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POSTFIX(1) POSTFIX(1)
<b>NAME</b>
postfix - Postfix control program
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<b>postfix</b> [<b>-Dv</b>] [<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>] <i>command</i>
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit
mail, use the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command.
The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command controls the operation of the Post-
fix mail system: start or stop the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon, do a
health check, and other maintenance.
By default, the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command sets up a standardized
environment and runs the <b>postfix-script</b> shell script to do
the actual work.
However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is
configured, <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> executes the command specified with
the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrapper</a></b> configuration parameter. This
command will execute the <i>command</i> for each applicable Post-
fix instance.
The following commands are implemented:
<b>check</b> Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permis-
sions, and create missing directories.
<b>start</b> Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the
configuration check described above.
<b>stop</b> Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion.
If possible, running processes are allowed to ter-
minate at their earliest convenience.
Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system
after a configuration change, do not use the <b>start</b>
and <b>stop</b> commands in succession. Use the <b>reload</b>
command instead.
<b>abort</b> Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running pro-
cesses are signaled to stop immediately.
<b>flush</b> Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in
the deferred mail queue. Normally, attempts to
deliver delayed mail happen at regular intervals,
the interval doubling after each failed attempt.
Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently
will result in poor delivery performance of all
other mail.
<b>reload</b> Re-read configuration files. Running processes ter-
minate at their earliest convenience.
<b>status</b> Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently
running.
<b>set-permissions [</b><i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i><b>]</b>
Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix
related files and directories, as specified in the
<b>postfix-files</b> file.
Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configuration parameters. Use this, for
example, to change the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> or <b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a></b>
setting for an already installed Postfix system.
This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_direc</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">tory</a>/post-install set-permissions</b>".
<b>upgrade-configuration [</b><i>name</i>=<i>value ...</i><b>]</b>
Update the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> files with infor-
mation that Postfix needs in order to run: add or
update services, and add or update configuration
parameter settings.
Specify <i>name</i>=<i>value</i> to override and update specific
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configuration parameters.
This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
With Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_direc</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">tory</a>/post-install upgrade-configuration</b>".
The following options are implemented:
<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>
Read the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> configuration files
in the named directory instead of the default con-
figuration directory. Use this to distinguish
between multiple Postfix instances on the same
host.
With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the
<a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command to operate on the specified
Postfix instance only. This behavior is inherited
by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that run as a descendant of
the current process.
<b>-D</b> (with <b>postfix start</b> only)
Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger
as specified via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration
parameter.
<b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Mul-
tiple <b>-v</b> options make the software increasingly
verbose.
<b>ENVIRONMENT</b>
The <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command exports the following environment
variables before executing the <b>postfix-script</b> file:
<b>MAIL_CONFIG</b>
This is set when the -c command-line option is
present.
With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment vari-
able forces the <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> command to operate on
the specified Postfix instance only. This behavior
is inherited by <a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a> commands that run as a
descendant of the current process.
<b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b>
This is set when the -v command-line option is
present.
<b>MAIL_DEBUG</b>
This is set when the -D command-line option is
present.
<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configuration parameters are
exported as environment variables with the same names:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of all postfix administrative com-
mands.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The directory with Postfix support programs and
daemon programs.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of the Postfix top-level queue direc-
tory.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b>
The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue
and most Postfix daemon processes.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#setgid_group">setgid_group</a> (postdrop)</b>
The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and
of group-writable Postfix directories.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#sendmail_path">sendmail_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the
location of the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> command.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#newaliases_path">newaliases_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the
location of the <a href="newaliases.1.html"><b>newaliases</b>(1)</a> command.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mailq_path">mailq_path</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where
the Postfix <a href="mailq.1.html"><b>mailq</b>(1)</a> command is installed.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#html_directory">html_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of Postfix HTML files that describe
how to build, configure or operate a specific Post-
fix subsystem or feature.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#manpage_directory">manpage_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
Where the Postfix manual pages are installed.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#readme_directory">readme_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The location of Postfix README files that describe
how to build, configure or operate a specific Post-
fix subsystem or feature.
Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for
example: caches, pseudo-random numbers).
Other configuration parameters:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The list of environment parameters that a Postfix
process will import from a non-Postfix parent
process.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
The mail system name that is prepended to the
process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd"
becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> (empty)</b>
An optional list of non-default Postfix configura-
tion directories; these directories belong to addi-
tional Postfix instances that share the Postfix
executable files and documentation with the default
Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped,
etc., together with the default Postfix instance.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_wrapper">multi_instance_wrapper</a> (empty)</b>
The pathname of a multi-instance manager command
that the <a href="postfix.1.html"><b>postfix</b>(1)</a> command invokes when the
<a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_directories">multi_instance_directories</a> parameter value is non-
empty.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_group">multi_instance_group</a> (empty)</b>
The optional instance group name of this Postfix
instance.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_name">multi_instance_name</a> (empty)</b>
The optional instance name of this Postfix
instance.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#multi_instance_enable">multi_instance_enable</a> (no)</b>
Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped,
etc., by a multi-instance manager.
<b>FILES</b>
Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files
were in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a></b>. Some files are now in <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">dae</a>-</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">mon_directory</a></b> so that they can be shared among multiple
instances that run the same Postfix version.
Use the command "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a></b>" or "<b>postconf</b>
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a></b>" to expand the names into their actual
values.
$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, Postfix configuration parameters
$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, Postfix daemon processes
$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/postfix-files, file/directory permissions
$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/postfix-script, administrative commands
$<a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a>/post-install, post-installation configuration
<b>SEE ALSO</b>
Commands:
<a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database
<a href="postcat.1.html">postcat(1)</a>, examine Postfix queue file
<a href="postconf.1.html">postconf(1)</a>, Postfix configuration utility
<a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, Postfix control program
<a href="postkick.1.html">postkick(1)</a>, trigger Postfix daemon
<a href="postlock.1.html">postlock(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible locking
<a href="postlog.1.html">postlog(1)</a>, Postfix-compatible logging
<a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager
<a href="postmulti.1.html">postmulti(1)</a>, Postfix multi-instance manager
<a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, Postfix mail queue control
<a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, Postfix housekeeping
<a href="mailq.1.html">mailq(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface
<a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface
<a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a>, Sendmail compatibility interface
Postfix configuration:
<a href="bounce.5.html">bounce(5)</a>, Postfix bounce message templates
<a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file syntax
<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file syntax
<a href="postfix-wrapper.5.html">postfix-wrapper(5)</a>, Postfix multi-instance API
Table-driven mechanisms:
<a href="access.5.html">access(5)</a>, Postfix SMTP access control table
<a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>, Postfix alias database
<a href="canonical.5.html">canonical(5)</a>, Postfix input address rewriting
<a href="generic.5.html">generic(5)</a>, Postfix output address rewriting
<a href="header_checks.5.html">header_checks(5)</a>, <a href="header_checks.5.html">body_checks(5)</a>, Postfix content inspection
<a href="relocated.5.html">relocated(5)</a>, Users that have moved
<a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, Postfix routing table
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a>, Postfix virtual aliasing
Table lookup mechanisms:
<a href="cidr_table.5.html">cidr_table(5)</a>, Associate CIDR pattern with value
<a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap_table(5)</a>, Postfix LDAP client
<a href="memcache_table.5.html">memcache_table(5)</a>, Postfix memcache client
<a href="mysql_table.5.html">mysql_table(5)</a>, Postfix MYSQL client
<a href="nisplus_table.5.html">nisplus_table(5)</a>, Postfix NIS+ client
<a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a>, Associate PCRE pattern with value
<a href="pgsql_table.5.html">pgsql_table(5)</a>, Postfix PostgreSQL client
<a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a>, Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value
<a href="sqlite_table.5.html">sqlite_table(5)</a>, Postfix SQLite database driver
<a href="tcp_table.5.html">tcp_table(5)</a>, Postfix client-server table lookup
Daemon processes:
<a href="anvil.8.html">anvil(8)</a>, Postfix connection/rate limiting
<a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html">defer(8)</a>, <a href="trace.8.html">trace(8)</a>, Delivery status reports
<a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue message
<a href="discard.8.html">discard(8)</a>, Postfix discard delivery agent
<a href="dnsblog.8.html">dnsblog(8)</a>, DNS black/whitelist logger
<a href="error.8.html">error(8)</a>, Postfix error delivery agent
<a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, Postfix fast ETRN service
<a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, Postfix local delivery agent
<a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, Postfix master daemon
<a href="qmgr.8.html">oqmgr(8)</a>, old Postfix queue manager
<a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, Postfix local mail pickup
<a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a>, deliver mail to non-Postfix command
<a href="postscreen.8.html">postscreen(8)</a>, Postfix zombie blocker
<a href="proxymap.8.html">proxymap(8)</a>, Postfix lookup table proxy server
<a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, Postfix queue manager
<a href="qmqpd.8.html">qmqpd(8)</a>, Postfix QMQP server
<a href="scache.8.html">scache(8)</a>, Postfix connection cache manager
<a href="showq.8.html">showq(8)</a>, list Postfix mail queue
<a href="smtp.8.html">smtp(8)</a>, <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP+LMTP client
<a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, Postfix SMTP server
<a href="spawn.8.html">spawn(8)</a>, run non-Postfix server
<a href="tlsmgr.8.html">tlsmgr(8)</a>, Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager
<a href="tlsproxy.8.html">tlsproxy(8)</a>, Postfix TLS proxy server
<a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, Postfix address rewriting
<a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, Postfix address verification
<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a>, Postfix virtual delivery agent
Other:
syslogd(8), system logging
<b>README FILES</b>
<a href="OVERVIEW.html">OVERVIEW</a>, overview of Postfix commands and processes
<a href="BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README.html">BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README</a>, Postfix basic configuration
<a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html">ADDRESS_REWRITING_README</a>, Postfix address rewriting
<a href="SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html">SMTPD_ACCESS_README</a>, SMTP relay/access control
<a href="CONTENT_INSPECTION_README.html">CONTENT_INSPECTION_README</a>, Postfix content inspection
<a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis
<b>LICENSE</b>
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
software.
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
TLS support by:
Lutz Jaenicke
Brandenburg University of Technology
Cottbus, Germany
Victor Duchovni
Morgan Stanley
SASL support originally by:
Till Franke
SuSE Rhein/Main AG
65760 Eschborn, Germany
LMTP support originally by:
Philip A. Prindeville
Mirapoint, Inc.
USA.
Amos Gouaux
University of Texas at Dallas
P.O. Box 830688, MC34
Richardson, TX 75083, USA
IPv6 support originally by:
Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands
Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan
The Linux PLD project
Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands
POSTFIX(1)
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