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; Copyright (C) 2014, Regents of the University of Texas
; Written by Matt Kaufmann and Nathan Wetzler (original date March, 2014)
; License: A 3-clause BSD license.  See the LICENSE file distributed with ACL2.

;;; General comments:

;;; Lisp commenting conventions generally expect ";;;" at the start of a line,
;;; ";;" for indented comments, and ";" at the end of a line after code.  But J
;;; and I typically use ";" instead of ";;;" for the beginning of a line.
;;; Actually ";;" is kind of important to use instead of ";", in order for
;;; control-meta-q and <TAB> to work as expected in Emacs.  But I won't change
;;; any of these, since that would make your diff or (meta-x compare-windows)
;;; more awkward.

(in-package "ACL2")

(include-book "xdoc/top" :dir :system)

; Possible enhancements include:

; - Supporting a mode where the new event isn't actually submitted (as is
;   already done in the case of THM)

; - Taking advantage of the :OR feature of make-event to avoid repeated
;   evaluation in some cases

; - Using the :DO-PROOFS feature of make-event to ensure proper operation when
;   skipping proofs (e.g., calling rebuild)

; - Using the :EXPANSION? feature of make-event to avoid storing the make-event
;   expansion in the certificate, in the common case where no hypotheses are
;   eliminated

; - Further develop documentation, e.g., moving examples into it

; - Moving event destructuring out of remove-hyps to a separate function
;   (in analogy to event construction using make-defthm)

; - Support for other forms, such as defrule

; - Consider somehow reporting the correct prover-steps for the final defthm,
;   but still reporting the total prover-steps for the entire remove-hyps
;   invocation (as might be done now -- maybe figure that out and document
;   it).

; - Avoid generating ignorable declarations (search below for "ignorable") by
;   using source function translate-cmp, say, to see which variables are used.

;; ===================================================================

(defxdoc remove-hyps
  :parents (proof-automation debugging)
  :short "Macro for defining a theorem with a minimal set of hypotheses"
  :long "<p>For a call of @(tsee defthm), @(tsee defthmd), or @(tsee thm), the
 application of @('remove-hyps') results in a a minimal set of hypotheses.
 For example:</p>

 @({
 (remove-hyps
  (defthm nth-append
    (implies (and (true-listp x)
                  (natp n)
                  (true-listp y))
             (equal (nth n (append x y))
                    (if (< n (len x))
                        (nth n x)
                      (nth (- n (len x)) y))))
    :rule-classes nil))
 })

 <p>generates:</p>

 @({
 (DEFTHM NTH-APPEND
   (IMPLIES (NATP N)
            (EQUAL (NTH N (APPEND X Y))
                   (IF (< N (LEN X))
                       (NTH N X)
                     (NTH (- N (LEN X)) Y))))
   :RULE-CLASSES NIL)
 })

 <p>Acceptable forms are as follows, where @('HYP') can be a conjunction of
 hypotheses, @('(and HYP1 ... HYPn)'), and ``@('defthm NAME')'' may be
 replaced by ``@('defthmd NAME')'' or ``@('THM')''.</p>

 @({
 (defthm NAME (implies HYP CONCL) ...)
 (defthm NAME CONCL ...)
 (defthm NAME (let ... (implies HYP CONCL)) ...)
 (defthm NAME (let ... CONCL) ...)
 (defthm NAME (let* ... (implies HYP CONCL)) ...)
 (defthm NAME (let* ... CONCL) ...)
 })

 <p>Normally, before using @('remove-hyps'), one succesfully submits the given
 call of @('defthm'), @('defthmd'), or @('thm').  Thus by default,
 @('remove-hyps') evaluates silently.  To see output from proof attempts, add a
 non-nil optional argument.  For example, for event @('E'), use @('(remove-hyps
 E t)').</p>

 <p>Finally, note that when @('remove-hyps') is applied to a call of
 @('defthm') or @('defthmd'), then @('remove-hyps') will conclude by submitting
 the generated event to ACL2.  But since @('thm') does not modify the logical
 @(tsee world), @('remove-hyps') does not perform an extra such call at the end
 for calls of @('thm').</p>")


;; ===================================================================

;; We will be programming with state.
(set-state-ok t)
;; This is a utility and we do not wish to reason about termination.  Moreover,
;; if we were to put all the functions into :logic mode, then either we would
;; need to verify their guards or we would get slower performance (because of
;; the use of executable-counterpart functions).
(program)


;; ============================ HEURISTIC ============================

;; This function provides a limit on the number of steps for any derivative of
;; the original theorem.  We want to avoid a situation where removing some
;; hypothesis places the prover in a state where it is "out to lunch".  This
;; puts an upper bound on the number of prover steps (and hopefully time) the
;; remove-hyps tool will use.  The limit is rather arbitrary and there might
;; well be better limits to use.
(defun remove-hyps-formula-steps (steps)
  (+ 1000 (* 3 steps)))


;; ======================= DEFTHM CONSTRUCTION =======================

;; The dumb-implicate function constructs an "implication" based on a list of
;; hypotheses.  If there are no hypotheses, the result is simply the
;; conclusion.  If there is exactly one hypothesis, we don't need to splice in
;; an "and".  Finally, if there is more than one hypothesis, an "and" is used
;; to conjoin the hypotheses.
(defun dumb-implicate (hyps concl)
  (cond ((null hyps) concl)
        ((null (cdr hyps)) `(implies ,(car hyps) ,concl))
        (t `(implies (and ,@hyps) ,concl))))

;; This function creates a defthm event using the dumb-implicate function to
;; create the form.
(defun make-defthm (deft name hyps concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings)
  (let* ((form0 (dumb-implicate hyps concl))
         (form (if bindings
                   `(,let/let* ,bindings
                               (declare (ignorable ,@(strip-cars bindings)))
                               ,form0)
                 form0)))
    (if (null name)
        (assert$ (eq deft 'thm)
                 `(thm ,form ,@kwd-alist))
      `(,deft ,name ,form ,@kwd-alist))))


;; ======================== DEFTHM EXECUTION =========================

;; The event-steps function performs two tasks.  The first is testing a defthm
;; form for success/failure.  The second is calculating the number of prover
;; steps used in a successful event.  This function returns an error triple (mv
;; erp val state).  In the typical case, erp is nil; then if val is nil then
;; the event failed, and otherwise the event succeeded with val prover steps.
;; If erp is not nil, then all bets are off (but this should be rare).
(defun event-steps (form verbose-p extra-forms state)

; Extra-forms is a list of forms, possibly empty, where each evaluates to state
; and is to be evaluated only if form evaluates successfully.

  (let ((new-form
         ;; The progn will revert the state if one of the events fails, which we
         ;; guarantee with an ill-formed event (the defconst event below).
         `(with-output ; turn off output
            :stack :push
            :off :all
            :gag-mode nil
            (progn ; First set a state global variable to nil in case of failure.
              (make-event (pprogn (f-put-global 'our-steps nil state)
                                  (value '(value-triple nil))))
              ;; Execute the given form.
              ,(if verbose-p
                   `(with-output :stack :pop ,form)
                 form)
              ;; Record the number of prover steps used in the last event, if
              ;; it succeeded (otherwise we won't get this far).  Success could
              ;; involve no prover steps, so we record a number of steps that
              ;; is at least 1 (perhaps 0 would do, but we play it safe).
              (make-event (pprogn (f-put-global 'our-steps
                                                (or (last-prover-steps
                                                     state)
                                                    1)
                                                state)
                                  ,@extra-forms
                                  (value '(value-triple nil))))
              ;; Cause a failure by using an ill-formed defconst event.
              (defconst *bad*) ; Note the missing second argument!
              ))))
    (er-progn
; Evaluate the new form constructed above.
     (trans-eval new-form 'event-steps state t)
; Return the value stored in the global variable.
     (value (f-get-global 'our-steps state)))))


;; ====================== REMOVE-HYPS ALGORITHM ======================

;; The main procedure of remove-hyps.  This function takes a list of necessary
;; hypotheses (presumably reversed from the original order) and an additional
;; list of hypotheses, the second and third arguments respectively.  It recurs
;; through the "additional" list, accumulating into the "necessary" list those
;; "additional" hypotheses that are necessary, ultimately returning the reverse
;; of the accumulated list.
(defun remove-hyps-formula-1 (name rev-init-hyps rest-hyps concl kwd-alist
                                   let/let* bindings steps verbose-p state)

  (cond
   ; If there are no more hypotheses to test, then return the reverse of the
   ; necessary hypotheses.
   ((endp rest-hyps) (value (reverse rev-init-hyps)))
   ; Don't drop syntaxp or bind-free hypotheses.
   ((and (consp (car rest-hyps))
         (member-eq (caar rest-hyps)
                    '(syntaxp bind-free synp)))
    (remove-hyps-formula-1
     name
     (cons (car rest-hyps) rev-init-hyps)
     (cdr rest-hyps)
     concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings steps verbose-p state))
   ; Create a new form by appending the necessary hypotheses to the cdr of the
   ; additional hypotheses.  Evaluate the form, limiting the number of steps
   ; based on the heuristic above.  Then recur using the cdr of the additional
   ; hypotheses and with the list of necessary hypotheses perhaps extended, as
   ; follows: If evaluation of the form succeeds, then the car of the
   ; additional hypotheses is not necessary, so do not accumulate it into the
   ; necessary hypotheses; otherwise, accumulate it.
   (t (let ((form `(with-prover-step-limit
                    ,steps
                    ,(make-defthm 'defthm
                                  name
                                  (revappend rev-init-hyps (cdr rest-hyps))
                                  concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings))))
        ; Try the new event.
        (er-let* ((event-steps (event-steps form verbose-p nil state)))
          ; Recur with the cdr of the unknown hypotheses, but...
          (remove-hyps-formula-1
           name
           ; Modify the necessary hypotheses based on the result of the last
           ; event.
           (cond ((null event-steps) ; the removed hypothesis was necessary
                  (cons (car rest-hyps) rev-init-hyps))
                 (t rev-init-hyps))
           (cdr rest-hyps)
           concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings steps verbose-p state))))))

;; This function returns an error triple whose value, in the non-error case, is
;; a defthm form for the given hyps, concl, and kwd-alist -- except, hypotheses
;; may be removed from hyps to provide a form whose proof nevertheless succeeds.
(defun remove-hyps-formula (form name hyps concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings
                                 verbose-p ctx state)
  (let ((name2 (or name (gen-new-name 'remove-hyps-name (w state)))))
    ;; Try the original event and obtain the number of steps.
    (er-let* ((steps (event-steps (if name
                                      form
                                    (assert$ (eq (car form) 'thm)
                                             `(defthm ,name2 ,@(cdr form))))
                                  verbose-p nil state)))
      (cond
       ((null steps) ; The original event failed; so we simply fail.
        (er soft ctx
            "Original theorem failed!"))
       (t ; Else, call a recursive procedure to remove hypotheses.
        (er-let*
            ((final-hyps
              ;; Note that the second and third argument represent necessary and
              ;; additional hypotheses.  We start with an empty list of necessary
              ;; hypotheses and a full list of additional hypotheses.
              (remove-hyps-formula-1 name2
                                     nil hyps concl kwd-alist let/let*
                                     bindings
                                     (remove-hyps-formula-steps steps)
                                     verbose-p state)))
          (value (if (equal (length hyps) (length final-hyps))
                     nil ; no change
                   (make-defthm (car form) name final-hyps concl kwd-alist
                                let/let* bindings)))))))))

;; This function takes the original form and then calls remove-hyps-function to
;; create a new form with, potentially, fewer hypotheses.  A test is then
;; performed to see if any hypotheses were removed.  If so, the new form is
;; printed to the terminal.  Finally, after the form is printed, the new form
;; is submitted silently.  Note that form is essentially (defthm name (implies
;; hyps concl) . kwd-alist).
(defun remove-hyps-fn (form name hyps concl kwd-alist let/let* bindings
                            verbose-p)
  `(make-event
    ;; Obtain a new form with a minimal subset of the hypotheses.
    (er-let* ((new-form
               (remove-hyps-formula ',form ',name ',hyps ',concl ',kwd-alist
                                    ',let/let* ',bindings ',verbose-p
                                    'remove-hyps state))
              (thmp (value (eq (car new-form) 'thm))))
; Test the new form versus the old form.
      (pprogn (cond ((null new-form) ; no change
; If no hypotheses were removed, print this to the terminal.
                     (fms "Note: REMOVE-HYPS left its input unchanged.~|~@0"
                          (list (cons #\0
                                      (if thmp
                                          ""
                                        "Now silently submitting the original ~
                                         form.~|")))
                          (standard-co state) state nil))
; If some hypotheses were removed, print the new form.
                    (t (fms "New form from REMOVE-HYPS:~|~%~x0~|~%~@1"
                            (list (cons #\0 new-form)
                                  (cons #\1
                                        (if thmp
                                            ""
                                          "Now silently submitting the new ~
                                           form (above).~|")))
                            (standard-co state) state nil)))
; Now submit the new form with all output disabled.
              (value (if thmp
                         '(value-triple :invisible)
                       (list 'with-output
                             :off :all
                             :gag-mode t
                             (or new-form ',form))))))))

;; The remove-hyps macro takes a defthm (or defthmd or thm) form and attempts
;; to match the case based on the number of hypotheses.  Note that an error
;; occurs if the formula of the defthm is not an implication, perhaps within a
;; let or let*.
(defmacro remove-hyps (form &optional verbose-p)
  (or (and (consp form)
           (member-eq (car form) '(defthm defthmd thm))
           (mv-let
             (name form-without-name)
             (if (eq (car form) 'thm)
                 (mv nil (cdr form))
               (mv (cadr form) (cddr form)))
             (case-match form-without-name
               ((('implies hyp concl)
                 . kwd-alist)
                (let ((hyps (if (and (consp hyp)
                                     (eq (car hyp) 'and))
                                (cdr hyp)
                              (list hyp))))
                  (remove-hyps-fn form name hyps concl kwd-alist
                                  nil nil verbose-p)))
               (((let/let* bindings ('implies hyp concl))
                 . kwd-alist)
                (and (member-eq let/let* '(let let* b*))
                     (let ((hyps (if (and (consp hyp)
                                          (eq (car hyp) 'and))
                                     (cdr hyp)
                                   (list hyp))))
                       (remove-hyps-fn form name hyps concl kwd-alist
                                       let/let* bindings verbose-p))))
               (& nil))))
      `(er soft 'remove-hyps
           "Illegal argument to remove-hyps:~|~%~y0"
           ',form)))

;; Return to logic mode.
(logic)


;; ============================= EXAMPLE =============================

;; Include the arithmetic books for a theorem about nth.
(local (include-book "arithmetic/top" :dir :system))

;; Remove hyps from the nth-append defthm event and submit the reduced form.
(local
 (remove-hyps
  (defthm nth-append
    (implies (and (true-listp x)
                  (natp n)
                  (true-listp y))
             (equal (nth n (append x y))
                    (if (< n (len x))
                        (nth n x)
                      (nth (- n (len x)) y))))
    :rule-classes nil)))

;; Set enforce-redundancy so to ensure the next event has the same form as the
;; last event.
(set-enforce-redundancy t)

;; Resubmit the reduced event to demonstrate that it was produced by
;; remove-hyps.
(local
 (defthm nth-append
   (implies (natp n)
            (equal (nth n (append x y))
                   (if (< n (len x))
                       (nth n x)
                     (nth (- n (len x)) y))))
   :rule-classes nil))

; Here is a (rather dumb) variant where all the hypotheses are removed.

(set-enforce-redundancy nil)

(local
 (remove-hyps
  (defthm nth-append-alt
    (implies (and (true-listp x)
                  (natp n)
                  (true-listp y))
             (equal (nth n (append x y))
                    (if (not (natp n)) (car (append x y))
                      (if (< n (len x))
                          (nth n x)
                        (nth (- n (len x)) y)))))
    :rule-classes nil)))

(set-enforce-redundancy t)

;; Resubmit the reduced event to demonstrate that it was produced by
;; remove-hyps.
(local
 (defthm nth-append-alt
   (equal (nth n (append x y))
          (if (not (natp n)) (car (append x y))
            (if (< n (len x))
                (nth n x)
              (nth (- n (len x)) y))))
   :rule-classes nil))

(set-enforce-redundancy nil)

(local
 (remove-hyps
  (defthm nth-append-alt-2
    (let ((xx x))
      (implies (and (true-listp xx)
                    (natp n)
                    (true-listp y))
               (equal (nth n (append xx y))
                      (if (< n (len x))
                          (nth n x)
                        (nth (- n (len xx)) y)))))
    :hints (("Goal'" :induct t)))))

(set-enforce-redundancy t)

(local
 (defthm nth-append-alt-2
   (let ((xx x))
     (declare (ignorable xx))
     (implies (natp n)
              (equal (nth n (append xx y))
                     (if (< n (len x))
                         (nth n x)
                       (nth (- n (len xx)) y)))))
   :hints (("Goal'" :induct t))))