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<h1>2.2. Find files</h1>
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<h2>Content</h2>
<dl>
<dt>1. <a href="#attributes">Searching for files with specific attributes</a></dt>
<dt>2. <a href="#advpattrn">Advanced patterns</a></dt>
<dt>3. <a href="#examples">Examples</a></dt>
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<h2><a name="attributes">1. Searching for files with specific attributes.</a></h2>
<p>To search for specific attributes you must enter a string pattern, which specifies which attributes are searched for, and if they should be enabled or disabled.</p>
<p>A single attribute is represented with the following format:</p>
<p><code><attribute>+</code> or <code><attribute>-</code></p>
<p>The plus sign means that the file must have that attribute set, a minus sign means that the file must not have that attribute set.</p>
<p>The various <tt><attribute></tt> identifiers are as follows:</p>
<table>
<tr class="rowcategorytitle"><th colspan="2">Attributes in WINDOWS</th></tr>
<tr class="rowsubtitle"><th class="namecolumn">Attribute letter</th><th class="categorydesccolumn">What it stands for</th></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">r</div></td><td class="hintcell">read only</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">a</div></td><td class="hintcell">archive</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">h</div></td><td class="hintcell">hidden</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">s</div></td><td class="hintcell">system</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">d</div></td><td class="hintcell">directory</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">l</div></td><td class="hintcell">symlink</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">t</div></td><td class="hintcell">temporary</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">p</div></td><td class="hintcell">sparse</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">c</div></td><td class="hintcell">compressed</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">e</div></td><td class="hintcell">encrypted</td></tr>
</table>
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<table>
<tr class="rowcategorytitle"><th colspan="2">Attributes in UNIX/LINUX (Permissions)</th></tr>
<tr class="rowsubtitle"><th class="namecolumn">Permissions letters</th><th class="categorydesccolumn">What it stands for</th></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">ur</div></td><td class="hintcell">user read</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">uw</div></td><td class="hintcell">user write</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">ux</div></td><td class="hintcell">user execute</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">gr</div></td><td class="hintcell">group read</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">gw</div></td><td class="hintcell">group write</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">gx</div></td><td class="hintcell">group execute</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">or</div></td><td class="hintcell">others read</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">ow</div></td><td class="hintcell">others write</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">ox</div></td><td class="hintcell">others execute</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">us</div></td><td class="hintcell">set user ID</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">gs</div></td><td class="hintcell">set group ID</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">sb</div></td><td class="hintcell">sticky bit</td></tr>
</table>
<BR>
<table>
<tr class="rowcategorytitle"><th colspan="2">Attributes in UNIX/LINUX (File Types)</th></tr>
<tr class="rowsubtitle"><th class="namecolumn">File Types letters</th><th class="categorydesccolumn">What it stands for</th></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">b</div></td><td class="hintcell">block</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">c</div></td><td class="hintcell">character</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">d</div></td><td class="hintcell">directory</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">f</div></td><td class="hintcell">fifo</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">l</div></td><td class="hintcell">symlink</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">r</div></td><td class="hintcell">regular</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">s</div></td><td class="hintcell">socket</td></tr>
</table>
<BR>
<p>In Unix/Linux you may also use octal representation of permissions. For example 0750 is the same as ur, uw, ux, gr and gx combined.</p>
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<h2>2. <a name="advpattrn">Advanced patterns</a></h2>
<p>Several attributes may be combined together with an AND relationship.</p>
<p>Just specify one pattern after another.</p>
<p>For example: <tt>r+s+h+</tt> matches files that have all three: read-only, hidden and system attributes set.</p>
<p>Furthermore, such groups of AND attributes may be combined together with an OR relationship.</p>
<p>This is done by using the "|" character (vertical bar). For example: <tt>r+|s+h+</tt> matches files that have either:</p>
<ul>
<li>read-only attribute set</li>
<li>both hidden and system attributes set.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is possible to negate AND sequences using "!" character specified at the start of the sequence.</p>
<p>For example: <tt>!r+s+h+</tt> matches files that don't have all three: read-only, hidden and system attributes set.</p>
<p>The matched file may have none, one or more of those attributes set, but not all of them.</p>
<p>Negation only applies to AND sequences, thus pattern <tt>!r+|!s+h+</tt> matches files that either:</p>
<ul>
<li>don't have read-only attribute set (the same as r-)</li>
<li>don't have both hidden and system attributes set.</li>
</ul>
<p>You cannot use parenthesis to separate sequences.</p>
<p class="navback"><a href="#topofpage">(back to top)</a></p>
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<div>
<h2>3. <a name="examples">Examples</a></h2>
<BR>
<table>
<tr class="rowcategorytitle"><th colspan="2">Example in Windows</th></tr>
<tr class="rowsubtitle"><th class="namecolumn">Examples letters</th><th class="categorydesccolumn">How it is interpreted</th></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">a+s-h-</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files that have archive attribute set and don't have neither system nor hidden attributes set</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">e+|c+</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files that are either compressed or encrypted (these are NTFS attributes)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">d-</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files but not directories</td></tr>
</table>
<BR>
<table>
<tr class="rowcategorytitle"><th colspan="2">Example in Unix/Linux</th></tr>
<tr class="rowsubtitle"><th class="namecolumn">Examples letters</th><th class="categorydesccolumn">How it is interpreted</th></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">uw+|gw+|ow+</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files that are writeable either by user, group or anybody else</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">222+</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files that are writeable by user, and by group, and by anybody else</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">d+ox+</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches directories that are accessible by anybody</td></tr>
<tr><td class="varcell"><div class="firstcolumnaleft">!700+</div></td><td class="hintcell">matches files that are not fully accessible to the user</td></tr>
</table>
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