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<div class="section" id="troubleshooting">
<h1>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this headline">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<p>The first step of troubleshooting issues in programs using PycURL is
identifying which piece of software is responsible for the misbehavior.
PycURL is a thin wrapper around libcurl; libcurl performs most of the
network operations and transfer-related issues are generally the domain
of libcurl.</p>
<p>If your issue is transfer-related (timeout, connection failure, transfer
failure, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">perform</span></code> hangs, etc.) the first step in troubleshooting is
setting the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VERBOSE</span></code> flag for the operation. libcurl will then output
debugging information as the transfer executes:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pycurl</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">curl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pycurl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Curl</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VERBOSE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https://www.python.org'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">WRITEDATA</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'/dev/null'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">curl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">perform</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">* Hostname www.python.org was found in DNS cache</span>
<span class="go">* Trying 151.101.208.223...</span>
<span class="go">* TCP_NODELAY set</span>
<span class="go">* Connected to www.python.org (151.101.208.223) port 443 (#1)</span>
<span class="go">* found 173 certificates in /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt</span>
<span class="go">* found 696 certificates in /etc/ssl/certs</span>
<span class="go">* ALPN, offering http/1.1</span>
<span class="go">* SSL re-using session ID</span>
<span class="go">* SSL connection using TLS1.2 / ECDHE_RSA_AES_128_GCM_SHA256</span>
<span class="go">* server certificate verification OK</span>
<span class="go">* server certificate status verification SKIPPED</span>
<span class="go">* common name: www.python.org (matched)</span>
<span class="go">* server certificate expiration date OK</span>
<span class="go">* server certificate activation date OK</span>
<span class="go">* certificate public key: RSA</span>
<span class="go">* certificate version: #3</span>
<span class="go">* subject:</span>
<span class="go">* start date: Sat, 17 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT</span>
<span class="go">* expire date: Thu, 27 Sep 2018 12:00:00 GMT</span>
<span class="go">* issuer: C=US,O=DigiCert Inc,OU=www.digicert.com,CN=DigiCert SHA2 Extended Validation Server CA</span>
<span class="go">* compression: NULL</span>
<span class="go">* ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1</span>
<span class="go">> GET / HTTP/1.1</span>
<span class="go">Host: www.python.org</span>
<span class="go">User-Agent: PycURL/7.43.0.1 libcurl/7.52.1 GnuTLS/3.5.8 zlib/1.2.8 libidn2/0.16 libpsl/0.17.0 (+libidn2/0.16) libssh2/1.7.0 nghttp2/1.18.1 librtmp/2.3</span>
<span class="go">Accept: */*</span>
<span class="go">< HTTP/1.1 200 OK</span>
<span class="go">< Server: nginx</span>
<span class="go">< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span>
<span class="go">< X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN</span>
<span class="go">< x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block</span>
<span class="go">< X-Clacks-Overhead: GNU Terry Pratchett</span>
<span class="go">< Via: 1.1 varnish</span>
<span class="go">< Fastly-Debug-Digest: a63ab819df3b185a89db37a59e39f0dd85cf8ee71f54bbb42fae41670ae56fd2</span>
<span class="go">< Content-Length: 48893</span>
<span class="go">< Accept-Ranges: bytes</span>
<span class="go">< Date: Thu, 07 Dec 2017 07:28:32 GMT</span>
<span class="go">< Via: 1.1 varnish</span>
<span class="go">< Age: 2497</span>
<span class="go">< Connection: keep-alive</span>
<span class="go">< X-Served-By: cache-iad2146-IAD, cache-ewr18146-EWR</span>
<span class="go">< X-Cache: HIT, HIT</span>
<span class="go">< X-Cache-Hits: 2, 2</span>
<span class="go">< X-Timer: S1512631712.274059,VS0,VE0</span>
<span class="go">< Vary: Cookie</span>
<span class="go">< Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains</span>
<span class="go"><</span>
<span class="go">* Curl_http_done: called premature == 0</span>
<span class="go">* Connection #1 to host www.python.org left intact</span>
<span class="go">>>></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The verbose output in the above example includes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>DNS resolution</li>
<li>SSL connection</li>
<li>SSL certificate verification</li>
<li>Headers sent to the server</li>
<li>Headers received from the server</li>
</ul>
<p>If the verbose output indicates something you believe is incorrect,
the next step is to perform an identical transfer using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">curl</span></code> command-line
utility and verify that the behavior is PycURL-specific, as in most cases
it is not. This is also a good time to check the behavior of the latest
version of libcurl.</p>
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