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<H1>Vim documentation: windows</H1>
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*<A NAME="windows.txt"></A><B>windows.txt</B>* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2017 Sep 25
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by <A HREF="intro.html#Bram">Bram</A> <A HREF="intro.html#Moolenaar">Moolenaar</A>
Editing with multiple <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> and <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. *<A NAME="windows"></A><B>windows</B>* *<A NAME="buffers"></A><B>buffers</B>*
The commands which have been added to use multiple <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> and <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are
explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work
differently when used in combination with more than one <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
The basics are explained in chapter 7 and 8 of the user manual |<A HREF="usr_07.html">usr_07.txt</A>|
|<A HREF="usr_08.html">usr_08.txt</A>|.
1. Introduction |<A HREF="#windows-intro">windows-intro</A>|
2. Starting Vim |<A HREF="#windows-starting">windows-starting</A>|
3. Opening and closing a window |<A HREF="#opening-window">opening-window</A>|
4. Moving cursor to other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> |<A HREF="#window-move-cursor">window-move-cursor</A>|
5. Moving <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> around |<A HREF="#window-moving">window-moving</A>|
6. Window resizing |<A HREF="#window-resize">window-resize</A>|
7. Argument and buffer list commands |<A HREF="#buffer-list">buffer-list</A>|
8. Do a command in all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> or <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> |<A HREF="#list-repeat">list-repeat</A>|
9. Tag or file name under the cursor |<A HREF="#window-tag">window-tag</A>|
10. The preview window |<A HREF="#preview-window">preview-window</A>|
11. Using hidden <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> |<A HREF="#buffer-hidden">buffer-hidden</A>|
12. <A HREF="eval.html#Special">Special</A> kinds of buffers |<A HREF="#special-buffers">special-buffers</A>|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
{not able to use multiple windows when the |<A HREF="various.html#+windows">+windows</A>| feature was disabled at
compile time}
{not able to use vertically split <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> when the |<A HREF="various.html#+vertsplit">+vertsplit</A>| feature was
disabled at compile time}
==============================================================================
1. Introduction *<A NAME="windows-intro"></A><B>windows-intro</B>* *<A NAME="window"></A><B>window</B>*
Summary:
A buffer is the in-memory text of a file.
A <A HREF="#window">window</A> is a viewport on a buffer.
A <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page is a collection of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>.
A <A HREF="#window">window</A> is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> on one
buffer, or several <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> on different <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>.
A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains
unchanged until you write the buffer to the file.
A buffer can be in one of three states:
*<A NAME="active-buffer"></A><B>active-buffer</B>*
active: The buffer is displayed in a <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If there is a file for this
buffer, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been
modified since then and thus be different from the file.
*<A NAME="hidden-buffer"></A><B>hidden-buffer</B>*
hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>
has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> an active
buffer, you just can't see <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>.
*<A NAME="inactive-buffer"></A><B>inactive-buffer</B>*
inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options
for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can
contain marks from the |<A HREF="starting.html#viminfo">viminfo</A>| file. But the buffer doesn't
contain text.
In a table:
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE">state displayed loaded ":buffers" </FONT></B>
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> in window shows </FONT></B>
active yes yes '<A HREF="insert.html#a">a</A>'
hidden no yes '<A HREF="motion.html#h">h</A>'
inactive no no '' ''
Note: All <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> commands can also be executed with |<A HREF="#:wincmd">:wincmd</A>|, for those
places where a <A HREF="intro.html#Normal">Normal</A> mode command can't be used or is inconvenient.
The main Vim <A HREF="#window">window</A> can hold several split <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>. There are also <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> pages
|<A HREF="tabpage.html#tab-page">tab-page</A>|, each of which can hold multiple <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>.
*<A NAME="window-ID"></A><B>window-ID</B>* *<A NAME="winid"></A><B>winid</B>* *<A NAME="windowid"></A><B>windowid</B>*
Each <A HREF="#window">window</A> has a unique identifier called the <A HREF="#window">window</A> ID. This identifier
will not change within a Vim session. The |<A HREF="eval.html#win_getid()">win_getid()</A>| and |<A HREF="eval.html#win_id2tabwin()">win_id2tabwin()</A>|
<A HREF="eval.html#functions">functions</A> can be used to convert between the window/tab number and the
identifier. There is also the <A HREF="#window">window</A> number, which may change whenever
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are opened or closed, see |<A HREF="eval.html#winnr()">winnr()</A>|.
Each buffer has a unique number and the number will not change within a Vim
session. The |<A HREF="eval.html#bufnr()">bufnr()</A>| and |<A HREF="eval.html#bufname()">bufname()</A>| <A HREF="eval.html#functions">functions</A> can be used to convert
between a buffer name and the buffer number.
==============================================================================
2. Starting Vim *<A NAME="windows-starting"></A><B>windows-starting</B>*
By default, Vim starts with one <A HREF="#window">window</A>, just like <A HREF="intro.html#Vi">Vi</A>.
The "<A HREF="starting.html#-o">-o</A>" and "<A HREF="starting.html#-O">-O</A>" arguments to Vim can be used to open a <A HREF="#window">window</A> for each file
in the argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. The "<A HREF="starting.html#-o">-o</A>" argument will split the <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> horizontally;
the "<A HREF="starting.html#-O">-O</A>" argument will split the <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> vertically. If both "<A HREF="starting.html#-o">-o</A>" and "<A HREF="starting.html#-O">-O</A>"
are given, the last one encountered will be used to determine the split
orientation. For example, this will open three <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>, split horizontally:
<B> vim -o file1 file2 file3</B>
"-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> split horizontally. If
there are more file names than <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>, only N <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are opened and some
files <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> not get a <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If there are more <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> than file names, the
last few <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> will be editing empty <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. Similarly, "-ON" opens N
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> split vertically, with the same restrictions.
If there are many file names, the <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> will become very small. You might
want to set the <A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A> and/or <A HREF="options.html#'winwidth'">'winwidth'</A> <A HREF="options.html#options">options</A> to create a workable
situation.
Buf/Win Enter/Leave |<A HREF="autocmd.html#autocommand">autocommand</A>|<A HREF="change.html#s">s</A> are not executed when opening the new
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered.
*<A NAME="status-line"></A><B>status-line</B>*
A status line will be used to separate <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>. The <A HREF="options.html#'laststatus'">'laststatus'</A> option tells
when the last <A HREF="#window">window</A> also has a status line:
<A HREF="options.html#'laststatus'">'laststatus'</A> = 0 never a status line
<A HREF="options.html#'laststatus'">'laststatus'</A> = 1 status line if there is more than one <A HREF="#window">window</A>
<A HREF="options.html#'laststatus'">'laststatus'</A> = 2 always a status line
You can change the contents of the status line with the <A HREF="options.html#'statusline'">'statusline'</A> option.
This option can be local to the <A HREF="#window">window</A>, so that you can have a different
status line in each <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed
with the '<A HREF="change.html#s">s</A>' character in the <A HREF="options.html#'highlight'">'highlight'</A> option. For example, "sb" sets <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> to
<A HREF="syntax.html#bold">bold</A> characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the
'<A HREF="motion.html#^">^</A>' character is used for the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>, and '<A HREF="change.html#=">=</A>' for other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>. If
the mouse is supported and enabled with the <A HREF="options.html#'mouse'">'mouse'</A> option, a status line can
be dragged to resize <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>.
Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> isn't,
check if the <A HREF="options.html#'highlight'">'highlight'</A> option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to
invert the status line. Now <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> should be "sr", reverse the status line, <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A>
"si" now stands for <A HREF="syntax.html#italic">italic</A>! If <A HREF="syntax.html#italic">italic</A> is not available on your <A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A>, the
status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals
that have <A HREF="term.html#termcap">termcap</A> codes for italics.
==============================================================================
3. Opening and closing a <A HREF="#window">window</A> *<A NAME="opening-window"></A><B>opening-window</B>* *<A NAME="E36"></A><B>E36</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#s">s</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_s"></A><B>CTRL-W_s</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#S">S</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_S"></A><B>CTRL-W_S</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> CTRL-S *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-S"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-S</B>*
:[N]sp[lit] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [file] *<A NAME=":sp"></A><B>:sp</B>* *<A NAME=":split"></A><B>:split</B>*
Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. The result is two viewports on
the same file.
Make the new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high (default is to use half the height
of the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>). Reduces the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height to
create room (and others, if the <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> option is set,
<A HREF="options.html#'eadirection'">'eadirection'</A> isn't "hor", and one of them is higher than the
current or the new <A HREF="#window">window</A>).
If [file] is given <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will be edited in the new <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>
is not loaded in any buffer, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will be read. Else the new
<A HREF="#window">window</A> will use the already loaded buffer.
Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block
further input, use <A HREF="gui_w32.html#CTRL-Q">CTRL-Q</A> to get going again.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="visual.html#CTRL-V">CTRL-V</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-V"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-V</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="visual.html#v">v</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_v"></A><B>CTRL-W_v</B>*
:[N]vs[plit] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [file] *<A NAME=":vs"></A><B>:vs</B>* *<A NAME=":vsplit"></A><B>:vsplit</B>*
Like |<A HREF="#:split">:split</A>|, but split vertically. The <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> will be
spread out horizontally if
1. a width was not specified,
2. <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> is set,
3. <A HREF="options.html#'eadirection'">'eadirection'</A> isn't "ver", and
4. one of the other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> is wider than the current or new
<A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Note: In other places <A HREF="gui_w32.html#CTRL-Q">CTRL-Q</A> does the same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> <A HREF="visual.html#CTRL-V">CTRL-V</A>, but here
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> doesn't!
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="pattern.html#n">n</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_n"></A><B>CTRL-W_n</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> CTRL_N *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-N"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-N</B>*
:[N]new <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":new"></A><B>:new</B>*
Create a new <A HREF="#window">window</A> and start editing an empty file in <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>.
Make new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high (default is to use half the existing
height). Reduces the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height to create room (and
others, if the <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> option is set and <A HREF="options.html#'eadirection'">'eadirection'</A>
isn't "hor").
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
If <A HREF="options.html#'fileformats'">'fileformats'</A> is not empty, the first format given will be
used for the new buffer. If <A HREF="options.html#'fileformats'">'fileformats'</A> is empty, the
<A HREF="options.html#'fileformat'">'fileformat'</A> of the current buffer is used. This can be
overridden with the |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| argument.
Autocommands are executed in this order:
1. <A HREF="autocmd.html#WinLeave">WinLeave</A> for the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>
2. <A HREF="autocmd.html#WinEnter">WinEnter</A> for the new <A HREF="#window">window</A>
3. <A HREF="autocmd.html#BufLeave">BufLeave</A> for the current buffer
4. <A HREF="autocmd.html#BufEnter">BufEnter</A> for the new buffer
This behaves like a "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A>" first, and then an "<A HREF="editing.html#:enew">:enew</A>"
command.
:[N]vne[w] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [file] *<A NAME=":vne"></A><B>:vne</B>* *<A NAME=":vnew"></A><B>:vnew</B>*
Like |<A HREF="#:new">:new</A>|, but split vertically. If <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> is set
and <A HREF="options.html#'eadirection'">'eadirection'</A> isn't "ver" the <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> will be spread out
horizontally, unless a width was specified.
:[N]new <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A>
:[N]sp[lit] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> *<A NAME=":split_f"></A><B>:split_f</B>*
Create a new <A HREF="#window">window</A> and start editing file <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> in <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>. This
behaves like a "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A>" first, and then an "<A HREF="editing.html#:e">:e</A>" command.
If <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> is given, execute the command when the file has been
loaded |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>|.
Make new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high (default is to use half the existing
height). Reduces the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height to create room
(and others, if the <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> option is set).
:[N]sv[iew] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> *<A NAME=":sv"></A><B>:sv</B>* *<A NAME=":sview"></A><B>:sview</B>* *<A NAME="splitview"></A><B>splitview</B>*
Same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A>", but set <A HREF="options.html#'readonly'">'readonly'</A> option for this buffer.
:[N]sf[ind] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> *<A NAME=":sf"></A><B>:sf</B>* *<A NAME=":sfind"></A><B>:sfind</B>* *<A NAME="splitfind"></A><B>splitfind</B>*
Same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A>", but search for <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> in <A HREF="options.html#'path'">'path'</A> like in
|<A HREF="editing.html#:find">:find</A>|. Doesn't split if <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> is not found.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="editing.html#CTRL-^">CTRL-^</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-^"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-^</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_^"></A><B>CTRL-W_^</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> ^ Does "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> #", split <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two and edit alternate file.
When a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is given, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> becomes "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> #N", split <A HREF="#window">window</A>
and edit buffer N.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_:"></A><B>CTRL-W_:</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> : Does the same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> typing |<A HREF="cmdline.html#:">:</A>| : edit a command line. Useful in a
<A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A> <A HREF="#window">window</A>, where all Vim commands must be preceded with
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> or <A HREF="options.html#'termkey'">'termkey'</A>.
Note that the <A HREF="options.html#'splitbelow'">'splitbelow'</A> and <A HREF="options.html#'splitright'">'splitright'</A> <A HREF="options.html#options">options</A> influence where a new
<A HREF="#window">window</A> will appear.
*<A NAME=":vert"></A><B>:vert</B>* *<A NAME=":vertical"></A><B>:vertical</B>*
:vert[ical] {cmd}
Execute {cmd}. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> contains a command that splits a <A HREF="#window">window</A>,
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will be split vertically.
Doesn't work for |<A HREF="eval.html#:execute">:execute</A>| and |<A HREF="various.html#:normal">:normal</A>|.
:lefta[bove] {cmd} *<A NAME=":lefta"></A><B>:lefta</B>* *<A NAME=":leftabove"></A><B>:leftabove</B>*
:abo[veleft] {cmd} *<A NAME=":abo"></A><B>:abo</B>* *<A NAME=":aboveleft"></A><B>:aboveleft</B>*
Execute {cmd}. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> contains a command that splits a <A HREF="#window">window</A>,
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will be opened left (vertical split) or above (horizontal
split) the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. Overrules <A HREF="options.html#'splitbelow'">'splitbelow'</A> and
<A HREF="options.html#'splitright'">'splitright'</A>.
Doesn't work for |<A HREF="eval.html#:execute">:execute</A>| and |<A HREF="various.html#:normal">:normal</A>|.
:rightb[elow] {cmd} *<A NAME=":rightb"></A><B>:rightb</B>* *<A NAME=":rightbelow"></A><B>:rightbelow</B>*
:bel[owright] {cmd} *<A NAME=":bel"></A><B>:bel</B>* *<A NAME=":belowright"></A><B>:belowright</B>*
Execute {cmd}. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> contains a command that splits a <A HREF="#window">window</A>,
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will be opened right (vertical split) or below (horizontal
split) the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. Overrules <A HREF="options.html#'splitbelow'">'splitbelow'</A> and
<A HREF="options.html#'splitright'">'splitright'</A>.
Doesn't work for |<A HREF="eval.html#:execute">:execute</A>| and |<A HREF="various.html#:normal">:normal</A>|.
*<A NAME=":topleft"></A><B>:topleft</B>* *<A NAME="E442"></A><B>E442</B>*
:to[pleft] {cmd}
Execute {cmd}. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> contains a command that splits a <A HREF="#window">window</A>,
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will appear at the top and occupy the full width of the Vim
<A HREF="#window">window</A>. When the split is vertical the <A HREF="#window">window</A> appears at the
far left and occupies the full height of the Vim <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Doesn't work for |<A HREF="eval.html#:execute">:execute</A>| and |<A HREF="various.html#:normal">:normal</A>|.
*<A NAME=":bo"></A><B>:bo</B>* *<A NAME=":botright"></A><B>:botright</B>*
:bo[tright] {cmd}
Execute {cmd}. If <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> contains a command that splits a <A HREF="#window">window</A>,
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will appear at the bottom and occupy the full width of the
Vim <A HREF="#window">window</A>. When the split is vertical the <A HREF="#window">window</A> appears at
the far right and occupies the full height of the Vim <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Doesn't work for |<A HREF="eval.html#:execute">:execute</A>| and |<A HREF="various.html#:normal">:normal</A>|.
These command modifiers can be combined to make a vertically split <A HREF="#window">window</A>
occupy the full height. Example:
<B> :vertical topleft split tags</B>
Opens a vertically split, full-height <A HREF="#window">window</A> on the "<A HREF="tagsrch.html#tags">tags</A>" file at the far
left of the Vim <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Closing a <A HREF="#window">window</A>
:q[uit]
:{count}q[uit]
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="repeat.html#q">q</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_q"></A><B>CTRL-W_q</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="gui_w32.html#CTRL-Q">CTRL-Q</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-Q"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-Q</B>*
Without {count}: Quit the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If {count} is
given quit the {count} <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
When quitting the last <A HREF="#window">window</A> (not counting a help window),
exit Vim.
When <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is set, and there is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A> for the
current buffer, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> becomes hidden. When <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is not set,
and there is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A> for the current buffer, and the
buffer was changed, the command fails.
(Note: <A HREF="gui_w32.html#CTRL-Q">CTRL-Q</A> does not work on all terminals).
If <A HREF="intro.html#[count]">[count]</A> is greater than the last <A HREF="#window">window</A> number the last
<A HREF="#window">window</A> will be closed:
<B> :1quit " quit the first window</B>
<B> :$quit " quit the last window</B>
<B> :9quit " quit the last window</B>
<B> " if there are fewer than 9 windows opened</B>
<B> :-quit " quit the previous window</B>
<B> :+quit " quit the next window</B>
<B> :+2quit " quit the second next window</B>
:q[uit]!
:{count}q[uit]!
Without {count}: Quit the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If {count} is
given quit the {count} <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
If this was the last <A HREF="#window">window</A> for a buffer, any changes to that
buffer are lost. When quitting the last <A HREF="#window">window</A> (not counting
help windows), exit Vim. The contents of the buffer are lost,
even when <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is set.
:clo[se][!]
:{count}clo[se][!]
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#c">c</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_c"></A><B>CTRL-W_c</B>* *<A NAME=":clo"></A><B>:clo</B>* *<A NAME=":close"></A><B>:close</B>*
Without {count}: Close the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If {count} is
given close the {count} <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
When the <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> option is set, or when the buffer was
changed and the [!] is used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless
there is another <A HREF="#window">window</A> editing <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>).
When there is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A> in the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page and
there is another <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page, this closes the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page.
|<A HREF="tabpage.html#tab-page">tab-page</A>|.
This command fails when: *<A NAME="E444"></A><B>E444</B>*
- There is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A> on the screen.
- When <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has
changes, and there is no other <A HREF="#window">window</A> on this buffer.
Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
this is a "safe" command.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="pattern.html#CTRL-C">CTRL-C</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-C"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-C</B>*
You might have expected that <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="pattern.html#CTRL-C">CTRL-C</A> closes the current
<A HREF="#window">window</A>, but that does not work, because the <A HREF="pattern.html#CTRL-C">CTRL-C</A> cancels the
command.
*<A NAME=":hide"></A><B>:hide</B>*
:hid[e]
:{count}hid[e]
Without {count}: Quit the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>, unless <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is the
last <A HREF="#window">window</A> on the screen.
If {count} is given quit the {count} <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another <A HREF="#window">window</A>
editing <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> or <A HREF="options.html#'bufhidden'">'bufhidden'</A> is "unload", "delete" or "wipe").
If the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is the last one in the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page the <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A>
page is closed. |<A HREF="tabpage.html#tab-page">tab-page</A>|
The value of <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is irrelevant for this command. Changes
to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so this is a
"safe" command.
:hid[e] {cmd} Execute {cmd} with <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is set. The previous value of
<A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is restored after {cmd} has been executed.
Example:
<B> :hide edit Makefile</B>
This will edit "Makefile", and hide the current buffer if <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>
has any changes.
:on[ly][!]
:{count}on[ly][!]
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="insert.html#o">o</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_o"></A><B>CTRL-W_o</B>* *<A NAME="E445"></A><B>E445</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#CTRL-O">CTRL-O</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-O"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-O</B>* *<A NAME=":on"></A><B>:on</B>* *<A NAME=":only"></A><B>:only</B>*
Make the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> the only one on the screen. All other
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are closed. For {count} see |<A HREF="editing.html#:quit">:quit</A>| command.
When the <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> option is set, all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> in closed <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>
become hidden.
When <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is not set, and the <A HREF="options.html#'autowrite'">'autowrite'</A> option is set,
modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are written. Otherwise, <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> that have
<A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
given, then they become hidden. But modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are
never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
==============================================================================
4. Moving cursor to other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> *<A NAME="window-move-cursor"></A><B>window-move-cursor</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#<Down>"><Down></A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_<Down>"></A><B>CTRL-W_<Down></B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#CTRL-J">CTRL-J</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-J"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-J</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_j"></A><B>CTRL-W_j</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#j">j</A> Move cursor to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> below current one. Uses the cursor
position to select between alternatives.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#<Up>"><Up></A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_<Up>"></A><B>CTRL-W_<Up></B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> CTRL-K *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-K"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-K</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_k"></A><B>CTRL-W_k</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#k">k</A> Move cursor to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> above current one. Uses the cursor
position to select between alternatives.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#<Left>"><Left></A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_<Left>"></A><B>CTRL-W_<Left></B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#CTRL-H">CTRL-H</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-H"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-H</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#<BS>"><BS></A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_<BS>"></A><B>CTRL-W_<BS></B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_h"></A><B>CTRL-W_h</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#h">h</A> Move cursor to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> left of current one. Uses the
cursor position to select between alternatives.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#<Right>"><Right></A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_<Right>"></A><B>CTRL-W_<Right></B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="various.html#CTRL-L">CTRL-L</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-L"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-L</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_l"></A><B>CTRL-W_l</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#l">l</A> Move cursor to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> right of current one. Uses the
cursor position to select between alternatives.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#w">w</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_w"></A><B>CTRL-W_w</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-W"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-W</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> Without <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: move cursor to <A HREF="#window">window</A> below/right of the
current one. If there is no <A HREF="#window">window</A> below or right, go to
top-left <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
With <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: go to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> (windows are numbered from
top-left to bottom-right). To obtain the <A HREF="#window">window</A> number see
|<A HREF="eval.html#bufwinnr()">bufwinnr()</A>| and |<A HREF="eval.html#winnr()">winnr()</A>|. When N is larger than the number
of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> go to the last <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_W"></A><B>CTRL-W_W</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#W">W</A> Without <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: move cursor to <A HREF="#window">window</A> above/left of current
one. If there is no <A HREF="#window">window</A> above or left, go to bottom-right
<A HREF="#window">window</A>. With <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: go to Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A>, like with <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#w">w</A>.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> t *<A NAME="CTRL-W_t"></A><B>CTRL-W_t</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-T"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-T</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="tagsrch.html#CTRL-T">CTRL-T</A> Move cursor to top-left <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#b">b</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_b"></A><B>CTRL-W_b</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-B"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-B</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="scroll.html#CTRL-B">CTRL-B</A> Move cursor to bottom-right <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#p">p</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_p"></A><B>CTRL-W_p</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-P"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-P</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#CTRL-P">CTRL-P</A> Go to previous (last accessed) <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_P"></A><B>CTRL-W_P</B>* *<A NAME="E441"></A><B>E441</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#P">P</A> Go to preview <A HREF="#window">window</A>. When there is no preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> this is
an error.
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+quickfix">+quickfix</A>| feature}
If <A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> mode is active and the new <A HREF="#window">window</A> is not for the same buffer, the
<A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> mode is ended. If the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is on the same buffer, the cursor
position is set to keep the same <A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> area selected.
*<A NAME=":winc"></A><B>:winc</B>* *<A NAME=":wincmd"></A><B>:wincmd</B>*
These commands can also be executed with "<A HREF="#:wincmd">:wincmd</A>":
:[count]winc[md] {arg}
Like executing <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="intro.html#[count]">[count]</A> {arg}. Example:
<B> :wincmd j</B>
Moves to the <A HREF="#window">window</A> below the current one.
This command is useful when a <A HREF="intro.html#Normal">Normal</A> mode cannot be used (for
the |<A HREF="autocmd.html#CursorHold">CursorHold</A>| <A HREF="autocmd.html#autocommand">autocommand</A> event). Or when a <A HREF="intro.html#Normal">Normal</A> mode
command is inconvenient.
The <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> can also be a <A HREF="#window">window</A> number. Example:
<B> :exe nr . "wincmd w"</B>
This goes to <A HREF="#window">window</A> "nr".
==============================================================================
5. Moving <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> around *<A NAME="window-moving"></A><B>window-moving</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#r">r</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_r"></A><B>CTRL-W_r</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-R"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-R</B>* *<A NAME="E443"></A><B>E443</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="undo.html#CTRL-R">CTRL-R</A> Rotate <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> downwards/rightwards. The first <A HREF="#window">window</A> becomes
the second one, the second one becomes the third one, etc.
The last <A HREF="#window">window</A> becomes the first <A HREF="#window">window</A>. The cursor remains
in the same <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
This only works within the row or column of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> that the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> is in.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_R"></A><B>CTRL-W_R</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#R">R</A> Rotate <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> upwards/leftwards. The second <A HREF="#window">window</A> becomes
the first one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The
first <A HREF="#window">window</A> becomes the last <A HREF="#window">window</A>. The cursor remains in
the same <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
This only works within the row or column of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> that the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> is in.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#x">x</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_x"></A><B>CTRL-W_x</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-X"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-X</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#CTRL-X">CTRL-X</A> Without <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: Exchange current <A HREF="#window">window</A> with next one. If there
is no next <A HREF="#window">window</A>, exchange with previous <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
With <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A>: Exchange current <A HREF="#window">window</A> with Nth <A HREF="#window">window</A> (first
<A HREF="#window">window</A> is 1). The cursor is put in the other <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
When vertical and horizontal <A HREF="#window">window</A> splits are mixed, the
exchange is only done in the row or column of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> that the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> is in.
The following commands can be used to change the <A HREF="#window">window</A> layout. For example,
when there are two vertically split <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>, <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="various.html#K">K</A> will change that in
horizontally split <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>. <A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#H">H</A> does <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> the other way around.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_K"></A><B>CTRL-W_K</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="various.html#K">K</A> Move the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> to be at the very top, using the full
width of the screen. This works like closing the current
<A HREF="#window">window</A> and then creating another one with "<A HREF="#:topleft">:topleft</A> split",
except that the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> contents is used for the new
<A HREF="#window">window</A>.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_J"></A><B>CTRL-W_J</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#J">J</A> Move the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> to be at the very bottom, using the
full width of the screen. This works like closing the current
<A HREF="#window">window</A> and then creating another one with "<A HREF="#:botright">:botright</A> split",
except that the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> contents is used for the new
<A HREF="#window">window</A>.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_H"></A><B>CTRL-W_H</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#H">H</A> Move the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> to be at the far left, using the
full height of the screen. This works like closing the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> and then creating another one with
"<A HREF="#:vert">:vert</A> topleft split", except that the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> contents
is used for the new <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+vertsplit">+vertsplit</A>| feature}
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_L"></A><B>CTRL-W_L</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#L">L</A> Move the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> to be at the far right, using the full
height of the screen. This works like closing the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> and then creating another one with
"<A HREF="#:vert">:vert</A> botright split", except that the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>
contents is used for the new <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+vertsplit">+vertsplit</A>| feature}
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_T"></A><B>CTRL-W_T</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#T">T</A> Move the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> to a new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page. This fails if
there is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A> in the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page.
When a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is specified the new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page will be opened
before the <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page with this index. Otherwise <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> comes after
the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page.
==============================================================================
6. Window resizing *<A NAME="window-resize"></A><B>window-resize</B>*
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_="></A><B>CTRL-W_=</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> = Make all <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> (almost) equally high and wide, but use
<A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A> and <A HREF="options.html#'winwidth'">'winwidth'</A> for the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Windows with <A HREF="options.html#'winfixheight'">'winfixheight'</A> set keep their height and <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>
with <A HREF="options.html#'winfixwidth'">'winfixwidth'</A> set keep their width.
:res[ize] <A HREF="starting.html#-N">-N</A> *<A NAME=":res"></A><B>:res</B>* *<A NAME=":resize"></A><B>:resize</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_-"></A><B>CTRL-W_-</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> - Decrease current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height by N (default 1).
If used after |:vertical|: decrease width by N.
:res[ize] +N *<A NAME="CTRL-W_+"></A><B>CTRL-W_+</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> + Increase current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height by N (default 1).
If used after |:vertical|: increase width by N.
:res[ize] [N]
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> CTRL-_ *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-_"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-_</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W__"></A><B>CTRL-W__</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> _ Set current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height to N (default: highest possible).
z{nr}<CR> Set current <A HREF="#window">window</A> height to {nr}.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_<"></A><B>CTRL-W_<</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#<"><</A> Decrease current <A HREF="#window">window</A> width by N (default 1).
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_>"></A><B>CTRL-W_></B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="change.html#>">></A> Increase current <A HREF="#window">window</A> width by N (default 1).
<A HREF="#:vertical">:vertical</A> res[ize] [N] *<A NAME=":vertical-resize"></A><B>:vertical-resize</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_bar"></A><B>CTRL-W_bar</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> | Set current <A HREF="#window">window</A> width to N (default: widest possible).
You can also resize a <A HREF="#window">window</A> by dragging a status line up or down with the
mouse. Or by dragging a vertical separator line left or right. This only
works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the mouse and the
<A HREF="options.html#'mouse'">'mouse'</A> option has been set to enable <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>.
The option <A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A> ('wh') is used to set the minimal <A HREF="#window">window</A> height of the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. This option is used each time another <A HREF="#window">window</A> becomes the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If the option is '<A HREF="motion.html#0">0</A>', <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is disabled. Set <A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A> to a
very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> always fill all
available space. Set <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in
the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> comfortable.
The equivalent <A HREF="options.html#'winwidth'">'winwidth'</A> ('wiw') option is used to set the minimal width of
the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
When the option <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A> ('ea') is set, all the <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are automatically
made the same size after splitting or closing a <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If you don't set this
option, splitting a <A HREF="#window">window</A> will reduce the size of the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> and
leave the other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> the same. When closing a <A HREF="#window">window</A>, the extra lines are
given to the <A HREF="#window">window</A> above <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>.
The <A HREF="options.html#'eadirection'">'eadirection'</A> option <A HREF="vi_diff.html#limits">limits</A> the direction in which the <A HREF="options.html#'equalalways'">'equalalways'</A>
option is applied. The default "both" resizes in both directions. When the
value is "ver" only the heights of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are equalized. Use this when you
have manually resized a vertically split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and want to keep this width.
Likewise, "hor" causes only the widths of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> to be equalized.
The option <A HREF="options.html#'cmdheight'">'cmdheight'</A> ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line.
If you are annoyed by the |<A HREF="message.html#hit-enter">hit-enter</A>| prompt for long <A HREF="message.html#messages">messages</A>, set this
option to 2 or 3.
If there is only one <A HREF="#window">window</A>, resizing that <A HREF="#window">window</A> will also change the command
line height. If there are several <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>, resizing the current <A HREF="#window">window</A> will
also change the height of the <A HREF="#window">window</A> below <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> (and sometimes the <A HREF="#window">window</A> above
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>).
The minimal height and width of a <A HREF="#window">window</A> is set with <A HREF="options.html#'winminheight'">'winminheight'</A> and
<A HREF="options.html#'winminwidth'">'winminwidth'</A>. These are hard values, a <A HREF="#window">window</A> will never become smaller.
==============================================================================
7. Argument and buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> commands *<A NAME="buffer-list"></A><B>buffer-list</B>*
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> args list buffer list meaning </FONT></B>
1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N
2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf
3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
5. <A HREF="editing.html#:rewind">:rewind</A> / <A HREF="editing.html#:first">:first</A> 15. <A HREF="#:brewind">:brewind</A> / <A HREF="#:bfirst">:bfirst</A> to first arg/buf
6. <A HREF="editing.html#:last">:last</A> 16. <A HREF="#:blast">:blast</A> to last arg/buf
7. <A HREF="#:all">:all</A> 17. <A HREF="#:ball">:ball</A> edit all args/buffers
18. <A HREF="#:unhide">:unhide</A> edit all loaded <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> split & args list split & buffer list meaning </FONT></B>
21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N
22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf
23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
25. <A HREF="#:srewind">:srewind</A> / <A HREF="#:sfirst">:sfirst</A> 35. <A HREF="#:sbrewind">:sbrewind</A> / <A HREF="#:sbfirst">:sbfirst</A> split + to first arg/buf
26. <A HREF="#:slast">:slast</A> 36. <A HREF="#:sblast">:sblast</A> split + to last arg/buf
27. <A HREF="#:sall">:sall</A> 37. <A HREF="#:sball">:sball</A> edit all args/buffers
38. <A HREF="#:sunhide">:sunhide</A> edit all loaded <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf
40. <A HREF="editing.html#:args">:args</A> <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> of arguments
41. <A HREF="#:buffers">:buffers</A> <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> of <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
The meaning of [N] depends on the command:
[N] is the number of <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> to go forward/backward on 2/12/22/32,
3/13/23/33, and 4/14/24/34
[N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21
[N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31
[N] is a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> for 19 and 39
Note: "<A HREF="editing.html#:next">:next</A>" is an exception, because <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> must accept a <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> of file names
for compatibility with <A HREF="intro.html#Vi">Vi</A>.
The argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> and multiple <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>
The current position in the argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> can be different for each <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
Remember that when doing "<A HREF="editing.html#:e">:e</A> file", the position in the argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> stays
the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate
this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows
"(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, and
"<A HREF="motion.html#M">M</A>" the number of files in the file <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
All the entries in the argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> are added to the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. Thus, you
can also get to them with the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> commands, like "<A HREF="#:bnext">:bnext</A>".
:[N]al[l][!] [N] *<A NAME=":al"></A><B>:al</B>* *<A NAME=":all"></A><B>:all</B>* *<A NAME=":sal"></A><B>:sal</B>* *<A NAME=":sall"></A><B>:sall</B>*
:[N]sal[l][!] [N]
Rearrange the screen to open one <A HREF="#window">window</A> for each argument.
All other <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are closed. When a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is given, this is
the maximum number of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> to open.
With the |<A HREF="tabpage.html#:tab">:tab</A>| modifier open a tab page for each argument.
When there are more arguments than <A HREF="options.html#'tabpagemax'">'tabpagemax'</A> further ones
become split <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> in the last <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page.
When the <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> option is set, all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> in closed <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>
become hidden.
When <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is not set, and the <A HREF="options.html#'autowrite'">'autowrite'</A> option is set,
modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are written. Otherwise, <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> that have
<A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
given, then they become hidden. But modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are
never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
[N] is the maximum number of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> to open. <A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A>
also <A HREF="vi_diff.html#limits">limits</A> the number of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> opened ('winwidth' if
|<A HREF="#:vertical">:vertical</A>| was prepended).
Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> here, that's only done when they are really entered.
:[N]sa[rgument][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":sa"></A><B>:sa</B>* *<A NAME=":sargument"></A><B>:sargument</B>*
Short for "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> | argument [N]": split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to Nth
argument. But when there is no such argument, the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is
not split. Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]sn[ext][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [file ..] *<A NAME=":sn"></A><B>:sn</B>* *<A NAME=":snext"></A><B>:snext</B>*
Short for "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> | [N]next": split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to Nth next
argument. But when there is no next file, the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is not
split. Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]spr[evious][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":spr"></A><B>:spr</B>* *<A NAME=":sprevious"></A><B>:sprevious</B>*
:[N]sN[ext][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":sN"></A><B>:sN</B>* *<A NAME=":sNext"></A><B>:sNext</B>*
Short for "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> | [N]Next": split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to Nth
previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the
<A HREF="#window">window</A> is not split. Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
*<A NAME=":sre"></A><B>:sre</B>* *<A NAME=":srewind"></A><B>:srewind</B>*
:sre[wind][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A>
Short for "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> | rewind": split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to first
argument. But when there is no argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is
not split. Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
*<A NAME=":sfir"></A><B>:sfir</B>* *<A NAME=":sfirst"></A><B>:sfirst</B>*
:sfir[st] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A>
Same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> "<A HREF="#:srewind">:srewind</A>".
*<A NAME=":sla"></A><B>:sla</B>* *<A NAME=":slast"></A><B>:slast</B>*
:sla[st][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A>
Short for "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> | last": split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to last
argument. But when there is no argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is
not split. Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
*<A NAME=":dr"></A><B>:dr</B>* *<A NAME=":drop"></A><B>:drop</B>*
:dr[op] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> ..
Edit the first <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> in a <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
- If the file is already open in a <A HREF="#window">window</A> change to that
<A HREF="#window">window</A>.
- If the file is not open in a <A HREF="#window">window</A> edit the file in the
current <A HREF="#window">window</A>. If the current buffer can't be YXXYabandon|ed,
the <A HREF="#window">window</A> is split first.
- Windows that are not in the argument <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> or are not full
width will be closed if possible.
The |<A HREF="editing.html#argument-list">argument-list</A>| is set, like with the |<A HREF="editing.html#:next">:next</A>| command.
The purpose of this command is that <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> can be used from a
program that wants Vim to edit another file, e.g., a debugger.
When using the |<A HREF="tabpage.html#:tab">:tab</A>| modifier each argument is opened in a
<A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page. The last <A HREF="#window">window</A> is used if it's empty.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#++opt">++opt</A>| and |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
{only available when compiled with a GUI}
==============================================================================
8. Do a command in all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> or <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> *<A NAME="list-repeat"></A><B>list-repeat</B>*
*<A NAME=":windo"></A><B>:windo</B>*
:[range]windo {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each <A HREF="#window">window</A> or if <A HREF="cmdline.html#[range]">[range]</A> is given
only in <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> for which the <A HREF="#window">window</A> number lies in
the <A HREF="cmdline.html#[range]">[range]</A>. It works like doing this:
<B> CTRL-W t</B>
<B> :{cmd}</B>
<B> CTRL-W w</B>
<B> :{cmd}</B>
<B> etc.</B>
This only operates in the current <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page.
When an error is detected on one <A HREF="#window">window</A>, further
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> will not be visited.
The last <A HREF="#window">window</A> (or where an error occurred) becomes
the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
{cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
{cmd} must not open or close <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> or reorder them.
{not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|<A HREF="various.html#+listcmds">+listcmds</A>| feature}
Also see |<A HREF="tabpage.html#:tabdo">:tabdo</A>|, |<A HREF="editing.html#:argdo">:argdo</A>|, |<A HREF="#:bufdo">:bufdo</A>|, |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:cdo">:cdo</A>|, |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:ldo">:ldo</A>|,
|<A HREF="quickfix.html#:cfdo">:cfdo</A>| and |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:lfdo">:lfdo</A>|
*<A NAME=":bufdo"></A><B>:bufdo</B>*
:[range]bufdo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each buffer in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> or if
<A HREF="cmdline.html#[range]">[range]</A> is given only for <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> for which their
buffer number is in the <A HREF="cmdline.html#[range]">[range]</A>. It works like doing
this:
<B> :bfirst</B>
<B> :{cmd}</B>
<B> :bnext</B>
<B> :{cmd}</B>
<B> etc.</B>
When the current file can't be |abandon|ed and the [!]
is not present, the command fails.
When an error is detected on one buffer, further
<A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> will not be visited.
Unlisted <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are skipped.
The last buffer (or where an error occurred) becomes
the current buffer.
{cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
{cmd} must not delete <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> or add <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> to the
buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
Note: While this command is executing, the <A HREF="autocmd.html#Syntax">Syntax</A>
<A HREF="autocmd.html#autocommand">autocommand</A> event is disabled by adding <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> to
<A HREF="options.html#'eventignore'">'eventignore'</A>. This considerably speeds up editing
each buffer.
{not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|<A HREF="various.html#+listcmds">+listcmds</A>| feature}
Also see |<A HREF="tabpage.html#:tabdo">:tabdo</A>|, |<A HREF="editing.html#:argdo">:argdo</A>|, |<A HREF="#:windo">:windo</A>|, |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:cdo">:cdo</A>|, |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:ldo">:ldo</A>|,
|<A HREF="quickfix.html#:cfdo">:cfdo</A>| and |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:lfdo">:lfdo</A>|
Examples:
<B> :windo set nolist nofoldcolumn | normal zn</B>
This resets the <A HREF="options.html#'list'">'list'</A> option and disables <A HREF="fold.html#folding">folding</A> in all <A HREF="#windows">windows</A>.
<B> :bufdo set fileencoding= | update</B>
This resets the <A HREF="options.html#'fileencoding'">'fileencoding'</A> in each buffer and writes <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> if this changed
the buffer. The result is that all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> will use the <A HREF="options.html#'encoding'">'encoding'</A> encoding
(if conversion works properly).
==============================================================================
9. Tag or file name under the cursor *<A NAME="window-tag"></A><B>window-tag</B>*
*<A NAME=":sta"></A><B>:sta</B>* *<A NAME=":stag"></A><B>:stag</B>*
:sta[g][!] [tagname]
Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the <A HREF="#window">window</A> for the found
tag. See also |<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:tag">:tag</A>|.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> ] *<A NAME="CTRL-W_]"></A><B>CTRL-W_]</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-]"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-]</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="tagsrch.html#CTRL-]">CTRL-]</A> Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. Use identifier under cursor <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a
<A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> and jump to <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> in the new upper <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
In <A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> mode uses the Visually selected text <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A>.
Make new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_g]"></A><B>CTRL-W_g]</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="index.html#g">g</A> ] Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. Use identifier under cursor <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a
<A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> and perform "<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:tselect">:tselect</A>" on <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> in the new upper <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
In <A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> mode uses the Visually selected text <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A>.
Make new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high.
*<A NAME="CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]"></A><B>CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="index.html#g">g</A> <A HREF="tagsrch.html#CTRL-]">CTRL-]</A> Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. Use identifier under cursor <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a
<A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> and perform "<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:tjump">:tjump</A>" on <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> in the new upper <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
In <A HREF="visual.html#Visual">Visual</A> mode uses the Visually selected text <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A>.
Make new <A HREF="#window">window</A> N high.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#f">f</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_f"></A><B>CTRL-W_f</B>* *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-F"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-F</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="scroll.html#CTRL-F">CTRL-F</A> Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. Edit file name under cursor.
Like "<A HREF="#:split">:split</A> gf", but <A HREF="#window">window</A> isn't split if the file does not
exist.
Uses the <A HREF="options.html#'path'">'path'</A> variable <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> of directory names where to
look for the file. Also the path for current file is
used to search for the file name.
If the name is a hypertext link that looks like
"type://machine/path", only "/path" is used.
If a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is given, the count'th matching file is edited.
{not available when the |<A HREF="various.html#+file_in_path">+file_in_path</A>| feature was disabled
at compile time}
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="motion.html#F">F</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_F"></A><B>CTRL-W_F</B>*
Split current <A HREF="#window">window</A> in two. Edit file name under cursor and
jump to the line number following the file name. See |<A HREF="editing.html#gF">gF</A>| for
details on how the line number is obtained.
{not available when the |<A HREF="various.html#+file_in_path">+file_in_path</A>| feature was disabled
at compile time}
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="editing.html#gf">gf</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_gf"></A><B>CTRL-W_gf</B>*
Open a new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page and edit the file name under the cursor.
Like "<A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> split" and "<A HREF="editing.html#gf">gf</A>", but the new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page isn't created
if the file does not exist.
{not available when the |<A HREF="various.html#+file_in_path">+file_in_path</A>| feature was disabled
at compile time}
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="editing.html#gF">gF</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_gF"></A><B>CTRL-W_gF</B>*
Open a new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page and edit the file name under the cursor
and jump to the line number following the file name. Like
"<A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> split" and "<A HREF="editing.html#gF">gF</A>", but the new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page isn't created if
the file does not exist.
{not available when the |<A HREF="various.html#+file_in_path">+file_in_path</A>| feature was disabled
at compile time}
Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open <A HREF="#window">window</A> for an included file that includes
the keyword under the cursor.
==============================================================================
10. The preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> *<A NAME="preview-window"></A><B>preview-window</B>*
The preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> is a special <A HREF="#window">window</A> to show (preview) another file. It is
normally a small <A HREF="#window">window</A> used to show an include file or definition of a
function.
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+quickfix">+quickfix</A>| feature}
There can be only one preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> (per <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A> page). It is created with one
of the commands below. The <A HREF="options.html#'previewheight'">'previewheight'</A> option can be set to specify the
height of the preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> when it's opened. The <A HREF="options.html#'previewwindow'">'previewwindow'</A> option is
set in the preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> to be able to recognize <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>. The <A HREF="options.html#'winfixheight'">'winfixheight'</A>
option is set to have <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> keep the same height when opening/closing other
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A>.
*<A NAME=":pta"></A><B>:pta</B>* *<A NAME=":ptag"></A><B>:ptag</B>*
:pta[g][!] [tagname]
Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> in a
"Preview" <A HREF="#window">window</A> without <A HREF="change.html#changing">changing</A> the current buffer or cursor
position. If a "Preview" <A HREF="#window">window</A> already exists, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is re-used
(like a help <A HREF="#window">window</A> is). If a new one is opened,
<A HREF="options.html#'previewheight'">'previewheight'</A> is used for the height of the <A HREF="#window">window</A>. See
also |<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:tag">:tag</A>|.
See below for an example. |<A HREF="#CursorHold-example">CursorHold-example</A>|
Small difference from |:tag|: When [tagname] is equal to the
already displayed <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A>, the position in the matching <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>
is not reset. This makes the <A HREF="autocmd.html#CursorHold">CursorHold</A> example work after a
|<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:ptnext">:ptnext</A>|.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="index.html#z">z</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_z"></A><B>CTRL-W_z</B>*
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="starting.html#CTRL-Z">CTRL-Z</A> *<A NAME="CTRL-W_CTRL-Z"></A><B>CTRL-W_CTRL-Z</B>* *<A NAME=":pc"></A><B>:pc</B>* *<A NAME=":pclose"></A><B>:pclose</B>*
:pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" <A HREF="#window">window</A> currently open. When the <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A>
option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is
used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
<A HREF="#window">window</A> editing <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer
cannot be closed. See also |<A HREF="#:close">:close</A>|.
*<A NAME=":pp"></A><B>:pp</B>* *<A NAME=":ppop"></A><B>:ppop</B>*
:[count]pp[op][!]
Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview <A HREF="#window">window</A>. See |<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:pop">:pop</A>| and
|<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>|. {not in Vi}
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> } *<A NAME="CTRL-W_}"></A><B>CTRL-W_}</B>*
Use identifier under cursor <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> and perform a <A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A> on
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>. Make the new Preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> (if required) N high. If N is
not given, <A HREF="options.html#'previewheight'">'previewheight'</A> is used.
<A HREF="index.html#CTRL-W">CTRL-W</A> <A HREF="index.html#g">g</A> } *<A NAME="CTRL-W_g}"></A><B>CTRL-W_g}</B>*
Use identifier under cursor <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> and perform a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#:ptjump">:ptjump</A> on
<A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>. Make the new Preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> (if required) N high. If N is
not given, <A HREF="options.html#'previewheight'">'previewheight'</A> is used.
*<A NAME=":ped"></A><B>:ped</B>* *<A NAME=":pedit"></A><B>:pedit</B>*
:ped[it][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[++opt]">[++opt]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A>
Edit <A HREF="editing.html#{file}">{file}</A> in the preview <A HREF="#window">window</A>. The preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> is
opened like with |<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>|. The current <A HREF="#window">window</A> and cursor
position isn't changed. Useful example:
<B> :pedit +/fputc /usr/include/stdio.h</B>
*<A NAME=":ps"></A><B>:ps</B>* *<A NAME=":psearch"></A><B>:psearch</B>*
:[range]ps[earch][!] <A HREF="intro.html#[count]">[count]</A> [/]pattern[/]
Works like |<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:ijump">:ijump</A>| but shows the found match in the preview
<A HREF="#window">window</A>. The preview <A HREF="#window">window</A> is opened like with |<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>|. The
current <A HREF="#window">window</A> and cursor position isn't changed. Useful
example:
<B> :psearch popen</B>
Like with the |<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>| command, you can use this to
automatically show information about the <A HREF="motion.html#word">word</A> under the
cursor. This is <A HREF="various.html#less">less</A> clever than using |<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>|, but you don't
need a <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tags">tags</A> file and <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> will also find matches in system
include files. Example:
<B> :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! psearch " . expand("<cword>")</B>
Warning: This can be slow.
Example *<A NAME="CursorHold-example"></A><B>CursorHold-example</B>*
<B> :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! ptag " . expand("<cword>")</B>
This will cause a "<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>" to be executed for the keyword under the cursor,
when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with <A HREF="options.html#'updatetime'">'updatetime'</A>. The "nested"
makes other autocommands be executed, so that <A HREF="syntax.html#syntax">syntax</A> highlighting works in the
preview <A HREF="#window">window</A>. The "silent!" avoids an error message when the <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A> could not
be found. Also see |<A HREF="autocmd.html#CursorHold">CursorHold</A>|. To disable this again:
<B> :au! CursorHold</B>
A <A HREF="todo.html#nice">nice</A> addition is to highlight the found <A HREF="tagsrch.html#tag">tag</A>, avoid the "<A HREF="#:ptag">:ptag</A>" when there
is no <A HREF="motion.html#word">word</A> under the cursor, and a few other things:
<B> :au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested call PreviewWord()</B>
<B> :func PreviewWord()</B>
<B> : if &previewwindow " don't do this in the preview window</B>
<B> : return</B>
<B> : endif</B>
<B> : let w = expand("<cword>") " get the word under cursor</B>
<B> : if w =~ '\a' " if the word contains a letter</B>
<B> :</B>
<B> : " Delete any existing highlight before showing another tag</B>
<B> : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window</B>
<B> : if &previewwindow " if we really get there...</B>
<B> : match none " delete existing highlight</B>
<B> : wincmd p " back to old window</B>
<B> : endif</B>
<B> :</B>
<B> : " Try displaying a matching tag for the word under the cursor</B>
<B> : try</B>
<B> : exe "ptag " . w</B>
<B> : catch</B>
<B> : return</B>
<B> : endtry</B>
<B> :</B>
<B> : silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window</B>
<B> : if &previewwindow " if we really get there...</B>
<B> : if has("folding")</B>
<B> : silent! .foldopen " don't want a closed fold</B>
<B> : endif</B>
<B> : call search("$", "b") " to end of previous line</B>
<B> : let w = substitute(w, '\\', '\\\\', "")</B>
<B> : call search('\<\V' . w . '\>') " position cursor on match</B>
<B> : " Add a match highlight to the word at this position</B>
<B> : hi previewWord term=bold ctermbg=green guibg=green</B>
<B> : exe 'match previewWord "\%' . line(".") . 'l\%' . col(".") . 'c\k*"'</B>
<B> : wincmd p " back to old window</B>
<B> : endif</B>
<B> : endif</B>
<B> :endfun</B>
==============================================================================
11. Using hidden <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> *<A NAME="buffer-hidden"></A><B>buffer-hidden</B>*
A hidden buffer is not displayed in a <A HREF="#window">window</A>, but is still loaded into memory.
This makes <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or
write the file every time you get another buffer in a <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
{not available when compiled without the |<A HREF="various.html#+listcmds">+listcmds</A>| feature}
*<A NAME=":buffer-!"></A><B>:buffer-!</B>*
If the option <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> ('hid') is set, abandoned <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> are kept for all
commands that start editing another file: "<A HREF="editing.html#:edit">:edit</A>", "<A HREF="editing.html#:next">:next</A>", "<A HREF="tagsrch.html#:tag">:tag</A>", etc. The
commands that move through the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> sometimes make the current buffer
hidden although the <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> option is not set. This happens when a buffer is
modified, but is forced (with '<A HREF="change.html#!">!</A>') to be removed from a <A HREF="#window">window</A>, and
<A HREF="options.html#'autowrite'">'autowrite'</A> is off or the buffer can't be written.
You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> with any
command. Or by <A HREF="change.html#deleting">deleting</A> <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> with the "<A HREF="#:bdelete">:bdelete</A>" command.
The <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is global, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is used for all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. The <A HREF="options.html#'bufhidden'">'bufhidden'</A> option
can be used to make an exception for a specific buffer. It can take these
values:
<empty> Use the value of <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A>.
hide Hide this buffer, also when <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A> is not set.
unload Don't hide but unload this buffer, also when <A HREF="options.html#'hidden'">'hidden'</A>
is set.
delete Delete the buffer.
*<A NAME="hidden-quit"></A><B>hidden-quit</B>*
When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will
get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You
can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without <A HREF="editing.html#writing">writing</A> (":q!").
Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>!
A buffer can also be unlisted. This means <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> exists, but <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is not in the
list of <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. |<A HREF="#unlisted-buffer">unlisted-buffer</A>|
:files[!] [flags] *<A NAME=":files"></A><B>:files</B>*
:buffers[!] [flags] *<A NAME=":buffers"></A><B>:buffers</B>* *<A NAME=":ls"></A><B>:ls</B>*
:ls[!] [flags]
Show all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. Example:
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> 1 #h "/test/text" line 1 </FONT></B>
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> 2u "asdf" line 0 </FONT></B>
<B><FONT COLOR="PURPLE"> 3 %a + "version.c" line 1 </FONT></B>
When the [!] is included the <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> will show unlisted <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
(the term "unlisted" is a bit confusing then...).
Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change,
thus you can always go to a specific buffer with "<A HREF="#:buffer">:buffer</A> N"
or "<A HREF="pattern.html#N">N</A> CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number.
Indicators (chars in the same column are mutually exclusive):
<A HREF="undo.html#u">u</A> an unlisted buffer (only displayed when [!] is used)
|<A HREF="#unlisted-buffer">unlisted-buffer</A>|
<A HREF="motion.html#%">%</A> the buffer in the current <A HREF="#window">window</A>
# the alternate buffer for "<A HREF="editing.html#:e">:e</A> #" and <A HREF="editing.html#CTRL-^">CTRL-^</A>
a an active buffer: <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is loaded and visible
<A HREF="motion.html#h">h</A> a hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not
displayed in a <A HREF="#window">window</A> |<A HREF="#hidden-buffer">hidden-buffer</A>|
- a buffer with <A HREF="options.html#'modifiable'">'modifiable'</A> off
= a readonly buffer
<A HREF="change.html#R">R</A> a <A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A> buffer with a running <A HREF="channel.html#job">job</A>
<A HREF="motion.html#F">F</A> a <A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A> buffer with a finished <A HREF="channel.html#job">job</A>
? a <A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A> buffer without a <A HREF="channel.html#job">job</A>: `:terminal NONE`
+ a modified buffer
<A HREF="change.html#x">x</A> a buffer with read <A HREF="message.html#errors">errors</A>
[flags] can be a combination of the following characters,
which restrict the <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> to be listed:
+ modified <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
- <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> with <A HREF="options.html#'modifiable'">'modifiable'</A> off
= readonly <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
a active <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
<A HREF="undo.html#u">u</A> unlisted <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> (overrides the "<A HREF="change.html#!">!</A>")
<A HREF="motion.html#h">h</A> hidden <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>
<A HREF="change.html#x">x</A> <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> with a read error
<A HREF="motion.html#%">%</A> current buffer
# alternate buffer
Combining flags means they are "and"ed together, e.g.:
h+ hidden <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> which are modified
a+ active <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> which are modified
When using |<A HREF="various.html#:filter">:filter</A>| the <A HREF="pattern.html#pattern">pattern</A> is matched against the
displayed buffer name, e.g.:
<B> filter /\.vim/ ls</B>
*<A NAME=":bad"></A><B>:bad</B>* *<A NAME=":badd"></A><B>:badd</B>*
:bad[d] [+lnum] {fname}
Add file name {fname} to the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, without loading <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A>.
If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that
line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other
commands after the + will be ignored.
:[N]bd[elete][!] *<A NAME=":bd"></A><B>:bd</B>* *<A NAME=":bdel"></A><B>:bdel</B>* *<A NAME=":bdelete"></A><B>:bdelete</B>* *<A NAME="E516"></A><B>E516</B>*
:bd[elete][!] [N]
Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> from
the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If the buffer was changed, this fails,
unless when [!] is specified, in which <A HREF="change.html#case">case</A> changes are lost.
The file remains unaffected. Any <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> for this buffer are
closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer
will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in
the jump <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> that points into a loaded buffer.
Actually, the buffer isn't completely deleted, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> is removed
from the buffer list |<A HREF="#unlisted-buffer">unlisted-buffer</A>| and option values,
<A HREF="eval.html#variables">variables</A> and mappings/abbreviations for the buffer are
cleared. Examples:
<B> :.,$-bdelete " delete buffers from the current one to</B>
<B> " last but one</B>
<B> :%bdelete " delete all buffers</B>
:bdelete[!] {bufname} *<A NAME="E93"></A><B>E93</B>* *<A NAME="E94"></A><B>E94</B>*
Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
name; use the buffer number instead. <A HREF="insert.html#Insert">Insert</A> a <A HREF="intro.html#backslash">backslash</A>
before a space in a buffer name.
:bdelete[!] N1 N2 <A HREF="eval.html#...">...</A>
Do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
a number). <A HREF="insert.html#Insert">Insert</A> a <A HREF="intro.html#backslash">backslash</A> before a space in a buffer
name.
:N,Mbdelete[!] Do ":bdelete[!]" for all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> in the range N to <A HREF="motion.html#M">M</A>
|<A HREF="motion.html#inclusive">inclusive</A>|.
:[N]bw[ipeout][!] *<A NAME=":bw"></A><B>:bw</B>* *<A NAME=":bwipe"></A><B>:bwipe</B>* *<A NAME=":bwipeout"></A><B>:bwipeout</B>* *<A NAME="E517"></A><B>E517</B>*
:bw[ipeout][!] {bufname}
:N,Mbw[ipeout][!]
:bw[ipeout][!] N1 N2 <A HREF="eval.html#...">...</A>
Like |<A HREF="#:bdelete">:bdelete</A>|, but really delete the buffer. Everything
related to the buffer is lost. All marks in this buffer
become invalid, option settings are lost, etc. Don't use this
unless you know what you are doing. Examples:
<B> :.+,$bwipeout " wipe out all buffers after the current</B>
<B> " one</B>
<B> :%bwipeout " wipe out all buffers</B>
:[N]bun[load][!] *<A NAME=":bun"></A><B>:bun</B>* *<A NAME=":bunload"></A><B>:bunload</B>* *<A NAME="E515"></A><B>E515</B>*
:bun[load][!] [N]
Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory
allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains
in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
If the buffer was changed, this fails, unless when [!] is
specified, in which <A HREF="change.html#case">case</A> the changes are lost.
Any <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the
current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead.
This is the most recent entry in the jump <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> that points
into a loaded buffer.
:bunload[!] {bufname}
Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
name; use the buffer number instead. <A HREF="insert.html#Insert">Insert</A> a <A HREF="intro.html#backslash">backslash</A>
before a space in a buffer name.
:N,Mbunload[!] Do ":bunload[!]" for all <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> in the range N to <A HREF="motion.html#M">M</A>
|<A HREF="motion.html#inclusive">inclusive</A>|.
:bunload[!] N1 N2 <A HREF="eval.html#...">...</A>
Do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
a number). <A HREF="insert.html#Insert">Insert</A> a <A HREF="intro.html#backslash">backslash</A> before a space in a buffer
name.
:[N]b[uffer][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":b"></A><B>:b</B>* *<A NAME=":bu"></A><B>:bu</B>* *<A NAME=":buf"></A><B>:buf</B>* *<A NAME=":buffer"></A><B>:buffer</B>* *<A NAME="E86"></A><B>E86</B>*
Edit buffer [N] from the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If [N] is not given,
the current buffer remains being edited. See |<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for
[!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
<A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, without setting the <A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> flag.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]b[uffer][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> {bufname}
Edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. See
|<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not
in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, without setting the <A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> flag.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]sb[uffer] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":sb"></A><B>:sb</B>* *<A NAME=":sbuffer"></A><B>:sbuffer</B>*
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and edit buffer [N] from the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If [N]
is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the
"useopen" setting of <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A> when splitting. This will
also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, without
setting the <A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> flag.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]sb[uffer] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> {bufname}
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer
<A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
<A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>, without setting the <A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> flag.
Note: If what you want to <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> is split the buffer, make a copy
under another name, you can <A HREF="diff.html#do">do</A> <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> this way:
<B> :w foobar | sp #</B>
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]bn[ext][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":bn"></A><B>:bn</B>* *<A NAME=":bnext"></A><B>:bnext</B>* *<A NAME="E87"></A><B>E87</B>*
Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. [N] defaults to one.
Wraps around the end of the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
See |<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for [!].
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help
buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal
(non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer.
This is so that if you have invoked help, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> doesn't get in
the way when you're browsing code/text <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. The next three
commands also work like this.
*<A NAME=":sbn"></A><B>:sbn</B>* *<A NAME=":sbnext"></A><B>:sbnext</B>*
:[N]sbn[ext] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N]
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
Wraps around the end of the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. Uses <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A>
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]bN[ext][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":bN"></A><B>:bN</B>* *<A NAME=":bNext"></A><B>:bNext</B>* *<A NAME=":bp"></A><B>:bp</B>* *<A NAME=":bprevious"></A><B>:bprevious</B>* *<A NAME="E88"></A><B>E88</B>*
:[N]bp[revious][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N]
Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. [N] defaults to
one. Wraps around the start of the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
See |<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for [!] and <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A>.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:[N]sbN[ext] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":sbN"></A><B>:sbN</B>* *<A NAME=":sbNext"></A><B>:sbNext</B>* *<A NAME=":sbp"></A><B>:sbp</B>* *<A NAME=":sbprevious"></A><B>:sbprevious</B>*
:[N]sbp[revious] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N]
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
Wraps around the start of the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
Uses <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A>.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:br[ewind][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":br"></A><B>:br</B>* *<A NAME=":brewind"></A><B>:brewind</B>*
Go to first buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> is
empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
See |<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for [!].
:bf[irst] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":bf"></A><B>:bf</B>* *<A NAME=":bfirst"></A><B>:bfirst</B>*
Same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> |<A HREF="#:brewind">:brewind</A>|.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:sbr[ewind] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":sbr"></A><B>:sbr</B>* *<A NAME=":sbrewind"></A><B>:sbrewind</B>*
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to first buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If the
buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> is empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
Respects the <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A> option.
Also see |<A HREF="editing.html#+cmd">+cmd</A>|.
:sbf[irst] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":sbf"></A><B>:sbf</B>* *<A NAME=":sbfirst"></A><B>:sbfirst</B>*
Same <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> "<A HREF="#:sbrewind">:sbrewind</A>".
:bl[ast][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":bl"></A><B>:bl</B>* *<A NAME=":blast"></A><B>:blast</B>*
Go to last buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> is
empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
See |<A HREF="#:buffer-!">:buffer-!</A>| for [!].
:sbl[ast] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> *<A NAME=":sbl"></A><B>:sbl</B>* *<A NAME=":sblast"></A><B>:sblast</B>*
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to last buffer in buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. If the
buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> is empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
Respects <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A> option.
:[N]bm[odified][!] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":bm"></A><B>:bm</B>* *<A NAME=":bmodified"></A><B>:bmodified</B>* *<A NAME="E84"></A><B>E84</B>*
Go to [N]th next modified buffer. Note: this command also
finds unlisted <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A>. If there is no modified buffer the
command fails.
:[N]sbm[odified] <A HREF="editing.html#[+cmd]">[+cmd]</A> [N] *<A NAME=":sbm"></A><B>:sbm</B>* *<A NAME=":sbmodified"></A><B>:sbmodified</B>*
Split <A HREF="#window">window</A> and go to [N]th next modified buffer.
Respects <A HREF="options.html#'switchbuf'">'switchbuf'</A> option.
Note: this command also finds <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> not in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>.
:[N]unh[ide] [N] *<A NAME=":unh"></A><B>:unh</B>* *<A NAME=":unhide"></A><B>:unhide</B>* *<A NAME=":sun"></A><B>:sun</B>* *<A NAME=":sunhide"></A><B>:sunhide</B>*
:[N]sun[hide] [N]
Rearrange the screen to open one <A HREF="#window">window</A> for each loaded buffer
in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. When a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is given, this is the
maximum number of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> to open.
:[N]ba[ll] [N] *<A NAME=":ba"></A><B>:ba</B>* *<A NAME=":ball"></A><B>:ball</B>* *<A NAME=":sba"></A><B>:sba</B>* *<A NAME=":sball"></A><B>:sball</B>*
:[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one <A HREF="#window">window</A> for each buffer in
the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. When a <A HREF="intro.html#count">count</A> is given, this is the maximum
number of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> to open. <A HREF="options.html#'winheight'">'winheight'</A> also <A HREF="vi_diff.html#limits">limits</A> the number
of <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> opened ('winwidth' if |<A HREF="#:vertical">:vertical</A>| was prepended).
Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
<A HREF="#windows">windows</A> here, that's only done when they are really entered.
When the |<A HREF="tabpage.html#:tab">:tab</A>| modifier is used new <A HREF="#windows">windows</A> are opened in a
new <A HREF="intro.html#tab">tab</A>, up to <A HREF="options.html#'tabpagemax'">'tabpagemax'</A>.
Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the
<A HREF="options.html#'readonly'">'readonly'</A> flag <A HREF="motion.html#as">as</A> <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> was. This differs from the "<A HREF="editing.html#:edit">:edit</A>" command, which sets
the <A HREF="options.html#'readonly'">'readonly'</A> flag each time the file is read.
==============================================================================
12. <A HREF="eval.html#Special">Special</A> kinds of <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> *<A NAME="special-buffers"></A><B>special-buffers</B>*
Instead of containing the text of a file, <A HREF="#buffers">buffers</A> can also be used for other
purposes. A few <A HREF="options.html#options">options</A> can be set to change the behavior of a buffer:
<A HREF="options.html#'bufhidden'">'bufhidden'</A> what happens when the buffer is no longer displayed
in a <A HREF="#window">window</A>.
<A HREF="options.html#'buftype'">'buftype'</A> what kind of a buffer this is
<A HREF="options.html#'swapfile'">'swapfile'</A> whether the buffer will have a swap file
<A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> buffer shows up in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>
A few useful kinds of a buffer:
<A HREF="quickfix.html#quickfix">quickfix</A> Used to contain the error <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A> or the location <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. See
|<A HREF="quickfix.html#:cwindow">:cwindow</A>| and |<A HREF="quickfix.html#:lwindow">:lwindow</A>|. This command sets the <A HREF="options.html#'buftype'">'buftype'</A>
option to "<A HREF="quickfix.html#quickfix">quickfix</A>". You are not supposed to change this!
<A HREF="options.html#'swapfile'">'swapfile'</A> is off.
help Contains a help file. Will only be created with the |<A HREF="helphelp.html#:help">:help</A>|
command. The flag that indicates a help buffer is internal
and can't be changed. The <A HREF="options.html#'buflisted'">'buflisted'</A> option will be reset
for a help buffer.
terminal A terminal <A HREF="#window">window</A> buffer, see |<A HREF="terminal.html#terminal">terminal</A>|. The contents cannot
be read or changed until the <A HREF="channel.html#job">job</A> ends.
directory Displays directory contents. Can be used by a file explorer
<A HREF="usr_05.html#plugin">plugin</A>. The buffer is created with these settings:
<B> :setlocal buftype=nowrite</B>
<B> :setlocal bufhidden=delete</B>
<B> :setlocal noswapfile</B>
The buffer name is the name of the directory and is adjusted
when using the |<A HREF="editing.html#:cd">:cd</A>| command.
scratch Contains text that can be discarded at any time. It is kept
when closing the <A HREF="#window">window</A>, <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> must be deleted explicitly.
Settings:
<B> :setlocal buftype=nofile</B>
<B> :setlocal bufhidden=hide</B>
<B> :setlocal noswapfile</B>
The buffer name can be used to identify the buffer, if you
give <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> a meaningful name.
*<A NAME="unlisted-buffer"></A><B>unlisted-buffer</B>*
unlisted The buffer is not in the buffer <A HREF="eval.html#list">list</A>. It is not used for
normal editing, but to show a help file, remember a file name
or marks. The "<A HREF="#:bdelete">:bdelete</A>" command will also set this option,
thus <A HREF="motion.html#it">it</A> doesn't completely delete the buffer. Settings:
<B> :setlocal nobuflisted</B>
<A HREF="#top">top</A> - <A HREF="index.html">main help file</A>
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