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<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
<a name="nie-ontology"></a>Nepomuk Information Element (NIE): Top classes in the ontology. Almost everything else is subclass of these.</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="toc"><dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="nie-ontology.html#nie-explanation">Overview</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="nie-classes.html">NIE Ontology Classes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="nie-DataObject.html">nie:DataObject</a></span><span class="refpurpose"></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="nie-DataSource.html">nie:DataSource</a></span><span class="refpurpose"></span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="nie-InformationElement.html">nie:InformationElement</a></span><span class="refpurpose"></span>
</dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></div>
<dt><span class="term">Authors:</span></dt>
<dd><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">Ludger van Elst, DFKI, <elst@dfki.uni-kl.de></li>
<li class="listitem">Michael Sintek, DFKI, <michael.sintek@dfki.de></li>
<li class="listitem">Leo Sauermann, DFKI, <leo.sauermann@dfki.de></li>
<li class="listitem">Antoni Mylka, DFKI, <antoni.mylka@dfki.de></li>
</ul></div></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Editors:</span></dt>
<dd><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">Antoni Mylka, DFKI, <antoni.mylka@dfki.de></li></ul></div></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Contributors:</span></dt>
<dd><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">Christiaan Fluit, Aduna, <christiaan.fluit@aduna-software.com></li>
<li class="listitem">Evgeny 'phreedom' Egorochkin, KDE Strigi Developer, <stexx@mail.ru></li>
</ul></div></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Upstream:</span></dt>
<dd><p><a class="ulink" href="http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie/" target="_top">Upstream version</a></p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">ChangeLog:</span></dt>
<dd><p><a class="ulink" href="http://git.gnome.org/cgit/tracker/log/src/ontologies/30-nie.ontology" target="_top">Tracker changes</a></p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Copyright:</span></dt>
<dd><p>© 2007 <a class="ulink" href="http://www.dfki.de/" target="_top">DFKI</a> © 2009 <a class="ulink" href="http://www.nokia.com/" target="_top">Nokia</a>. The ontologies are made available under the terms of NEPOMUK <a class="ulink" href="http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nfo/LICENSE.txt" target="_top">software license</a> (FIXME verify)</p></dd>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="nie-explanation"></a>Overview</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="sect2">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="nie-introduction"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>The core of the NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology and the entire
Ontology Framework revolves around the concepts of <a class="link" href="nie-DataObject.html" title="nie:DataObject">DataObject</a> and
<a class="link" href="nie-InformationElement.html" title="nie:InformationElement">InformationElement</a>. They express the representation
and content of a piece of data. Their specialized subclasses (defined
in the other ontologies) can be used to classify
a wide array of desktop resources and express them in RDF.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="nie-DataObject.html" title="nie:DataObject">nie:DataObject</a> class represents a bunch of
bytes somewhere (local or remote), the physical entity that contain
data. The <span class="emphasis"><em>meaning</em></span> (interpretation) of that entity, the
information for the user contained in those bytes (e.g. a music file,
a picture) is represented on the
<a class="link" href="nie-InformationElement.html" title="nie:InformationElement">nie:InformationElement</a> side of the
ontology.
</p>
<p>
Both sides are linked using the
property nie:interpretedAs (and its reverse
nie:isStoredAs), indicating the correspondence
between the physical element and its interpretation. There is also a
property to
link <a class="link" href="nie-InformationElement.html" title="nie:InformationElement">nie:InformationElement</a>s,
representing the logical containment between them (like a picture and
its album).
</p>
<div class="sect3">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="nie-common-properties"></a>Common properties</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Given that the classes defined in this ontology are the superclasses for almost
everything in the Nepomuk set of ontologies, the
properties defined here will be inherited for a lot of classes. It is
worth to comment few of them with special relevance:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:title</span></p></td>
<td><p>Title or name or short text describing the item</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:description</span></p></td>
<td><p>More verbose comment about the element</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:language</span></p></td>
<td><p>To specify the language of the item.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:plainTextContent</span></p></td>
<td><p>Just the raw content of the file, if it makes sense as text.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:generator</span></p></td>
<td><p>Software/Agent that set/produced the information.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:usageCounter</span></p></td>
<td><p>Count number of accesses to the information. It can be an
indicator of relevance for advanced searches</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="nie-dates-timestamps"></a>Dates and timestamps representations</h4></div></div></div>
<p>There are few important dates for the life-cycle of a resource. These dates are properties of the nie:InformationElement class, and inherited for its subclasses:</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:informationElementDate</span></p></td>
<td><p>This is an ''abstract'' property that act as superproperty of
the other dates. Don't use it directly.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:contentLastModified</span></p></td>
<td><p>Modification time of a resource. Usually the mtime of a local file, or information from the server for online resources.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:contentCreated</span></p></td>
<td><p>Creation time of the content. If the contents is created by an application, the same application should set the value of this property. Note that this property can be undefined for resources in the filesystem because the creation time is not available in the most common filesystem formats.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:contentAccessed</span></p></td>
<td><p>For resources coming from the filesystem, this is the usual access time to the file. For other kind of resources (online or virtual), the application accessing it should update its value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term">nie:lastRefreshed</span></p></td>
<td><p>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="nie-uri-representation"></a><h3>URIs and full representation of a file</h3>
<p>One of the most common resources in a desktop is a file. Given the split between Data Objects and Information Elements, some times it is not clear how a real file is represented into Nepomuk. Here are some indications:</p>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">Every file (local or remote) should generate one DataObject instance and an InformationElement instance.</li>
<li class="listitem">Even when Data Objects and Information Elements are completely different things, for efficiency reasons in Tracker we use the same URI for both of them.</li>
<li class="listitem">The URI will be an autogenerated ID, and the real location of the item (e.g. ''file://path/to/file.mp3'') is a property of the Data Object</li>
<li class="listitem">Every DataObject must have the property nie:url, that points to the location of the resource, and should be used by any program that wants to access it.</li>
<li class="listitem">There is a deprecated property in the ontology: nie:isStoredAs . We discourage its use in the code: in the best case it is a loopback to the nie:url value, but in general it can contain any value or not be set at all.</li>
</ol></div>
<p>Here comes an example, for the image file /home/user/a.jpeg:</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<urn:uuid:10293801928301293> a nmm:Photo, nfo:FileDataObject ;
# Properties as nmm:Photo
nfo:width 49 ;
nfo:height 36 ;
nmm:flash <nmm:flash-off>;
nmm:whiteBalance <nmm:white-balance-automatic> ;
nfo:equipment [ a nfo:Equipment ; nfo:make 'Nokia'; nfo:model 'N900'; nfo:equipmentSoftware 'Tracknon' ] ;
# Properties from nfo:FileDataObject
nfo:fileSize 12341234 ;
# Mandatory for any nfo:DataObject
nie:url <file:///home/ivan/test/CC-test-big.png> .
</pre>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="nie-related-information"></a><h3>Related information</h3>
<p>This explanation is just a brief extract from the
original <a class="ulink" href="http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/nie" target="_top">
Nepomuk NIE Ontology</a> web page.</p>
</div>
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