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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Modifying package states</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="aptitude.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="aptitude user's manual" /><link rel="up" href="ch02s02.html" title="Managing packages" /><link rel="prev" href="ch02s02s02.html" title="Accessing package information" /><link rel="next" href="ch02s02s04.html" title="Downloading, installing, and removing packages" /><link rel="preface" href="pr01.html" title="Introduction" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. aptitude frequently asked questions" /><link rel="chapter" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Credits" /><link rel="reference" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re01.html" title="aptitude" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re02.html" title="aptitude-create-state-bundle" /><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re03.html" title="aptitude-run-state-bundle" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Modifying package states</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s02s02.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Managing packages</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s02s04.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1665"></a>Modifying package states</h3></div></div></div><p>
The following commands are available to modify the states of
packages. Commands take effect the next time you perform an
<a class="link" href="ch02s02s04.html" title="Downloading, installing, and removing packages">install run</a>; until you
do, all of these commands can be reversed using <span class="guimenu">Undo</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Undo</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>Control</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>u</strong></span></strong></span>).
</p><p>
To apply a command to a package, simply select the package
in a package list and issue the command. These commands can
also be applied to groups of packages by selecting the group
header (for instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Upgradable Packages</span>”</span>) and issuing the
command.
</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a id="pkgCmdInstall"></a>Install: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Install</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>+</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>Flag the current package for installation.</p>
<p>
If the package is not installed, it will be
installed. If it is already installed, it will be
upgraded if possible and any sticky upgrade
prevention that is in effect (eg, Hold) will be
cancelled.
</p>
</td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><a id="pkgCmdRemove"></a>Remove: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Remove</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>-</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>Flag the currently selected package for
removal.</p>
<p>
If the package is installed, it will be removed.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td><a id="pkgCmdPurge"></a>Purge: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Purge</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>_</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>Flag the current package to be purged.</p>
<p>
If the package is installed, it will be removed.
Furthermore, even if it is removed, any remaining
files (such as configuration files) related to the
package will be removed from the system.
</p>
</td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><a id="pkgCmdKeep"></a>Keep: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Keep</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>:</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>
Flag the current package to be kept at its current
version.
</p>
<p>
Any action that was to be performed on the package
-- installation, removal, or upgrade -- is
cancelled, and any persistent hold that was set on
the package is removed.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td><a id="pkgCmdHold"></a>Hold: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Hold</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>=</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>
Set a persistent hold on the package.
</p>
<p>
As with Keep, any action that was to be performed
on the package is cancelled. In addition, the
package will not be automatically upgraded
<a href="#ftn.footAutoUpgrade" class="footnote" id="footAutoUpgrade"><sup class="footnote">[a]</sup></a>
until the hold is removed. You may cancel a hold
by issuing the Install command.
</p>
</td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><a id="pkgCmdForbid"></a><span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Forbid Version</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>F</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>
The package will not be automatically
upgraded<a href="ch02s02s03.html#ftn.footAutoUpgrade" class="footnoteref"><sup class="footnoteref">[a]</sup></a>
to the version it would currently be upgraded to.
If it was going to be upgraded, the upgrade will
be cancelled.
</p>
<p>
If you issue this command on a particular version
of a package, the package will not be upgraded to
the selected version. Note that only one version
can be forbidden at once.
</p>
<p>
This functionality is largely provided as a
convenience for users of the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">unstable</span>”</span>
distribution, so they can avoid known-bad versions
of packages.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td><a id="pkgCmdReinstall"></a>Reinstall: <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Reinstall</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>L</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
<p>Flag the current package for reinstallation.</p>
<p>
Note that the reinstallation will not be saved
when you quit <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> or perform an install run,
for technical reasons (essentially, the
underlying software layers
(<span class="command"><strong>dpkg</strong></span> and <code class="systemitem">apt</code>) do not provide
any way to find out whether a reinstallation was
successful or not).
</p>
</td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><a id="pkgCmdAuto"></a><span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Mark Auto</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>M</strong></span></strong></span>), <span class="guimenu">Package</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Mark Manual</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>m</strong></span></strong></span>)</td><td>
Sets whether the package is treated as having been
automatically installed; automatically installed
packages will be removed when no other package
requires them. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="ch02s02s06.html" title="Managing automatically installed packages">the section called “Managing automatically installed packages”</a>.
</td></tr></tbody><tbody class="footnotes"><tr><td colspan="2"><div id="ftn.footAutoUpgrade" class="footnote"><p><a href="#footAutoUpgrade" class="para"><sup class="para">[a] </sup></a>
That is, it will be unaffected by
<span class="guimenu">Actions</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Mark Upgradable</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>U</strong></span></strong></span>) or the <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#fullUpgrade"><code class="literal">full-upgrade</code></a>
or <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#safeUpgrade"><code class="literal">safe-upgrade</code></a>
command-line actions.
</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>
In addition to these commands that affect the selected
package, there are two commands that affect large numbers of
packages at once regardless of what is selected.
<span class="guimenu">Actions</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Forget new packages</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>f</strong></span></strong></span>) clears the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">new</span>”</span> status of all packages in
the package list, and <span class="guimenu">Actions</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Mark Upgradable</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>U</strong></span></strong></span>) flags every package
which can be upgraded for upgrade, except for packages that
are held back or would be upgraded to a forbidden version.
</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png" /></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
All changes to package states are saved when you quit
<span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>, update the package list, or perform an install
run. If you do not wish to save your changes, you can
always abort <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> by pressing
<span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl-C</strong></span>.
</p></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s02s02.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev" /></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02s02.html"><img src="images/up.gif" alt="Up" /></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s02s04.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next" /></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Accessing package information </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="images/home.gif" alt="Home" /></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Downloading, installing, and removing packages</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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