip().strip("'")
               i = z.rfind('local/')
               if i != -1:
                   z = z[:i]
                   H = G.replace(z, SAGE_ROOT + '/')
                   open(os.path.join(LIB, F),'w').write(H)


def update_pkgconfig_files():
    """
    Call ``update_pkgconfig_file()`` for every ``pkg-config`` file in
    ``$SAGE_LOCAL/lib``.
    """
    PKG = os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'lib', 'pkgconfig')
    for name in os.listdir(PKG):
        filename = os.path.join(PKG, name)
        if os.path.splitext(filename)[1] == ".pc":
            update_pkgconfig_file(filename)

def update_pkgconfig_file(filename):
    """
    Edit the ``pkg-config`` file ``filename`` such that it contains
    a definition of a ``SAGE_ROOT`` variable, and replace occurrences of
    its current and previous value by references ``${SAGE_ROOT}`` to
    that variable.
    """
    # Pattern matching a *definition* of SAGE_ROOT:
    def_pat = re.compile(r"^SAGE_ROOT=.*\n", re.MULTILINE)

    with open(filename, 'r+') as f:
        config = f.read()

        # Delete old definition(s) of SAGE_ROOT
        config = def_pat.sub("", config)

        # Replace all occurrences of the current value of SAGE_ROOT
        # by references to the pkg-config variable SAGE_ROOT.
        # This is needed for the initial install of Sage.
        config = config.replace(SAGE_ROOT, "${SAGE_ROOT}")
        if OLD_SAGE_ROOT is not None:
            # Also replace old values of SAGE_ROOT, this is needed for
            # manually installed packages after the initial
            # sage-location run.
            config = config.replace(OLD_SAGE_ROOT, "${SAGE_ROOT}")

        # New definition of SAGE_ROOT:
        definition = "SAGE_ROOT=%s\n" % SAGE_ROOT

        # Re-write the file
        f.seek(0)
        f.truncate()
        f.write(definition + config)


def make_scripts_relative():
    """
    For all interpreter scripts in ``$SAGE_LOCAL/bin`` running python,
    replace first line by "#!/usr/bin/env python"
    """
    os.chdir(os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'bin'))
    for filename in os.listdir('.'):
        # Only ordinary files
        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
            continue

        try:
            with open(filename, 'rb+') as f:
                # Read at most 512 bytes, this should be more than enough.
                # If we don't find '\n' in the first 512 bytes, we most likely
                # have a binary file.
                L = f.readline(512)
                # Make sure we read a complete line
                if len(L) < 1 or L[-1] != '\n':
                    continue
                # Is the first line "#!.../python"?
                if L.startswith("#!") and L.find("/python") >= 0:
                    # Read the rest of the file
                    script = f.read()

                    # Write the file again with a proper interpreter line
                    f.seek(0)
                    f.truncate()
                    f.write("#!/usr/bin/env python\n" + script)
        except IOError:
            pass


def write_config_files():
    """
    Write various configuration files which contain the ``SAGE_ROOT``
    path.
    """
    # Currently only one file (for the experimental package qepcad):
    # $SAGE_LOCAL/default.qepcadrc
    f = open(os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'default.qepcadrc'), 'w')
    text = \
"""# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED by sage-location -- DO NOT EDIT

#####################################################
# QEPCAD rc file.
# This file allows for some customization of QEPCAD.
# Right now, the ability to give a path to Singular,
# so that it gets used for some computer algebra
# computations is the only feature.
#####################################################
SINGULAR %s
""" % os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'bin')

    f.write(text)
    f.close()


def remove_files(path, remove_extensions):
    """
    Walk the tree starting at ``path``, and remove all files with
    extensions in ``remove_extensions``.
    The extensions in ``remove_extensions`` should start with a period, i.e.,
    e.g. use ``remove_files(path, ('.pyc', '.pyo'))``.
    """
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for file in files:
            filename = os.path.join(root, file)
            if os.path.splitext(filename)[1] in remove_extensions:
                try:
                    os.unlink(filename)
                except OSError as msg:
                    print(msg)


def sage_relocate():
    """
    High-level function which calls various functions to handle
    relocation.  To be called either for the initial install or when
    the Sage tree has moved.

    These operations should all be idempotent: executing them more than
    once should be equivalent to executing them once.
    """
    check_processor_flags()
    update_library_files()
    update_pkgconfig_files()
    make_scripts_relative()
    write_config_files()

    # Compiled python files need to be regenerated, so we remove them:
    remove_files(os.path.join(SAGE_LOCAL, 'lib', 'python'),
                 remove_extensions=('.pyc', '.pyo'))

    # Write the new location file as last thing in this script,
    # such that it only gets written if there were no exceptions.
    write_location_file()


RELOCATION_ERROR = """
ERROR:  The Sage installation tree has moved

from {OLD_SAGE_ROOT}
  to {SAGE_ROOT}

This is not supported, and Sage will not work. To install Sage from a
binary package:

1. Open the .tar.bz2 archive (or .dmg on OSX)

2. Move the SageMath folder/app to where you want it to be. You can
   also rename the directory now.

3. Start sage for the first time. This will then automatically patch
   paths in binaries.

After starting Sage for the first time you cannot change the
installation any more. To install Sage elsewhere, start over from the
binary package. Or recompile Sage from scratch in the new location
("make distclean && make")
"""


if __name__ == '__main__':

    if SAGE_ROOT is None:
        print('You must run this script from within a Sage shell')
        sys.exit(1)

    # Previous SAGE_ROOT, read from "sage-location.txt".
    # OLD_SAGE_ROOT is None if this is a first-time install.
    OLD_SAGE_ROOT = read_location_file()

    # If the force file exists (test that by deleting it),
    # then always run sage_locate().
    try:
        os.unlink(force_file)
        force_relocate = True
    except OSError:
        force_relocate = False

    if OLD_SAGE_ROOT != SAGE_ROOT or force_relocate:
        if OLD_SAGE_ROOT is None:
            print("This looks like the first time you are running Sage.")
        elif OLD_SAGE_ROOT != SAGE_ROOT:
            print(RELOCATION_ERROR.format(OLD_SAGE_ROOT=OLD_SAGE_ROOT, SAGE_ROOT=SAGE_ROOT))
            sys.exit(1)
        elif force_relocate:
            print("Forcing sage-location, probably because a new package was installed.")
        else:
            print("The Sage installation tree has moved")
            print("from %s" % OLD_SAGE_ROOT)
            print("  to %s" % SAGE_ROOT)
            assert(False)
        print("Updating various hardcoded paths...")
        print("(Please wait at most a few minutes.)")
        print("DO NOT INTERRUPT THIS.")
        sys.stdout.flush() # One never knows...

        sage_relocate()

        print("Done updating paths.")