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<H1>Vim documentation: mlang</H1>
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*<A NAME="mlang.txt"></A><B>mlang.txt</B>* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Mar 04
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by <A HREF="intro.html#Bram">Bram</A> <A HREF="intro.html#Moolenaar">Moolenaar</A>
Multi-language features *<A NAME="multilang"></A><B>multilang</B>* *<A NAME="multi-lang"></A><B>multi-lang</B>*
This is about using <A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A> and <A HREF="gui.html#menus">menus</A> in various languages. For editing
<A HREF="mbyte.html#multi-byte">multi-byte</A> text see |<A HREF="mbyte.html#multibyte">multibyte</A>|.
The basics are explained in the user manual: |<A HREF="usr_45.html">usr_45.txt</A>|.
1. Messages |<A HREF="#multilang-messages">multilang-messages</A>|
2. Menus |<A HREF="#multilang-menus">multilang-menus</A>|
3. Scripts |<A HREF="#multilang-scripts">multilang-scripts</A>|
Also see |<A HREF="helphelp.html#help-translated">help-translated</A>| for multi-language help.
{Vi does not have any of these features}
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+multi_lang">+multi_lang</A>| feature}
==============================================================================
1. Messages *<A NAME="multilang-messages"></A><B>multilang-messages</B>*
Vim picks up the <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> from the environment. In most cases this means Vim
will use the language that you prefer, unless it's not available.
To see a <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> of supported <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> names on your system, look in one of these
directories (for Unix):
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> /usr/lib/locale </FONT></B>
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> /usr/share/locale </FONT></B>
Unfortunately, upper/lowercase differences matter. Also watch out for the
use of "<A HREF="motion.html#-">-</A>" and "<A HREF="motion.html#_">_</A>".
*<A NAME=":lan"></A><B>:lan</B>* *<A NAME=":lang"></A><B>:lang</B>* *<A NAME=":language"></A><B>:language</B>* *<A NAME="E197"></A><B>E197</B>*
:lan[guage]
:lan[guage] mes[sages]
:lan[guage] cty[pe]
:lan[guage] tim[e]
Print the current language (aka <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A>).
With the "<A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A>" argument the language used for
<A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A> is printed. Technical: LC_MESSAGES.
With the "ctype" argument the language used for
character encoding is printed. Technical: LC_CTYPE.
With the "time" argument the language used for
<A HREF="eval.html#strftime()">strftime()</A> is printed. Technical: LC_TIME.
Without argument all parts of the <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> are printed
(this is system dependent).
The current language can also be obtained with the
|<A HREF="eval.html#v:lang">v:lang</A>|, |<A HREF="eval.html#v:ctype">v:ctype</A>| and |<A HREF="eval.html#v:lc_time">v:lc_time</A>| <A HREF="eval.html#variables">variables</A>.
:lan[guage] {name}
:lan[guage] mes[sages] {name}
:lan[guage] cty[pe] {name}
:lan[guage] tim[e] {name}
Set the current language (aka <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A>) to {name}.
The <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> {name} must be a valid <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> on your
system. Some systems accept aliases like "en" or
"en_US", but some only accept the full specification
like "en_US.ISO_8859-1". On <A HREF="os_unix.html#Unix">Unix</A> systems you can use
this command to see what locales are supported:
<B> :!locale -a</B>
With the "<A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A>" argument the language used for
<A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A> is set. This can be different when you want,
for example, English <A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A> while editing <A HREF="mbyte.html#Japanese">Japanese</A>
text. This sets $LC_MESSAGES.
With the "ctype" argument the language used for
character encoding is set. This affects the libraries
that Vim was linked with. It's unusual to set this to
a different value from <A HREF="options.html#'encoding'">'encoding'</A> or "<A HREF="change.html#C">C</A>". This sets
$LC_CTYPE.
With the "time" argument the language used for time
and date <A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A> is set. This affects <A HREF="eval.html#strftime()">strftime()</A>.
This sets $LC_TIME.
Without an argument both are set, and additionally
$LANG is set.
When compiled with the |<A HREF="various.html#+float">+float</A>| feature the LC_NUMERIC
value will always be set to "<A HREF="change.html#C">C</A>", so that floating
point numbers use '<A HREF="repeat.html#.">.</A>' <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> the decimal point.
This will make a difference for items that depend on
the language (some <A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A>, time and date format).
Not fully supported on all systems
If this fails there will be an error message. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>
succeeds there is no message. Example:
<B> :language</B>
<B> Current language: C</B>
<B> :language de_DE.ISO_8859-1</B>
<B> :language mes</B>
<B> Current messages language: de_DE.ISO_8859-1</B>
<B> :lang mes en</B>
MS-WINDOWS MESSAGE TRANSLATIONS *<A NAME="win32-gettext"></A><B>win32-gettext</B>*
If you used the self-installing .exe file, message translations should work
already. Otherwise get the libintl.dll file if you don't have <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> yet:
<A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gettext">http://sourceforge.net/projects/gettext</A>
Or:
https://mlocati.github.io/gettext-iconv-windows/
This also contains tools xgettext, msgformat and others.
libintl.dll should be placed in same directory with (g)vim.exe, or some
place where PATH environment value describe. Vim also finds libintl-8.dll.
Message files (vim.mo) have to be placed in "$VIMRUNTIME/lang/xx/LC_MESSAGES",
where "xx" is the abbreviation of the language (mostly two letters).
If you write your own translations you need to generate the .po file and
convert <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> to a .mo file. You need to get the source <A HREF="intro.html#distribution">distribution</A> and read
the file "src/po/README.txt".
To overrule the automatic choice of the language, set the $LANG variable to
the language of your choice. use "en" to disable translations.
<B> :let $LANG = 'ja'</B>
(text for Windows by Muraoka Taro)
==============================================================================
2. Menus *<A NAME="multilang-menus"></A><B>multilang-menus</B>*
See |<A HREF="usr_45.html#45.2">45.2</A>| for the basics, esp. using <A HREF="options.html#'langmenu'">'langmenu'</A>.
Note that if changes have been made to the <A HREF="gui.html#menus">menus</A> after the translation was
done, some of the <A HREF="gui.html#menus">menus</A> may be shown in English. Please try contacting the
maintainer of the translation and ask him to update <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>. You can find the
name and e-mail address of the translator in
"$VIMRUNTIME/lang/menu_<lang>.vim".
To set the font (or <A HREF="mbyte.html#fontset">fontset</A>) to use for the <A HREF="gui.html#menus">menus</A>, use the |<A HREF="syntax.html#:highlight">:highlight</A>|
command. Example:
<B> :highlight Menu font=k12,r12</B>
ALIAS LOCALE NAMES
Unfortunately, the <A HREF="mbyte.html#locale">locale</A> names are different on various systems, even though
they are for the same language and encoding. If you <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> not get the menu
translations you expected, check the output of this command:
<B> echo v:lang</B>
Now check the "$VIMRUNTIME/lang" directory for menu translation files that use
a similar language. A difference in a "<A HREF="motion.html#-">-</A>" being a "<A HREF="motion.html#_">_</A>" already causes a file
not to be found! Another common difference to watch out for is "iso8859-1"
versus "iso_8859-1". Fortunately Vim makes all names <A HREF="change.html#lowercase">lowercase</A>, thus you
don't have to worry about <A HREF="change.html#case">case</A> differences. Spaces are changed to
underscores, to avoid having to <A HREF="intro.html#escape">escape</A> them.
If you find a menu translation file for your language with a different name,
create a file in your own runtime directory to load that one. The name of
that file could be:
<B> ~/.vim/lang/menu_<v:lang>.vim</B>
Check the <A HREF="options.html#'runtimepath'">'runtimepath'</A> option for directories which are searched. In that
file put a command to load the menu file with the other name:
<B> runtime lang/menu_<other_lang>.vim</B>
TRANSLATING MENUS
If you want to <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> your own translations, you can use the |<A HREF="#:menutrans">:menutrans</A>| command,
explained below. It is recommended to put the translations for one language
in a Vim <A HREF="usr_41.html#script">script</A>. For a language that has no translation yet, please consider
becoming the maintainer and make your translations available to all Vim users.
Send an e-mail to the Vim maintainer <A HREF="mailto:maintainer@vim.org"><maintainer@vim.org></A>.
*<A NAME=":menut"></A><B>:menut</B>* *<A NAME=":menutrans"></A><B>:menutrans</B>* *<A NAME=":menutranslate"></A><B>:menutranslate</B>*
:menut[ranslate] clear
Clear all menu translations.
:menut[ranslate] {english} {mylang}
Translate menu name {english} to {mylang}. All
special characters like "<A HREF="change.html#&">&</A>" and "<A HREF="motion.html#<Tab>"><Tab></A>" need to be
included. Spaces and dots need to be escaped with a
<A HREF="intro.html#backslash">backslash</A>, just like in other |<A HREF="gui.html#:menu">:menu</A>| commands.
Case in {english} is ignored.
See the $VIMRUNTIME/lang directory for examples.
To try out your translations you first have to remove all <A HREF="gui.html#menus">menus</A>. This is how
you can <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> without restarting Vim:
<B> :source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim</B>
<B> :source <your-new-menu-file></B>
<B> :source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim</B>
Each part of a menu path is translated separately. The result is that when
"Help" is translated to "Hilfe" and "Overview" to "Überblick" then
"Help.Overview" will be translated to "Hilfe.Überblick".
==============================================================================
3. Scripts *<A NAME="multilang-scripts"></A><B>multilang-scripts</B>*
In Vim scripts you can use the |<A HREF="eval.html#v:lang">v:lang</A>| variable to get the current language
(locale). The default value is "<A HREF="change.html#C">C</A>" or comes from the $LANG environment
variable.
The following example shows how this variable is used in a simple way, to make
a message adapt to language preferences of the user,
<B> :if v:lang =~ "de_DE"</B>
<B> : echo "Guten Morgen"</B>
<B> :else</B>
<B> : echo "Good morning"</B>
<B> :endif</B>
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