/usr/include/pdal/util/Utils.hpp is in libpdal-dev 1.4.0-1+b1.
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* Copyright (c) 2011, Michael P. Gerlek (mpg@flaxen.com)
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following
* conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided
* with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of Hobu, Inc. or Flaxen Geo Consulting nor the
* names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
* OF SUCH DAMAGE.
****************************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <istream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
#include "pdal_util_export.hpp"
namespace pdal
{
namespace Utils
{
/**
* \brief Clamp value to given bounds.
*
* Clamps the input value t to bounds specified by min and max. Used to ensure
* that row and column indices remain within valid bounds.
*
* \param t the input value.
* \param min the lower bound.
* \param max the upper bound.
* \return the value to clamped to the given bounds.
*/
template <class T>
PDAL_DLL const T& clamp(const T& t, const T& min, const T& max)
{
return ((t < min) ? min : ((t > max) ? max : t));
}
/**
Set a seed for random number generation.
\param seed Seed value.
*/
PDAL_DLL void random_seed(unsigned int seed);
/**
Generate a random value in the range [minimum, maximum].
\param minimum Lower value of range for random number generation.
\param maximum Upper value of range for random number generation.
*/
PDAL_DLL double random(double minimum, double maximum);
/**
Generate values in a uniform distribution in the range [minimum, maximum]
using the provided seed value.
\param double Lower value of range for random number generation.
\param double Upper value of range for random number generation.
\param seed Seed value for random number generation.
*/
PDAL_DLL double uniform(const double& minimum, const double& maximum,
uint32_t seed);
/**
Generate values in a normal distribution in the range [minimum, maximum]
using the provided seed value.
\param double Lower value of range for random number generation.
\param double Upper value of range for random number generation.
\param seed Seed value for random number generation.
*/
PDAL_DLL double normal(const double& mean, const double& sigma,
uint32_t seed);
/**
Determine if two values are within a particular range of each other.
\param v1 First value to compare.
\param v2 Second value to compare.
\param tolerance Maximum difference between \ref v1 and \ref v2
*/
PDAL_DLL inline bool compare_approx(double v1, double v2, double tolerance)
{
double diff = std::abs(v1 - v2);
return diff <= std::abs(tolerance);
}
/**
Round double value to nearest integral value.
\param r Value to round
\return Rounded value
*/
inline double sround(double r)
{ return (r > 0.0) ? floor(r + 0.5) : ceil(r - 0.5); }
/**
Convert a string to lowercase.
\return Converted string.
**/
inline std::string tolower(const std::string& s)
{
std::string out;
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
out += (char)std::tolower(s[i]);
return out;
}
/**
Convert a string to uppercase.
\return Converted string.
*/
inline std::string toupper(const std::string& s)
{
std::string out;
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
out += (char)std::toupper(s[i]);
return out;
}
/**
Compare strings in a case-insensitive manner.
\param s First string to compare.
\param s2 Second string to compare.
\return Whether the strings are equal.
*/
inline bool iequals(const std::string& s, const std::string& s2)
{
if (s.length() != s2.length())
return false;
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i)
if (std::toupper(s[i]) != std::toupper(s2[i]))
return false;
return true;
}
/**
Determine if a string starts with a particular prefix.
\param s String to check for prefix.
\param prefix Prefix to search for.
\return Whether the string begins with the prefix.
*/
inline bool startsWith(const std::string& s, const std::string& prefix)
{
if (prefix.size() > s.size())
return false;
return (strncmp(prefix.data(), s.data(), prefix.size()) == 0);
}
/**
Generate a checksum that is the integer sum of the values of the bytes
in a buffer.
\param buf Pointer to buffer.
\param size Size of buffer.
\return Generated checksum.
*/
inline int cksum(char *buf, size_t size)
{
int i = 0;
while (size--)
i += *buf++;
return i;
}
/**
Fetch the value of an environment variable.
\param name Name of environment varaible.
\param name Value of the environemnt variable if it exists, empty
otherwise.
\return 0 on success, -1 on failure
*/
PDAL_DLL int getenv(std::string const& name, std::string& val);
/**
Set the value of an environment variable.
\param env Name of environment variable.
\param val Value of environment variable.
\return 0 on success, -1 on failure
*/
PDAL_DLL int setenv(const std::string& env, const std::string& val);
/**
Clear the value of an environment variable.
\param env Name of the environment variable to clear.
\return 0 on success, -1 on failure
*/
PDAL_DLL int unsetenv(const std::string& env);
/**
Skip stream input until a non-space character is found.
\param s Stream to process.
*/
PDAL_DLL void eatwhitespace(std::istream& s);
/**
Remove whitspace from the beginning of a string.
\param s String to be trimmed.
*/
PDAL_DLL void trimLeading(std::string& s);
/**
Remove whitspace from the end of a string.
\param s String to be trimmed.
*/
PDAL_DLL void trimTrailing(std::string& s);
/**
Remove whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.
\param s String to be trimmed.
*/
inline void trim(std::string& s)
{
trimLeading(s);
trimTrailing(s);
}
/**
If specified character is at the current stream position, advance the
stream position by 1.
\param s Stream to insect.
\param x Character to check for.
\return \c true if the character is at the current stream position,
\c false otherwise.
*/
PDAL_DLL bool eatcharacter(std::istream& s, char x);
/**
Convert a buffer to a string using base64 encoding.
\param buf Pointer to buffer to encode.
\param size Size of buffer.
\return Encoded buffer.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string base64_encode(const unsigned char *buf, size_t size);
/**
Convert a buffer to a string using base64 encoding.
\param bytes Pointer to buffer to encode.
\return Encoded buffer.
*/
inline std::string base64_encode(std::vector<uint8_t> const& bytes)
{ return base64_encode(bytes.data(), bytes.size()); }
/**
Decode a base64-encoded string into a buffer.
\param input String to decode.
\return Buffer containing decoded string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::vector<uint8_t>
base64_decode(std::string const& input);
/**
Start a process to run a command and open a pipe to which input can
be written and from which output can be read.
\param command Command to run in subprocess.
\mode Either 'r', 'w' or 'r+' to specify if the pipe should be opened
as read-only, write-only or read-write.
\return Pointer to FILE for input/output from the subprocess.
*/
PDAL_DLL FILE* portable_popen(const std::string& command,
const std::string& mode);
/**
Close file opened with \ref portable_popen.
\param fp Pointer to file to close.
\return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
*/
PDAL_DLL int portable_pclose(FILE* fp);
/**
Create a subprocess and set the standard output of the command into the
provided output string.
\param cmd Command to run.
\param output String to which output from the command should be written,
*/
PDAL_DLL int run_shell_command(const std::string& cmd, std::string& output);
/**
Replace all instances of one string found in the input with another value.
\param input Input string to modify.
\param replaceWhat Token to locate in input string.
\param replaceWithWhat Replacement for found tokens.
\return Modified version of input string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string replaceAll(std::string input,
const std::string& replaceWhat , const std::string& replaceWithWhat);
/**
Break a string into a list of strings to not exceed a specified length.
Whitespace is condensed to a single space and each string is free of
whitespace at the beginning and end when possible. Optionally, a line
length for the first line can be different from subsequent lines.
\param inputString String to split into substrings.
\param lineLength Maximum length of substrings.
\param firstLength When non-zero, the maximum length of the first
substring. When zero, the first firstLength is assigned the value
provided in lineLength.
\return List of substrings generated from the input string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string> wordWrap(std::string const& inputString,
size_t lineLength, size_t firstLength = 0);
/**
Break a string into a list of strings to not exceed a specified length.
The concatanation of the returned substrings will yield the original
string. The algorithm attempts to break the original string such that
each substring begins with a word.
\param inputString String to split into substrings.
\param lineLength Maximum length of substrings.
\param firstLength When non-zero, the maximum length of the first
substring. When zero, the first firstLength is assigned the value
provided in lineLength.
\return List of substrings generated from the input string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string> wordWrap2(std::string const& inputString,
size_t lineLength, size_t firstLength = 0);
/**
Add escape characters or otherwise transform an input string so as to
be a valid JSON string.
\param s Input string.
\return Valid JSON version of input string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string escapeJSON(const std::string &s);
/**
Demangle a C++ symbol into readable form.
\param s String to demangle.
\return Demangled symbol.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string demangle(const std::string& s);
/**
Return the screen width of an associated tty.
\return The tty screen width or 80 if on Windows or it can't be
determined.
*/
PDAL_DLL int screenWidth();
/**
Escape non-printing characters by using standard notation (i.e. \n)
or hex notation (\x10) as as necessary.
\param s String to modify.
\return Copy of input string with non-printing characters converted
to printable notation.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string escapeNonprinting(const std::string& s);
/**
Normalize longitude so that it's between (-180, 180].
\param longitude Longitude to normalize.
\return Normalized longitude.
*/
PDAL_DLL double normalizeLongitude(double longitude);
/**
Convert an input buffer to a hexadecimal string representation similar
to the output of the UNIX command 'od'. This is mostly used as an
occasional debugging aid.
\param buf Point to buffer to dump.
\param count Size of buffer.
\return Buffer converted to hex string.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::string hexDump(const char *buf, size_t count);
/**
Generate a backtrace as a list of strings.
\return List of functions at the point of the call.
*/
PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string> backtrace();
/**
Count the number of characters in a string that meet a predicate.
\param s String in which to start counting characters.
\param p Position in input string at which to start counting.
\param pred Unary predicte that tests a character.
\return Then number of characters matching the predicate.
*/
template<typename PREDICATE>
PDAL_DLL std::string::size_type
extract(const std::string& s, std::string::size_type p, PREDICATE pred)
{
std::string::size_type count = 0;
while (pred(s[p++]))
count++;
return count;
}
/**
Split a string into substrings based on a predicate. Characters
matching the predicate are discarded.
\param s String to split.
\param p Unary predicate that returns true to indicate that a character
is a split location.
\return Substrings.
*/
template<typename PREDICATE>
PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string& s, PREDICATE p)
{
std::vector<std::string> result;
if (s.empty())
return result;
auto it = s.cbegin();
auto const end = s.cend();
decltype(it) nextIt;
do
{
nextIt = std::find_if(it, end, p);
result.push_back(std::string(it, nextIt));
// Avoid advancing the iterator past the end to avoid UB.
if (nextIt != end)
it = nextIt + 1;
} while (nextIt != end);
return result;
}
/**
Split a string into substrings. Characters matching the predicate are
discarded, as are empty strings otherwise produced by \ref split().
\param s String to split.
\param p Predicate returns true if a char in a string is a split
location.
\return Vector of substrings.
*/
template<typename PREDICATE>
PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string> split2(const std::string& s, PREDICATE p)
{
std::vector<std::string> result;
if (s.empty())
return result;
auto it = s.cbegin();
auto const end = s.cend();
decltype(it) nextIt;
do
{
nextIt = std::find_if(it, end, p);
if (it != nextIt)
result.push_back(std::string(it, nextIt));
// Avoid advancing the iterator past the end to avoid UB.
if (nextIt != end)
it = nextIt + 1;
} while (nextIt != end);
return result;
}
/**
Split a string into substrings based a splitting character. The
splitting characters are discarded.
\param s String to split.
\param p Character indicating split positions.
\return Substrings.
*/
inline PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string>
split(const std::string& s, char tChar)
{
auto pred = [tChar](char c){ return(c == tChar); };
return split(s, pred);
}
/**
Split a string into substrings based a splitting character. The
splitting characters are discarded as are empty strings otherwise
produced by \ref split().
\param s String to split.
\param p Character indicating split positions.
\return Substrings.
*/
inline PDAL_DLL std::vector<std::string>
split2(const std::string& s, char tChar)
{
auto pred = [tChar](char c){ return(c == tChar); };
return split2(s, pred);
}
/**
Return a string representation of a type specified by the template
argument.
\return String representation of the type.
*/
template<typename T>
std::string typeidName()
{ return Utils::demangle(typeid(T).name()); }
struct RedirectStream
{
RedirectStream() : m_out(NULL), m_out2(NULL), m_buf(NULL)
{}
std::ofstream *m_out;
std::ostream *m_out2;
std::streambuf *m_buf;
};
/**
Redirect a stream to some other stream.
\param out Stream to redirect.
\param dst Destination stream.
\return Context for stream restoration (see \ref restore()).
*/
inline RedirectStream redirect(std::ostream& out, std::ostream& dst)
{
RedirectStream redir;
redir.m_out2 = &dst;
redir.m_buf = out.rdbuf();
out.rdbuf(redir.m_out2->rdbuf());
return redir;
}
/**
Redirect a stream to some file, by default /dev/null.
\param out Stream to redirect.
\param file Name of file where stream should be redirected.
\return Context for stream restoration (see \ref restore()).
*/
inline RedirectStream redirect(std::ostream& out,
const std::string& file = "/dev/null")
{
RedirectStream redir;
redir.m_out = new std::ofstream(file);
redir.m_buf = out.rdbuf();
out.rdbuf(redir.m_out->rdbuf());
return redir;
}
/**
Restore a stream redirected with redirect().
\param out Stream to be restored.
\param redir RedirectStream returned from corresponding
\ref redirect() call.
*/
inline void restore(std::ostream& out, RedirectStream redir)
{
out.rdbuf(redir.m_buf);
if (redir.m_out)
redir.m_out->close();
redir.m_out = NULL;
redir.m_out2 = NULL;
redir.m_buf = NULL;
}
//ABELL - This is certainly not as efficient as boost::numeric_cast, but
// has the advantage of not requiring an exception to indicate an error.
// We should investigate incorporating a version of boost::numeric_cast
// that avoids the exception for an error.
/**
Determine whether a double value may be safely converted to the given
output type without over/underflow. If the output type is integral the
input will be rounded before being tested.
\param in Value to range test.
\return Whether value can be safely converted to template type.
*/
template<typename T_OUT>
bool inRange(double in)
{
if (std::is_integral<T_OUT>::value)
{
in = sround((double)in);
}
return std::is_same<double, T_OUT>::value ||
(in >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<T_OUT>::lowest()) &&
in <= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<T_OUT>::max()));
}
/**
Determine whether a value may be safely converted to the given
output type without over/underflow. If the output type is integral and
different from the input time, the value will be rounded before being
tested.
\param in Value to range test.
\return Whether value can be safely converted to template type.
*/
template<typename T_IN, typename T_OUT>
bool inRange(T_IN in)
{
return std::is_same<T_IN, T_OUT>::value ||
inRange<T_OUT>(static_cast<double>(in));
}
/**
Convert a numeric value from one type to another. Floating point
values are rounded to the nearest integer before a conversion is
attempted.
\param in Value to convert.
\param out Converted value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false if the
datatypes/input value don't allow conversion.
*/
template<typename T_IN, typename T_OUT>
bool numericCast(T_IN in, T_OUT& out)
{
if (std::is_same<T_IN, T_OUT>::value)
{
out = static_cast<T_OUT>(in);
return true;
}
if (std::is_integral<T_OUT>::value)
in = static_cast<T_IN>(sround((double)in));
if ((std::is_same<T_OUT, double>::value) ||
(in <= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<T_OUT>::max()) &&
in >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<T_OUT>::lowest())))
{
out = static_cast<T_OUT>(in);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
Convert a value to its string representation by writing to a stringstream.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation.
*/
template<typename T>
std::string toString(const T& from)
{
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << from;
return oss.str();
}
/**
Convert a bool to a string.
*/
inline std::string toString(bool from)
{
return from ? "true" : "false";
}
/**
Convert a double to string with a precision of 10 decimal places.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(double from)
{
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << std::setprecision(10) << from;
return oss.str();
}
/**
Convert a float to string with a precision of 10 decimal places.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(float from)
{
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << std::setprecision(8) << from;
return oss.str();
}
/**
Convert a long long int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(long long from)
{ return std::to_string(from); }
/**
Convert an unsigned long long int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(unsigned long from)
{ return std::to_string(from); }
/**
Convert a long int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(long from)
{ return std::to_string(from); }
/**
Convert an unsigned int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(unsigned int from)
{ return std::to_string(from); }
/**
Convert an int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(int from)
{ return std::to_string(from); }
/**
Convert an unsigned short to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(unsigned short from)
{ return std::to_string((int)from); }
/**
Convert a short int to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(short from)
{ return std::to_string((int)from); }
/**
Convert a char (treated as numeric) to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(char from)
{ return std::to_string((int)from); }
/**
Convert an unsigned char (treated as numeric) to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(unsigned char from)
{ return std::to_string((int)from); }
/**
Convert a signed char (treated as numeric) to string.
\param from Value to convert.
\return String representation of numeric value.
*/
inline std::string toString(signed char from)
{ return std::to_string((int)from); }
/**
Convert a string to a value by reading from a string stream.
\param from String to convert.
\param to Converted value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false otherwise.
*/
template<typename T>
bool fromString(const std::string& from, T& to)
{
std::istringstream iss(from);
iss >> to;
return !iss.fail();
}
// Optimization of above.
template<>
inline bool fromString(const std::string& from, std::string& to)
{
to = from;
return true;
}
/**
Convert a numeric string to a char numeric value.
\parm s String to convert.
\param to Converted numeric value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false otherwise.
*/
template<>
inline bool fromString<char>(const std::string& s, char& to)
{
int i = std::stoi(s);
if (i >= std::numeric_limits<char>::lowest() &&
i <= std::numeric_limits<char>::max())
{
to = static_cast<char>(i);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
Convert a numeric string to an unsigned char numeric value.
\parm s String to convert.
\param to Converted numeric value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false otherwise.
*/
template<>
inline bool fromString<unsigned char>(const std::string& s,
unsigned char& to)
{
int i = std::stoi(s);
if (i >= std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::lowest() &&
i <= std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max())
{
to = static_cast<unsigned char>(i);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
Convert a numeric string to a signed char numeric value.
\parm s String to convert.
\param to Converted numeric value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false otherwise.
*/
template<>
inline bool fromString<signed char>(const std::string& s, signed char& to)
{
int i = std::stoi(s);
if (i >= std::numeric_limits<signed char>::lowest() &&
i <= std::numeric_limits<signed char>::max())
{
to = static_cast<signed char>(i);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
Specialization conversion from string to double to handle Nan.
\param s String to be converted.
\param d Converted value.
\return \c true if the conversion was successful, \c false otherwise.
*/
template<>
inline bool fromString<double>(const std::string& s, double& d)
{
if (s == "nan" || s == "NaN")
{
d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
return true;
}
std::istringstream iss(s);
iss >> d;
return !iss.fail();
}
/**
Return the argument cast to its underlying type. Typically used on
an enum.
\param e Variable for which to find the underlying type.
\return Converted variable.
*/
template<typename E>
typename std::underlying_type<E>::type toNative(E e)
{
return static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<E>::type>(e);
}
} // namespace Utils
} // namespace pdal
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