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<div class="section" id="using-measurements">
<span id="measurement"></span><h1>Using Measurements<a class="headerlink" href="#using-measurements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Measurements are the combination of two quantities: the mean value and the error (or uncertainty). The easiest ways to generate a measurement object is from a quantity using the <cite>plus_minus</cite> operator.</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pint</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">UnitRegistry</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ureg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UnitRegistry</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">book_length</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">20.</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ureg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">centimeter</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plus_minus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(20.0 +/- 2.0) centimeter</span>
</pre></div>
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<p>You can inspect the mean value, the absolute error and the relative error:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">20.0 centimeter</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">2.0 centimeter</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rel</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">0.1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also create a Measurement object giving the relative error:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">book_length</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">20.</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ureg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">centimeter</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plus_minus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relative</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(20.0 +/- 2.0) centimeter</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Measurements support the same formatting codes as Quantity. For example, to pretty print a measurement with 2 decimal positions:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{:.02fP}'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">(20.00 ± 2.00) centimeter</span>
</pre></div>
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<p>Mathematical operations with Measurements, return new measurements following the <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty">Propagation of uncertainty</a> rules.</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">book_length</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(40.0 +/- 4.0) centimeter</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ureg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">centimeter</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plus_minus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">{:.02f}</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">book_length</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">(30.00 +/- 2.24) centimeter</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">only linear combinations are currently supported.</p>
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