/usr/lib/python-escript-mpi/esys/escriptcore/flows.py is in python-escript-mpi 5.0-3.
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##############################################################################
#
# Copyright (c) 2003-2016 by The University of Queensland
# http://www.uq.edu.au
#
# Primary Business: Queensland, Australia
# Licensed under the Apache License, version 2.0
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Development until 2012 by Earth Systems Science Computational Center (ESSCC)
# Development 2012-2013 by School of Earth Sciences
# Development from 2014 by Centre for Geoscience Computing (GeoComp)
#
##############################################################################
from __future__ import print_function, division
__copyright__="""Copyright (c) 2003-2016 by The University of Queensland
http://www.uq.edu.au
Primary Business: Queensland, Australia"""
__license__="""Licensed under the Apache License, version 2.0
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"""
__url__="https://launchpad.net/escript-finley"
"""
Some models for flow
:var __author__: name of author
:var __copyright__: copyrights
:var __license__: licence agreement
:var __url__: url entry point on documentation
:var __version__: version
:var __date__: date of the version
"""
__author__="Lutz Gross, l.gross@uq.edu.au"
from . import escriptcpp as escore
from . import util
from . import linearPDEs as lpe
from . import pdetools as pdt
class DarcyFlow(object):
"""
solves the problem
*u_i+k_{ij}*p_{,j} = g_i*
*u_{i,i} = f*
where *p* represents the pressure and *u* the Darcy flux. *k* represents the permeability,
:cvar EVAL: direct pressure gradient evaluation for flux
:cvar POST: global postprocessing of flux by solving the PDE *K_{ij} u_j + (w * K * l u_{k,k})_{,i}= - p_{,j} + K_{ij} g_j*
where *l* is the length scale, *K* is the inverse of the permeability tensor, and *w* is a positive weighting factor.
:cvar SMOOTH: global smoothing by solving the PDE *K_{ij} u_j= - p_{,j} + K_{ij} g_j*
"""
EVAL="EVAL"
SIMPLE="EVAL"
POST="POST"
SMOOTH="SMOOTH"
def __init__(self, domain, useReduced=False, solver="POST", verbose=False, w=1.):
"""
initializes the Darcy flux problem.
:param domain: domain of the problem
:type domain: `Domain`
:param useReduced: uses reduced oreder on flux and pressure
:type useReduced: ``bool``
:param solver: solver method
:type solver: in [`DarcyFlow.EVAL`, `DarcyFlow.POST`, `DarcyFlow.SMOOTH` ]
:param verbose: if ``True`` some information on the iteration progress are printed.
:type verbose: ``bool``
:param w: weighting factor for `DarcyFlow.POST` solver
:type w: ``float``
"""
if not solver in [DarcyFlow.EVAL, DarcyFlow.POST, DarcyFlow.SMOOTH ] :
raise ValueError("unknown solver %d."%solver)
self.domain=domain
self.solver=solver
self.useReduced=useReduced
self.verbose=verbose
self.l=None
self.w=None
self.__pde_p=lpe.LinearSinglePDE(domain)
self.__pde_p.setSymmetryOn()
if self.useReduced: self.__pde_p.setReducedOrderOn()
if self.solver == self.EVAL:
self.__pde_v=None
if self.verbose: print("DarcyFlow: simple solver is used.")
elif self.solver == self.POST:
if util.inf(w)<0.:
raise ValueError("Weighting factor must be non-negative.")
if self.verbose: print("DarcyFlow: global postprocessing of flux is used.")
self.__pde_v=lpe.LinearPDESystem(domain)
self.__pde_v.setSymmetryOn()
if self.useReduced: self.__pde_v.setReducedOrderOn()
self.w=w
x=self.domain.getX()
self.l=min( [util.sup(x[i])-util.inf(x[i]) for i in range(self.domain.getDim()) ] )
#self.l=util.vol(self.domain)**(1./self.domain.getDim()) # length scale
elif self.solver == self.SMOOTH:
self.__pde_v=lpe.LinearPDESystem(domain)
self.__pde_v.setSymmetryOn()
if self.useReduced: self.__pde_v.setReducedOrderOn()
if self.verbose: print("DarcyFlow: flux smoothing is used.")
self.w=0
self.__f=escore.Data(0,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("X"))
self.__g=escore.Vector(0,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
self.__permeability_invXg=escore.Vector(0,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
self.__permeability_invXg_ref=util.numpy.zeros((self.domain.getDim()),util.numpy.float64)
self.ref_point_id=None
self.ref_point=util.numpy.zeros((self.domain.getDim()),util.numpy.float64)
self.location_of_fixed_pressure = escore.Data(0, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q"))
self.location_of_fixed_flux = escore.Vector(0, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q"))
self.perm_scale=1.
def setValue(self,f=None, g=None, location_of_fixed_pressure=None, location_of_fixed_flux=None, permeability=None):
"""
assigns values to model parameters
:param f: volumetic sources/sinks
:type f: scalar value on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`)
:param g: flux sources/sinks
:type g: vector values on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`)
:param location_of_fixed_pressure: mask for locations where pressure is fixed
:type location_of_fixed_pressure: scalar value on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`)
:param location_of_fixed_flux: mask for locations where flux is fixed.
:type location_of_fixed_flux: vector values on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`)
:param permeability: permeability tensor. If scalar ``s`` is given the tensor with ``s`` on the main diagonal is used.
:type permeability: scalar or symmetric tensor values on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`)
:note: the values of parameters which are not set by calling ``setValue`` are not altered.
:note: at any point on the boundary of the domain the pressure
(``location_of_fixed_pressure`` >0) or the normal component of the
flux (``location_of_fixed_flux[i]>0``) if direction of the normal
is along the *x_i* axis.
"""
if location_of_fixed_pressure is not None:
self.location_of_fixed_pressure=util.wherePositive(util.interpolate(location_of_fixed_pressure, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q")))
self.ref_point_id=self.location_of_fixed_pressure.internal_maxGlobalDataPoint()
if not self.location_of_fixed_pressure.getTupleForGlobalDataPoint(*self.ref_point_id)[0] > 0: raise ValueError("pressure needs to be fixed at least one point.")
self.ref_point=self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q").getX().getTupleForGlobalDataPoint(*self.ref_point_id)
if self.verbose: print(("DarcyFlow: reference point at %s."%(self.ref_point,)))
self.__pde_p.setValue(q=self.location_of_fixed_pressure)
if location_of_fixed_flux is not None:
self.location_of_fixed_flux=util.wherePositive(location_of_fixed_flux)
if not self.__pde_v is None:
self.__pde_v.setValue(q=self.location_of_fixed_flux)
if permeability is not None:
perm=util.interpolate(permeability,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("A"))
self.perm_scale=util.Lsup(util.length(perm))
if self.verbose: print(("DarcyFlow: permeability scaling factor = %e."%self.perm_scale))
perm=perm*(1./self.perm_scale)
if perm.getRank()==0:
perm_inv=(1./perm)
perm_inv=perm_inv*util.kronecker(self.domain.getDim())
perm=perm*util.kronecker(self.domain.getDim())
elif perm.getRank()==2:
perm_inv=util.inverse(perm)
else:
raise ValueError("illegal rank of permeability.")
self.__permeability=perm
self.__permeability_inv=perm_inv
#====================
self.__pde_p.setValue(A=self.__permeability)
if self.solver == self.EVAL:
pass # no extra work required
elif self.solver == self.POST:
k=util.kronecker(self.domain.getDim())
self.omega = self.w*util.length(perm_inv)*self.l*self.domain.getSize()
#self.__pde_v.setValue(D=self.__permeability_inv, A=self.omega*util.outer(k,k))
self.__pde_v.setValue(D=self.__permeability_inv, A_reduced=self.omega*util.outer(k,k))
elif self.solver == self.SMOOTH:
self.__pde_v.setValue(D=self.__permeability_inv)
if g is not None:
g=util.interpolate(g, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
if g.isEmpty():
g=Vector(0,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
else:
if not g.getShape()==(self.domain.getDim(),): raise ValueError("illegal shape of g")
self.__g=g
self.__permeability_invXg=util.tensor_mult(self.__permeability_inv,self.__g * (1./self.perm_scale ))
self.__permeability_invXg_ref=util.integrate(self.__permeability_invXg)/util.vol(self.domain)
if f is not None:
f=util.interpolate(f, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
if f.isEmpty():
f=Scalar(0,self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("Y"))
else:
if f.getRank()>0: raise ValueError("illegal rank of f.")
self.__f=f
def getSolverOptionsFlux(self):
"""
Returns the solver options used to solve the flux problems
:return: `SolverOptions`
"""
if self.__pde_v is None:
return None
else:
return self.__pde_v.getSolverOptions()
def setSolverOptionsFlux(self, options=None):
"""
Sets the solver options used to solve the flux problems
If ``options`` is not present, the options are reset to default
:param options: `SolverOptions`
"""
if not self.__pde_v is None:
self.__pde_v.setSolverOptions(options)
def getSolverOptionsPressure(self):
"""
Returns the solver options used to solve the pressure problems
:return: `SolverOptions`
"""
return self.__pde_p.getSolverOptions()
def setSolverOptionsPressure(self, options=None):
"""
Sets the solver options used to solve the pressure problems
If ``options`` is not present, the options are reset to default
:param options: `SolverOptions`
:note: if the adaption of subtolerance is choosen, the tolerance set by ``options`` will be overwritten before the solver is called.
"""
return self.__pde_p.setSolverOptions(options)
def solve(self, u0, p0):
"""
solves the problem.
:param u0: initial guess for the flux. At locations in the domain marked by ``location_of_fixed_flux`` the value of ``u0`` is kept unchanged.
:type u0: vector value on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`).
:param p0: initial guess for the pressure. At locations in the domain marked by ``location_of_fixed_pressure`` the value of ``p0`` is kept unchanged.
:type p0: scalar value on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`).
:return: flux and pressure
:rtype: ``tuple`` of `escript.Data`.
"""
p0=util.interpolate(p0, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q"))
if self.ref_point_id is None:
p_ref=0
else:
p_ref=p0.getTupleForGlobalDataPoint(*self.ref_point_id)[0]
p0_hydrostatic=p_ref+util.inner(self.__permeability_invXg_ref, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q").getX() - self.ref_point)
g_2=self.__g - util.tensor_mult(self.__permeability, self.__permeability_invXg_ref * self.perm_scale)
self.__pde_p.setValue(X=g_2 * 1./self.perm_scale,
Y=self.__f * 1./self.perm_scale,
y= - util.inner(self.domain.getNormal(),u0 * self.location_of_fixed_flux * 1./self.perm_scale ),
r=p0 - p0_hydrostatic)
pp=self.__pde_p.getSolution()
u = self._getFlux(pp, u0)
return u,pp + p0_hydrostatic
def getFlux(self,p, u0=None):
"""
returns the flux for a given pressure ``p`` where the flux is equal to ``u0``
on locations where ``location_of_fixed_flux`` is positive (see `setValue`).
Notice that ``g`` is used, see `setValue`.
:param p: pressure.
:type p: scalar value on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`).
:param u0: flux on the locations of the domain marked be ``location_of_fixed_flux``.
:type u0: vector values on the domain (e.g. `escript.Data`) or ``None``
:return: flux
:rtype: `escript.Data`
"""
p=util.interpolate(p, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q"))
if self.ref_point_id is None:
p_ref=0
else:
p_ref=p.getTupleForGlobalDataPoint(*self.ref_point_id)[0]
p_hydrostatic=p_ref+util.inner(self.__permeability_invXg_ref, self.__pde_p.getFunctionSpaceForCoefficient("q").getX() - self.ref_point)
return self._getFlux(p-p_hydrostatic, u0)
def _getFlux(self, pp, u0=None):
"""
returns the flux for a given pressure ``pp`` where the flux is equal to
``u0`` on locations where ``location_of_fixed_flux`` is positive (see
`setValue`). Notice that ``g`` is used, see `setValue`.
:param pp: pressure.
:type pp: scalar value on the domain (i.e. `escript.Data`).
:param u0: flux on the locations of the domain marked in ``location_of_fixed_flux``.
:type u0: vector values on the domain (i.e. `escript.Data`) or ``None``
:return: flux
:rtype: `escript.Data`
"""
if self.solver == self.EVAL:
u = self.__g - util.tensor_mult(self.__permeability, self.perm_scale * (util.grad(pp) + self.__permeability_invXg_ref))
elif self.solver == self.POST or self.solver == self.SMOOTH:
self.__pde_v.setValue(Y= self.__permeability_invXg - (util.grad(pp) + self.__permeability_invXg_ref))
if u0 is None:
self.__pde_v.setValue(r=escore.Data())
else:
if not isinstance(u0, escore.Data) : u0 = escore.Vector(u0, escore.Solution(self.domain))
self.__pde_v.setValue(r=1./self.perm_scale * u0)
u= self.__pde_v.getSolution() * self.perm_scale
return u
class StokesProblemCartesian(pdt.HomogeneousSaddlePointProblem):
"""
solves
-(eta*(u_{i,j}+u_{j,i}))_j + p_i = f_i-stress_{ij,j}
u_{i,i}=0
u=0 where fixed_u_mask>0
eta*(u_{i,j}+u_{j,i})*n_j-p*n_i=surface_stress +stress_{ij}n_j
if surface_stress is not given 0 is assumed.
typical usage:
sp=StokesProblemCartesian(domain)
sp.setTolerance()
sp.initialize(...)
v,p=sp.solve(v0,p0)
sp.setStokesEquation(...) # new values for some parameters
v1,p1=sp.solve(v,p)
"""
def __init__(self,domain,**kwargs):
"""
initialize the Stokes Problem
The approximation spaces used for velocity (=Solution(domain)) and pressure (=ReducedSolution(domain)) must be
LBB complient, for instance using quadratic and linear approximation on the same element or using linear approximation
with macro elements for the pressure.
:param domain: domain of the problem.
:type domain: `Domain`
"""
pdt.HomogeneousSaddlePointProblem.__init__(self,**kwargs)
self.domain=domain
self.__pde_v=lpe.LinearPDE(domain,numEquations=self.domain.getDim(),numSolutions=self.domain.getDim())
self.__pde_v.setSymmetryOn()
self.__pde_prec=lpe.LinearPDE(domain)
self.__pde_prec.setReducedOrderOn()
self.__pde_prec.setSymmetryOn()
self.__pde_proj=lpe.LinearPDE(domain)
self.__pde_proj.setReducedOrderOn()
self.__pde_proj.setValue(D=1)
self.__pde_proj.setSymmetryOn()
def getSolverOptionsVelocity(self):
"""
returns the solver options used solve the equation for velocity.
:rtype: `SolverOptions`
"""
return self.__pde_v.getSolverOptions()
def setSolverOptionsVelocity(self, options=None):
"""
set the solver options for solving the equation for velocity.
:param options: new solver options
:type options: `SolverOptions`
"""
self.__pde_v.setSolverOptions(options)
def getSolverOptionsPressure(self):
"""
returns the solver options used solve the equation for pressure.
:rtype: `SolverOptions`
"""
return self.__pde_prec.getSolverOptions()
def setSolverOptionsPressure(self, options=None):
"""
set the solver options for solving the equation for pressure.
:param options: new solver options
:type options: `SolverOptions`
"""
self.__pde_prec.setSolverOptions(options)
def setSolverOptionsDiv(self, options=None):
"""
set the solver options for solving the equation to project the divergence of
the velocity onto the function space of presure.
:param options: new solver options
:type options: `SolverOptions`
"""
self.__pde_proj.setSolverOptions(options)
def getSolverOptionsDiv(self):
"""
returns the solver options for solving the equation to project the divergence of
the velocity onto the function space of presure.
:rtype: `SolverOptions`
"""
return self.__pde_proj.getSolverOptions()
def updateStokesEquation(self, v, p):
"""
updates the Stokes equation to consider dependencies from ``v`` and ``p``
:note: This method can be overwritten by a subclass. Use `setStokesEquation` to set new values to model parameters.
"""
pass
def setStokesEquation(self, f=None,fixed_u_mask=None,eta=None,surface_stress=None,stress=None, restoration_factor=None):
"""
assigns new values to the model parameters.
:param f: external force
:type f: `Vector` object in `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
:param fixed_u_mask: mask of locations with fixed velocity.
:type fixed_u_mask: `Vector` object on `FunctionSpace` `Solution` or similar
:param eta: viscosity
:type eta: `Scalar` object on `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
:param surface_stress: normal surface stress
:type surface_stress: `Vector` object on `FunctionSpace` `FunctionOnBoundary` or similar
:param stress: initial stress
:type stress: `Tensor` object on `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
"""
if eta is not None:
k=util.kronecker(self.domain.getDim())
kk=util.outer(k,k)
self.eta=util.interpolate(eta, escore.Function(self.domain))
self.__pde_prec.setValue(D=1/self.eta)
self.__pde_v.setValue(A=self.eta*(util.swap_axes(kk,0,3)+util.swap_axes(kk,1,3)))
if restoration_factor is not None:
n=self.domain.getNormal()
self.__pde_v.setValue(d=restoration_factor*util.outer(n,n))
if fixed_u_mask is not None:
self.__pde_v.setValue(q=fixed_u_mask)
if f is not None: self.__f=f
if surface_stress is not None: self.__surface_stress=surface_stress
if stress is not None: self.__stress=stress
def initialize(self,f=escore.Data(),fixed_u_mask=escore.Data(),eta=1,surface_stress=escore.Data(),stress=escore.Data(), restoration_factor=0):
"""
assigns values to the model parameters
:param f: external force
:type f: `Vector` object in `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
:param fixed_u_mask: mask of locations with fixed velocity.
:type fixed_u_mask: `Vector` object on `FunctionSpace` `Solution` or similar
:param eta: viscosity
:type eta: `Scalar` object on `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
:param surface_stress: normal surface stress
:type surface_stress: `Vector` object on `FunctionSpace` `FunctionOnBoundary` or similar
:param stress: initial stress
:type stress: `Tensor` object on `FunctionSpace` `Function` or similar
"""
self.setStokesEquation(f,fixed_u_mask, eta, surface_stress, stress, restoration_factor)
def Bv(self,v,tol):
"""
returns inner product of element p and div(v)
:param v: a residual
:return: inner product of element p and div(v)
:rtype: ``float``
"""
self.__pde_proj.setValue(Y=-util.div(v))
self.getSolverOptionsDiv().setTolerance(tol)
self.getSolverOptionsDiv().setAbsoluteTolerance(0.)
out=self.__pde_proj.getSolution()
return out
def inner_pBv(self,p,Bv):
"""
returns inner product of element p and Bv=-div(v)
:param p: a pressure increment
:param Bv: a residual
:return: inner product of element p and Bv=-div(v)
:rtype: ``float``
"""
return util.integrate(util.interpolate(p,escore.Function(self.domain))*util.interpolate(Bv, escore.Function(self.domain)))
def inner_p(self,p0,p1):
"""
Returns inner product of p0 and p1
:param p0: a pressure
:param p1: a pressure
:return: inner product of p0 and p1
:rtype: ``float``
"""
s0=util.interpolate(p0, escore.Function(self.domain))
s1=util.interpolate(p1, escore.Function(self.domain))
return util.integrate(s0*s1)
def norm_v(self,v):
"""
returns the norm of v
:param v: a velovity
:return: norm of v
:rtype: non-negative ``float``
"""
return util.sqrt(util.integrate(util.length(util.grad(v))**2))
def getDV(self, p, v, tol):
"""
return the value for v for a given p
:param p: a pressure
:param v: a initial guess for the value v to return.
:return: dv given as *Adv=(f-Av-B^*p)*
"""
self.updateStokesEquation(v,p)
self.__pde_v.setValue(Y=self.__f, y=self.__surface_stress)
self.getSolverOptionsVelocity().setTolerance(tol)
self.getSolverOptionsVelocity().setAbsoluteTolerance(0.)
if self.__stress.isEmpty():
self.__pde_v.setValue(X=p*util.kronecker(self.domain)-2*self.eta*util.symmetric(util.grad(v)))
else:
self.__pde_v.setValue(X=self.__stress+p*util.kronecker(self.domain)-2*self.eta*util.symmetric(util.grad(v)))
out=self.__pde_v.getSolution()
return out
def norm_Bv(self,Bv):
"""
Returns Bv (overwrite).
:rtype: equal to the type of p
:note: boundary conditions on p should be zero!
"""
return util.sqrt(util.integrate(util.interpolate(Bv, escore.Function(self.domain))**2))
def solve_AinvBt(self,p, tol):
"""
Solves *Av=B^*p* with accuracy `tol`
:param p: a pressure increment
:return: the solution of *Av=B^*p*
:note: boundary conditions on v should be zero!
"""
self.__pde_v.setValue(Y=escore.Data(), y=escore.Data(), X=-p*util.kronecker(self.domain))
out=self.__pde_v.getSolution()
return out
def solve_prec(self,Bv, tol):
"""
applies preconditioner for for *BA^{-1}B^** to *Bv*
with accuracy ``self.getSubProblemTolerance()``
:param Bv: velocity increment
:return: *p=P(Bv)* where *P^{-1}* is an approximation of *BA^{-1}B^ * )*
:note: boundary conditions on p are zero.
"""
self.__pde_prec.setValue(Y=Bv)
self.getSolverOptionsPressure().setTolerance(tol)
self.getSolverOptionsPressure().setAbsoluteTolerance(0.)
out=self.__pde_prec.getSolution()
return out
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