python-paramiko 2.0.0-1ubuntu1 / usr / lib / python2.7 / dist-packages / paramiko / pkey.py

# Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.

"""
Common API for all public keys.
"""

import base64
from binascii import unhexlify
import os
from hashlib import md5

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import algorithms, modes, Cipher

from paramiko import util
from paramiko.common import o600
from paramiko.py3compat import u, encodebytes, decodebytes, b
from paramiko.ssh_exception import SSHException, PasswordRequiredException


class PKey(object):
    """
    Base class for public keys.
    """

    # known encryption types for private key files:
    _CIPHER_TABLE = {
        'AES-128-CBC': {
            'cipher': algorithms.AES,
            'keysize': 16,
            'blocksize': 16,
            'mode': modes.CBC
        },
        'DES-EDE3-CBC': {
            'cipher': algorithms.TripleDES,
            'keysize': 24,
            'blocksize': 8,
            'mode': modes.CBC
        },
    }

    def __init__(self, msg=None, data=None):
        """
        Create a new instance of this public key type.  If ``msg`` is given,
        the key's public part(s) will be filled in from the message.  If
        ``data`` is given, the key's public part(s) will be filled in from
        the string.

        :param .Message msg:
            an optional SSH `.Message` containing a public key of this type.
        :param str data: an optional string containing a public key of this type

        :raises SSHException:
            if a key cannot be created from the ``data`` or ``msg`` given, or
            no key was passed in.
        """
        pass

    def asbytes(self):
        """
        Return a string of an SSH `.Message` made up of the public part(s) of
        this key.  This string is suitable for passing to `__init__` to
        re-create the key object later.
        """
        return bytes()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.asbytes()

    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
    def __cmp__(self, other):
        """
        Compare this key to another.  Returns 0 if this key is equivalent to
        the given key, or non-0 if they are different.  Only the public parts
        of the key are compared, so a public key will compare equal to its
        corresponding private key.

        :param .Pkey other: key to compare to.
        """
        hs = hash(self)
        ho = hash(other)
        if hs != ho:
            return cmp(hs, ho)
        return cmp(self.asbytes(), other.asbytes())

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return hash(self) == hash(other)

    def get_name(self):
        """
        Return the name of this private key implementation.

        :return:
            name of this private key type, in SSH terminology, as a `str` (for
            example, ``"ssh-rsa"``).
        """
        return ''

    def get_bits(self):
        """
        Return the number of significant bits in this key.  This is useful
        for judging the relative security of a key.

        :return: bits in the key (as an `int`)
        """
        return 0

    def can_sign(self):
        """
        Return ``True`` if this key has the private part necessary for signing
        data.
        """
        return False

    def get_fingerprint(self):
        """
        Return an MD5 fingerprint of the public part of this key.  Nothing
        secret is revealed.

        :return:
            a 16-byte `string <str>` (binary) of the MD5 fingerprint, in SSH
            format.
        """
        return md5(self.asbytes()).digest()

    def get_base64(self):
        """
        Return a base64 string containing the public part of this key.  Nothing
        secret is revealed.  This format is compatible with that used to store
        public key files or recognized host keys.

        :return: a base64 `string <str>` containing the public part of the key.
        """
        return u(encodebytes(self.asbytes())).replace('\n', '')

    def sign_ssh_data(self, data):
        """
        Sign a blob of data with this private key, and return a `.Message`
        representing an SSH signature message.

        :param str data: the data to sign.
        :return: an SSH signature `message <.Message>`.
        """
        return bytes()

    def verify_ssh_sig(self, data, msg):
        """
        Given a blob of data, and an SSH message representing a signature of
        that data, verify that it was signed with this key.

        :param str data: the data that was signed.
        :param .Message msg: an SSH signature message
        :return:
            ``True`` if the signature verifies correctly; ``False`` otherwise.
        """
        return False

    @classmethod
    def from_private_key_file(cls, filename, password=None):
        """
        Create a key object by reading a private key file.  If the private
        key is encrypted and ``password`` is not ``None``, the given password
        will be used to decrypt the key (otherwise `.PasswordRequiredException`
        is thrown).  Through the magic of Python, this factory method will
        exist in all subclasses of PKey (such as `.RSAKey` or `.DSSKey`), but
        is useless on the abstract PKey class.

        :param str filename: name of the file to read
        :param str password:
            an optional password to use to decrypt the key file, if it's
            encrypted
        :return: a new `.PKey` based on the given private key

        :raises IOError: if there was an error reading the file
        :raises PasswordRequiredException: if the private key file is
            encrypted, and ``password`` is ``None``
        :raises SSHException: if the key file is invalid
        """
        key = cls(filename=filename, password=password)
        return key

    @classmethod
    def from_private_key(cls, file_obj, password=None):
        """
        Create a key object by reading a private key from a file (or file-like)
        object.  If the private key is encrypted and ``password`` is not
        ``None``, the given password will be used to decrypt the key (otherwise
        `.PasswordRequiredException` is thrown).

        :param file_obj: the file-like object to read from
        :param str password:
            an optional password to use to decrypt the key, if it's encrypted
        :return: a new `.PKey` based on the given private key

        :raises IOError: if there was an error reading the key
        :raises PasswordRequiredException:
            if the private key file is encrypted, and ``password`` is ``None``
        :raises SSHException: if the key file is invalid
        """
        key = cls(file_obj=file_obj, password=password)
        return key

    def write_private_key_file(self, filename, password=None):
        """
        Write private key contents into a file.  If the password is not
        ``None``, the key is encrypted before writing.

        :param str filename: name of the file to write
        :param str password:
            an optional password to use to encrypt the key file

        :raises IOError: if there was an error writing the file
        :raises SSHException: if the key is invalid
        """
        raise Exception('Not implemented in PKey')

    def write_private_key(self, file_obj, password=None):
        """
        Write private key contents into a file (or file-like) object.  If the
        password is not ``None``, the key is encrypted before writing.

        :param file_obj: the file-like object to write into
        :param str password: an optional password to use to encrypt the key

        :raises IOError: if there was an error writing to the file
        :raises SSHException: if the key is invalid
        """
        raise Exception('Not implemented in PKey')

    def _read_private_key_file(self, tag, filename, password=None):
        """
        Read an SSH2-format private key file, looking for a string of the type
        ``"BEGIN xxx PRIVATE KEY"`` for some ``xxx``, base64-decode the text we
        find, and return it as a string.  If the private key is encrypted and
        ``password`` is not ``None``, the given password will be used to decrypt
        the key (otherwise `.PasswordRequiredException` is thrown).

        :param str tag: ``"RSA"`` or ``"DSA"``, the tag used to mark the data block.
        :param str filename: name of the file to read.
        :param str password:
            an optional password to use to decrypt the key file, if it's
            encrypted.
        :return: data blob (`str`) that makes up the private key.

        :raises IOError: if there was an error reading the file.
        :raises PasswordRequiredException: if the private key file is
            encrypted, and ``password`` is ``None``.
        :raises SSHException: if the key file is invalid.
        """
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            data = self._read_private_key(tag, f, password)
        return data

    def _read_private_key(self, tag, f, password=None):
        lines = f.readlines()
        start = 0
        while (start < len(lines)) and (lines[start].strip() != '-----BEGIN ' + tag + ' PRIVATE KEY-----'):
            start += 1
        if start >= len(lines):
            raise SSHException('not a valid ' + tag + ' private key file')
        # parse any headers first
        headers = {}
        start += 1
        while start < len(lines):
            l = lines[start].split(': ')
            if len(l) == 1:
                break
            headers[l[0].lower()] = l[1].strip()
            start += 1
        # find end
        end = start
        while end < len(lines) and lines[end].strip() != '-----END ' + tag + ' PRIVATE KEY-----':
            end += 1
        # if we trudged to the end of the file, just try to cope.
        try:
            data = decodebytes(b(''.join(lines[start:end])))
        except base64.binascii.Error as e:
            raise SSHException('base64 decoding error: ' + str(e))
        if 'proc-type' not in headers:
            # unencryped: done
            return data
        # encrypted keyfile: will need a password
        if headers['proc-type'] != '4,ENCRYPTED':
            raise SSHException('Unknown private key structure "%s"' % headers['proc-type'])
        try:
            encryption_type, saltstr = headers['dek-info'].split(',')
        except:
            raise SSHException("Can't parse DEK-info in private key file")
        if encryption_type not in self._CIPHER_TABLE:
            raise SSHException('Unknown private key cipher "%s"' % encryption_type)
        # if no password was passed in, raise an exception pointing out that we need one
        if password is None:
            raise PasswordRequiredException('Private key file is encrypted')
        cipher = self._CIPHER_TABLE[encryption_type]['cipher']
        keysize = self._CIPHER_TABLE[encryption_type]['keysize']
        mode = self._CIPHER_TABLE[encryption_type]['mode']
        salt = unhexlify(b(saltstr))
        key = util.generate_key_bytes(md5, salt, password, keysize)
        decryptor = Cipher(
            cipher(key), mode(salt), backend=default_backend()
        ).decryptor()
        return decryptor.update(data) + decryptor.finalize()

    def _write_private_key_file(self, filename, key, format, password=None):
        """
        Write an SSH2-format private key file in a form that can be read by
        paramiko or openssh.  If no password is given, the key is written in
        a trivially-encoded format (base64) which is completely insecure.  If
        a password is given, DES-EDE3-CBC is used.

        :param str tag:
            ``"RSA"`` or ``"DSA"``, the tag used to mark the data block.
        :param filename: name of the file to write.
        :param str data: data blob that makes up the private key.
        :param str password: an optional password to use to encrypt the file.

        :raises IOError: if there was an error writing the file.
        """
        with open(filename, 'w', o600) as f:
            # grrr... the mode doesn't always take hold
            os.chmod(filename, o600)
            self._write_private_key(f, key, format)

    def _write_private_key(self, f, key, format, password=None):
        if password is None:
            encryption = serialization.NoEncryption()
        else:
            encryption = serialization.BestEncryption(password)

        f.write(key.private_bytes(
            serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format,
            encryption
        ).decode())