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)abbrev package NUMFMT NumberFormats
++ SMW March 88
++ Description:
++ NumberFormats provides function to format and read arabic and
++ roman numbers, to convert numbers to strings and to read
++ floating-point numbers.

NumberFormats() : SIG == CODE where

  PI ==> PositiveInteger
  I  ==> Integer
  C  ==> Character
  F  ==> Float
  S  ==> String
  V  ==> PrimitiveArray

  SIG ==> with

    FormatArabic : PI -> S
      ++ FormatArabic(n) forms an Arabic numeral
      ++ string from an integer n.

    ScanArabic : S -> PI
      ++ ScanArabic(s) forms an integer from an Arabic numeral string s.

    FormatRoman : PI -> S
      ++ FormatRoman(n) forms a Roman numeral string from an integer n.

    ScanRoman : S -> PI
      ++ ScanRoman(s) forms an integer from a Roman numeral string s.

    ScanFloatIgnoreSpaces : S -> F
      ++ ScanFloatIgnoreSpaces(s) forms a floating point number from
      ++ the string s ignoring any spaces. Error is generated if the
      ++ string is not recognised as a floating point number.

    ScanFloatIgnoreSpacesIfCan : S -> Union(F, "failed")
      ++ ScanFloatIgnoreSpacesIfCan(s) tries to form a floating point
      ++ number from the string s ignoring any spaces.

  CODE ==> add

        import SExpression
        import Symbol
        replaceD: C -> C
        replaced: C -> C
        contract: S -> S
        check: S ->Boolean

        replaceD c ==
          if c = char "D" then char "E" else c

        replaced c ==
          if c = char "d" then char "E" else c

        contract s ==
          s:= map(replaceD,s)
          s:= map(replaced,s)
          ls:List S := split(s,char " ")$String
          s:= concat ls

        check s ==
          NUMBERP(READ_-FROM_-STRING(s)$Lisp)$Lisp and
           -- if there is an "E" then there must be a "."
           -- this is not caught by code above
           -- also if the exponent is v.big the above returns false
           not (any?((c1:C):Boolean +-> c1=char "E",s) 
             and not any?((c2:C):Boolean +-> c2=char ".",s) )

        sexfloat:SExpression:=convert(coerce("Float")@Symbol)$SExpression
        ScanFloatIgnoreSpaces s ==
          s := contract s
          not check s => error "Non-numeric value"
          sex := interpret(ncParseFromString(s)$Lisp)$Lisp
          sCheck := car(car(sex))
          if (sCheck=sexfloat) = true then
             f := (cdr cdr sex) pretend Float
          else
             if integer?(cdr sex) = true then
                f := (cdr sex) pretend Integer
                f::F
             else
                error "Non-numeric value"

        ScanFloatIgnoreSpacesIfCan s ==
          s := contract s
          not check s => "failed"
          sex := interpret(ncParseFromString(s)$Lisp)$Lisp
          sCheck := car(car(sex))
          if (sCheck=sexfloat) = true then
             f := (cdr cdr sex) pretend Float
          else
             if integer?(cdr sex) = true then
                f := (cdr sex) pretend Integer
                f::F
             else
                "failed"

        units:V S :=
           construct ["","I","II","III","IV","V","VI","VII","VIII","IX"]
        tens :V S :=
           construct ["","X","XX","XXX","XL","L","LX","LXX","LXXX","XC"]
        hunds:V S :=
           construct ["","C","CC","CCC","CD","D","DC","DCC","DCCC","CM"]
        umin := minIndex units
        tmin := minIndex tens
        hmin := minIndex hunds
        romval:V I := new(256, -1)
        romval ord char(" ")$C := 0
        romval ord char("I")$C := 1
        romval ord char("V")$C := 5
        romval ord char("X")$C := 10
        romval ord char("L")$C := 50
        romval ord char("C")$C := 100
        romval ord char("D")$C := 500
        romval ord char("M")$C := 1000
        thou:C  := char "M"
        plen:C  := char "("
        pren:C  := char ")"
        ichar:C := char "I"

        FormatArabic n == PRINC_-TO_-STRING(n)$Lisp

        ScanArabic   s == PARSE_-INTEGER(s)$Lisp

        FormatRoman pn ==
            n := pn::Integer
            -- Units
            d := (n rem 10) + umin
            n := n quo 10
            s := units.d
            zero? n => s
            -- Tens
            d := (n rem 10) + tmin
            n := n quo 10
            s := concat(tens.d, s)
            zero? n => s
            -- Hundreds
            d := (n rem 10) + hmin
            n := n quo 10
            s := concat(hunds.d, s)
            zero? n => s
            -- Thousands
            d := n rem 10
            n := n quo 10
            s := concat(new(d::NonNegativeInteger, thou), s)
            zero? n => s
            -- Ten thousand and higher
            for i in 2.. while not zero? n repeat
                -- Coefficient of 10**(i+2)
                d := n rem 10
                n := n quo 10
                zero? d => "iterate"
                m0:String := concat(new(i,plen),concat("I",new(i,pren)))
                mm := concat([m0 for j in 1..d]$List(String))
                -- strictly speaking the blank is gratuitous
                if #s > 0 then s := concat(" ", s)
                s  := concat(mm, s)
            s

        -- ScanRoman
        --
        -- The Algorithm:
        --    Read number from right to left.  When the current
        --    numeral is lower in magnitude than the previous maximum
        --    then subtract otherwise add.
        --    Shift left and repeat until done.

        ScanRoman s ==
            s      := upperCase s
            tot: I := 0
            Max: I := 0
            i:   I := maxIndex s
            while i >= minIndex s repeat
                -- Read a single roman digit
                c := s.i; i := i-1
                n := romval ord c
                -- (I)=1000, ((I))=10000, (((I)))=100000, etc
                if n < 0 then
                    c ^= pren =>
                       error ["Improper character in Roman numeral: ",c]
                    nprens: PI := 1
                    while c = pren and i >= minIndex s repeat
                       c := s.i; i := i-1
                       if c = pren then nprens := nprens+1
                    c ^= ichar =>
                       error "Improper Roman numeral: (x)"
                    for k in 1..nprens while i >= minIndex s repeat
                       c := s.i; i := i-1
                       c ^= plen =>
                          error "Improper Roman numeral: unbalanced ')'"
                    n := 10**(nprens + 2)
                if n < Max then
                    tot := tot - n
                else
                    tot := tot + n
                    Max := n
            tot < 0 => error ["Improper Roman numeral: ", tot]
            tot::PI