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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Using aptitude from the command line</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="aptitude.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="aptitude user's manual" /><link rel="up" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started" /><link rel="prev" href="ch01s01s05.html" title="Updating the package list and installing packages" /><link rel="next" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide" /><link rel="preface" href="pr01.html" title="Introduction" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. aptitude frequently asked questions" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Credits" /><link rel="reference" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re01.html" title="aptitude" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re02.html" title="aptitude-create-state-bundle" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re03.html" title="aptitude-run-state-bundle" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Using <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> from the command line</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01s05.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 1. Getting started</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="secUsingCmdline"></a>Using <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> from the command line</h2></div></div></div><p>
In addition to its <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">visual</span>”</span> interface described in the
previous section, <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> can be used to manage packages
directly from the command-line in the same way that you would
use <span class="command"><strong>apt-get</strong></span>. This section covers the most common <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>
command-line actions; for more information, see <a class="link" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference">the <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> command-line reference</a>.
</p><p>
In general, a command-line invocation of <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> will look
like this:
</p><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>arguments</code></em>...]</p></div><p>
<em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> tells <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> what action
it is to take; the remaining arguments are used in an
option-specific fashion. Typically they will consist of
package names and command-line switches<a href="#ftn.idm623" class="footnote" id="idm623"><sup class="footnote">[4]</sup></a>.
</p><p>
The most important actions are:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> update </p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
This command updates the package lists, as if you had
entered the visual interface and pressed
<span class="keycap"><strong>u</strong></span>.
</p></dd><dt><a id="safeUpgrade"></a><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> safe-upgrade </p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
This command will upgrade as many packages as it can
upgrade without removing existing packages.
</p><p>
It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order
to upgrade another; this command is not able to upgrade
packages in such situations. Use the <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#fullUpgrade"><code class="literal">full-upgrade</code></a>
command to upgrade those packages as well.
</p></dd><dt><a id="fullUpgrade"></a><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> full-upgrade </p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
Like <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#safeUpgrade"><code class="literal">safe-upgrade</code></a>,
this command will attempt to upgrade packages, but it is
more aggressive about solving dependency problems: it
will install and remove packages until all dependencies
are satisfied. Because of the nature of this command,
it is possible that it will do undesirable things, and
so you should be careful when using it.
</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png" /></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
For historical reasons, this command was originally
named <code class="literal">dist-upgrade</code>, and that name
is still recognized by <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>.
</p></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> [ install | remove | purge ] <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg1</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>pkg2</code></em>...]</p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
These commands install, remove, or
purge<a href="#ftn.idm675" class="footnote" id="idm675"><sup class="footnote">[5]</sup></a> the specified packages.
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Installing</span>”</span> a package which is already installed but
can be upgraded will cause it to be upgraded.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> search <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>...]</p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
This command searches for packages whose name contains
any of the given <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>s,
printing the result to the terminal. In addition to
just being a string of text, each
<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> can be a search
pattern as described in <a class="xref" href="ch02s04.html" title="Search patterns">the section called “Search patterns”</a>.
<a href="#ftn.idm692" class="footnote" id="idm692"><sup class="footnote">[6]</sup></a> For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">aptitude
search gnome kde</code></span>”</span> will list all
packages whose name contains either
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">gnome</code></span>”</span> or
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">kde</code></span>”</span>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">aptitude</code> show <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg1</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>pkg2</code></em>...]</p></div>
</span></dt><dd><p>
Prints information about each
<em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> to the terminal.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
The commands that install, upgrade, and remove packages all
accept the parameter <code class="literal">-s</code>, which stands for <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">simulate</span>”</span>. When
<code class="literal">-s</code> is passed on the command line, the program performs all
the actions it would normally perform, but does not actually
download or install/remove any files.
</p><p>
<span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> will sometimes present a prompt like this:
</p><pre class="screen">The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
space-orbit-common
The following NEW packages will be installed:
space-orbit space-orbit-common
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
<code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code></pre><p>
In addition to the obvious options of <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Yes</span>”</span> and <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">No</span>”</span>, a number
of commands are available which can be used to change the
information displayed at the prompt, or to specify further
actions. For instance, typing <strong class="userinput"><code>s</code></strong> will display or hide
information about how much space each package will use:
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>s</code></strong>
Size changes will be shown.
The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
space-orbit-common <+8020kB>
The following NEW packages will be installed:
space-orbit <+393kB> space-orbit-common <+8020kB>
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
<code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code></pre><p>
Similarly, typing <strong class="userinput"><code>d</code></strong> will display information about
automatically installed or removed packages:
</p><pre class="screen">The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
space-orbit-common (D: space-orbit)
The following NEW packages will be installed:
space-orbit space-orbit-common
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.</pre><p>
This shows that <code class="systemitem">space-orbit-common</code> is
being installed because <code class="systemitem">space-orbit</code>
depends on it. You can see the entire list of possible
entries by entering <strong class="userinput"><code>?</code></strong> at the prompt.
</p><p>
If your request violates dependencies in a way that cannot be
trivially resolved, <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> will ask you what to do:
</p><pre class="screen">The following packages are BROKEN:
libsdl1.2debian
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libsdl1.2debian-alsa
.
.
.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
libsdl1.2debian-all [1.2.12-1 (unstable)]
Score is 41
<code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code></pre><p>
Typing <strong class="userinput"><code>y</code></strong> (or simply pressing
<span class="keycap"><strong>enter</strong></span>) will accept the proposed solution.
Typing <strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong> will display the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">next
best</span>”</span> solution:
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong>
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
libsdl1.2debian-esd [1.2.12-1 (unstable)]
Score is 19
<code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code></pre><p>
As with the main command-line prompt, you can perform a number
of additional actions, including manually altering the states
of packages, from the dependency resolution prompt. Type
<strong class="userinput"><code>?</code></strong> to see a complete list.
</p><p>
Typing <strong class="userinput"><code>q</code></strong> will abort the automatic
resolver and allow you to resolve the dependencies manually:
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>q</code></strong>
aptitude failed to find a solution to these dependencies. You can solve them yourself by hand or type 'n' to quit.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libsdl1.2debian: Depends: libsdl1.2debian-alsa (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-all (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-esd (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-arts (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-oss (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-nas (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable
Resolve these dependencies by hand? [N/+/-/_/:/?]</pre><p>
You can use any of the package manipulation commands to
resolve the broken dependencies (type <strong class="userinput"><code>?</code></strong>
for a full list of the available commands). Type
<strong class="userinput"><code>n</code></strong> or press <span class="keycap"><strong>enter</strong></span> to
quit <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>:
</p><pre class="screen">Resolve these dependencies by hand? [N/+/-/_/:/?] n
Abort.</pre><p>
For complete documentation of the command-line features of
<span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>, see <a class="xref" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference">Command-line reference</a>.
</p><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr style="width:100; text-align:left;margin-left: 0" /><div id="ftn.idm623" class="footnote"><p><a href="#idm623" class="para"><sup class="para">[4] </sup></a>A
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">switch</span>”</span> is a letter preceded by a hyphen: for instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">-a</span>”</span>,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">-v</span>”</span>, etc.</p></div><div id="ftn.idm675" class="footnote"><p><a href="#idm675" class="para"><sup class="para">[5] </sup></a>Purging a package removes the
package, as well as all its configuration
files.</p></div><div id="ftn.idm692" class="footnote"><p><a href="#idm692" class="para"><sup class="para">[6] </sup></a>
In fact, the same is true of the commands that take
packages as arguments, such as
<code class="literal">install</code> or
<code class="literal">show</code>.
</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01s05.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch01.html"><img src="images/up.gif" alt="Up" /></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Updating the package list and installing packages </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="images/home.gif" alt="Home" /></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 2. <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> reference guide</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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