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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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   <div id="projectname">GeographicLib
   &#160;<span id="projectnumber">1.49</span>
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<div class="title">Change log </div>  </div>
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<div class="textblock"><center> Back to <a class="el" href="highprec.html">Support for high precision arithmetic</a>. Up to <a class="el" href="index.html#contents">Contents</a>. </center><p>List of versions in reverse chronological order together with a brief list of changes. (Note: Old versions of the library use a year-month style of numbering. Now, the library uses a major and minor version number.) Recent versions of <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> are available at <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/geographiclib/files/distrib/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/geographiclib/files/distrib/</a>. Older versions are in <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/geographiclib/files/distrib/archive/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/geographiclib/files/distrib/archive/</a>.</p>
<p>The corresponding documentation for these versions is obtained by clicking on the &ldquo;Version <em>m.nn</em>&rdquo; links below. Some of the links in the documentation of older versions may be out of date (in particular the links for the source code will not work if the code has been migrated to the archive subdirectory). All the releases are available as tags &ldquo;r<em>m.nn</em>&rdquo; in the the "release" branch of the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/geographiclib/code/ci/release/tree/">git repository for GeographicLib</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.49">Version 1.49</a> (released 2017-10-05)<ul>
<li>Add the Enhanced Magnetic Model 2017, emm2017. This is valid for 2000 thru the end of 2021.</li>
<li>Avoid potential problems with the order of initializations in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GARS.html" title="Conversions for the Global Area Reference System (GARS) ">GARS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html" title="Conversions for geohashes. ">Geohash</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Georef.html" title="Conversions for the World Geographic Reference System (georef) ">Georef</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html" title="Ordnance Survey grid system for Great Britain. ">OSGB</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalEngine.html" title="The evaluation engine for SphericalHarmonic. ">SphericalEngine</a>; this only would have been an issue if <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> objects were instantiated globally. Now no <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> initialization code should be run prior to the entry of <a class="el" href="CartConvert_8cpp.html#a814244b02f6701fd8ead246678bb3dae">main()</a>.</li>
<li>To support the previous fix, add an overload, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#ae068d1c85447991ad7d4d26268578a8b">Utility::lookup(const char* s, char c)</a>.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html#a7d4725fb3b31ac575169b5f92ff3407b">NearestNeighbor::Search</a> throws an error if <em>pts</em> is the wrong size (instead of merely returning no results).</li>
<li>Use complex arithmetic for Clenshaw sums in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a> and tranmerc_{fwd,inv}.m.</li>
<li>Changes in cmake support:<ul>
<li>fix compiler flags for GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION = 4;</li>
<li>add CONVERT_WARNINGS_TO_ERRORS option (default OFF), if ON then compiler warnings are treated as errors.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix warnings about implicit conversions of doubles to bools in C++, C, and JavaScript packages.</li>
<li>Binary installers for Windows now use Visual Studio 14 2015.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.48">Version 1.48</a> (released 2017-04-09)<ul>
<li>The "official" URL for <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> is now <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io">https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io</a> (instead of <a href="http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net">http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net</a>).</li>
<li>The default range for longitude and azimuth is now (&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;], instead of [&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;). This was already the case for the C++ library; now the change has been made to the other implementations (C, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, Python, MATLAB, and Maxima).</li>
<li>Changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html" title="Nearest-neighbor calculations. ">NearestNeighbor</a>:<ul>
<li>fix BUG in reading a <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html" title="Nearest-neighbor calculations. ">NearestNeighbor</a> object from a stream which sometimes incorrectly caused a "Bad index" exception to be thrown;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html#a69d2039bfcb0a152e518598e647a3e82">NearestNeighbor::operator&lt;&lt;</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html#a64d88b84c352a97a7f3bd56509008a37">NearestNeighbor::operator&gt;&gt;</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html#ae25bcd8f7147d54e2fb79c7f748cf6aa">NearestNeighbor::swap</a>, <a class="el" href="namespacestd.html#a737df319ce79fda0ba311bb8d437ad85">std::swap</a>(<a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html" title="Nearest-neighbor calculations. ">GeographicLib::NearestNeighbor</a>&amp;, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html" title="Nearest-neighbor calculations. ">GeographicLib::NearestNeighbor</a>&amp;);</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Additions to the documentation:<ul>
<li>add documentation on <a class="el" href="nearest.html">Finding nearest neighbors</a>;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="normalgravity.html">Normal gravity</a> documentation is now on its own page and now has an illustrative figure;</li>
<li>document the <a class="el" href="auxlat.html#auxlaterror">Truncation errors</a> in the series for auxiliary latitudes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix BUGS in MATLAB function geodreckon with mixed scalar and array arguments.</li>
<li>Workaround bug in math.fmod for Python 2.7 on 32-bit Windows machines.</li>
<li>Changes in cmake support:<ul>
<li>add USE_BOOST_FOR_EXAMPLES option (default OFF), if ON search for Boost libraries for building examples;</li>
<li>add APPLE_MULTIPLE_ARCHITECTURES option (default OFF), if ON build for both i386 and x86_64 on Mac OS X systems;</li>
<li>don't add flag for C++11 for g++ 6.0 (since it's not needed).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix compiler warnings with Visual Studio 2017 and for the C library.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.47">Version 1.47</a> (released 2017-02-15)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NearestNeighbor.html" title="Nearest-neighbor calculations. ">NearestNeighbor</a> class.</li>
<li>Improve accuracy of area calculation (fixing a flaw introduced in version 1.46); fix applied in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicExact.html" title="Exact geodesic calculations. ">GeodesicExact</a>, and the implementations in C, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, Python, MATLAB, and Maxima.</li>
<li>Generalize <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html" title="The normal gravity of the earth. ">NormalGravity</a> to allow oblate and prolate ellipsoids. As a consequence a new form of constructor, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html#abb933e1ae223153a2b636e728ba698ca">NormalGravity::NormalGravity</a>, has been introduced and the old form is now <b>deprecated</b> (and because the signatures of the two constructors are similar, the compiler will warn about the use of the old one).</li>
<li>Changes in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a> class:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#ab24f0d4b506c030c1d4804e05028d3c7">Math::sincosd</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a8901c693dc6770dee85af53d05254461">Math::sind</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#adc45b2d84af7087747e53512d64a7f5f">Math::cosd</a> only return &minus;0 for the case sin(&minus;0);</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a6971d53ec2411130ebd7e365c7ba2fbf">Math::atan2d</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a0747900a12e92222bb016e114eafe7ee">Math::AngNormalize</a> return results in (&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;]; this may affect the longitudes and azimuth returned by several other functions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#a59471d580b22c61e5246d4a014dd6938">Utility::trim()</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#a6c82f5c50551e284affcc602ac810774">Utility::val&lt;T&gt;()</a>; <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#aa35f1f83c0543558a79b3cf42ddf50c8">Utility::num&lt;T&gt;()</a> is now <b>deprecated</b>.</li>
<li>Changes in cmake support:<ul>
<li>remove support of PACKAGE_PATH and INSTALL_PATH in cmake configuration;</li>
<li>fix to FindGeographicLib.cmake to make it work on Debian systems;</li>
<li>use $&lt;TARGET_PDB_FILE:tgt&gt; (cmake version &ge; 3.1);</li>
<li>use NAMESPACE for exported targets;</li>
<li>geographiclib-config.cmake exports GEOGRAPHICLIB_DATA, GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION, and GeographicLib_HIGHPREC_LIBRARIES.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add pkg-config support for cmake and autoconf builds.</li>
<li>Minor fixes:<ul>
<li>fix the order of declarations in C library, incorporating the patches in version 1.46.1;</li>
<li>fix the packaging of the Python library, incorporating the patches in version 1.46.3;</li>
<li>restrict junit dependency in the Java package to testing scope (thanks to Mick Killianey);</li>
<li>various behind-the-scenes fixes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html" title="Elliptic integrals and functions. ">EllipticFunction</a>;</li>
<li>fix documentation and default install location for Windows binary installers;</li>
<li>fix clang compiler warnings in GeodesicExactC4 and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.46">Version 1.46</a> (released 2016-02-15)<ul>
<li>The following BUGS have been fixed:<ul>
<li>the -w flag to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter(1)</a> was being ignored;</li>
<li>in the Java package, the wrong longitude was being returned with direct geodesic calculation with a negative distance when starting point was at a pole (this bug was introduced in version 1.44);</li>
<li>in the JavaScript package, PolygonArea.TestEdge contained a misspelling of a variable name and other typos (problem found by threepointone).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>INCOMPATIBLE CHANGES:<ul>
<li>make the -w flag (to swap the default order of latitude and longitude) a toggle for all <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a>;</li>
<li>the -a option to <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve(1)</a> now toggles (instead of sets) arc mode;</li>
<li>swap order <em>coslon</em> and <em>sinlon</em> arguments in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CircularEngine.html" title="Spherical harmonic sums for a circle. ">CircularEngine</a> class.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Remove deprecated functionality:<ul>
<li>remove gradient calculation from the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> class and <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval(1)</a> (this was inaccurate and of dubious utility);</li>
<li>remove reciprocal flattening functions, InverseFlattening in many classes and Constants::WGS84_r(); stop treating flattening &gt; 1 as the reciprocal flattening in constructors;</li>
<li>remove DMS::Decode(string), DMS::DecodeFraction, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html" title="Elliptic integrals and functions. ">EllipticFunction</a>:m, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html" title="Elliptic integrals and functions. ">EllipticFunction</a>:m1, Math::extradigits, Math::AngNormalize2, PolygonArea::TestCompute;</li>
<li>stop treating LONG_NOWRAP as an alias for LONG_UNROLL in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> (and related classes) and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html" title="Solve of the direct and inverse rhumb problems. ">Rhumb</a>;</li>
<li>stop treating full/schmidt as aliases for FULL/SCHMIDT in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalEngine.html" title="The evaluation engine for SphericalHarmonic. ">SphericalEngine</a> (and related classes);</li>
<li>remove qmake project file src/GeographicLib.pro because QtCreator can handle cmake projects now;</li>
<li>remove deprecated Visual Studio 2005 project and solution files.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLineExact.html" title="An exact geodesic line. ">GeodesicLineExact</a> classes; these changes (1) simplify the process of computing waypoints on a geodesic given two endpoints and (2) allow a <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> to be defined which is consistent with the solution of the inverse problem (in particular <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a408e271cc0254bb6c3ee4fa68bf61aa8">Geodesic::InverseLine</a> the specification of south-going lines which pass the poles in a westerly direction by setting sin &alpha;<sub>1</sub> = &minus;0):<ul>
<li>the class stores the distance <em>s13</em> and arc length <em>a13</em> to a reference point 3; by default these quantities are NaNs;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#ac1b28fa4e2597b75fc9e92ccc689d1a4">GeodesicLine::SetDistance</a> (and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#a1db6278fa0c55c1e6973b0b9cc9bdd13">GeodesicLine::SetArc</a>) specify the distance (and arc length) to point 3;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#a4d6ff75cdfba09b897df748d719f23a5">GeodesicLine::Distance</a> (and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#a8dd81b7fb90c787c98e5c95cf496def0">GeodesicLine::Arc</a>) return the distance (and arc length) to point 3;</li>
<li>new methods <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a408e271cc0254bb6c3ee4fa68bf61aa8">Geodesic::InverseLine</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#ad1cb41fc92ce6e2f93f02c0ab079e723">Geodesic::DirectLine</a> return a <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> with the reference point 3 defined as point 2 of the corresponding geodesic calculation;</li>
<li>these changes are also included in the C, Java, JavaScript, and Python packages.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Other changes to the geodesic routines:<ul>
<li>more accurate solution of the inverse problem when longitude difference is close to 180&deg; (also in C, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, Python, MATLAB, and Maxima packages);</li>
<li>more accurate calculation of lon2 in the inverse calculation with LONG_UNROLL (also in Java, JavaScript, Python packages).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve(1)</a> utility:<ul>
<li>the -I and -D options now specify geodesic line calculation via the standard inverse or direct geodesic problems;</li>
<li>rename -l flag to -L to parallel the new -I and -D flags (-l is is retained for backward compatibility but is <b>deprecated</b>), and similarly for <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">RhumbSolve(1)</a>;</li>
<li>the -F flag (in conjunction with the -I or -D flags) specifies that distances read on standard input are fractions of <em>s13</em> or <em>a13</em>;</li>
<li>the -a option now toggles arc mode (noted above);</li>
<li>the -w option now toggles longitude first mode (noted above).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a> class:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a3e0cec0caba6db348364428883e49b7f">Math::copysign</a> added;</li>
<li>add overloaded version of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#af3e7155c1c7a79b4012cca8c47932246">Math::AngDiff</a> which returns the error in the difference. This allows a more accurate treatment of inverse geodesic problem when <em>lon12</em> is close to 180&deg;;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#acf9a200b1eccf392b8a527fcafae1497">Math::AngRound</a> now converts tiny negative numbers to &minus;0 (instead of +0), however &minus;0 is still converted to +0.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add -S and -T options to <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert(1)</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/">Sphinx</a> documentation for Python package.</li>
<li>Samples of wrapping the C++ library, so it's accessible in other languages, are given in <code>wrapper/C</code>, <code>wrapper/python</code>, and <code>wrapper/matlab</code>.</li>
<li>Binary installers for Windows now use Visual Studio 12 2013.</li>
<li>Remove top-level pom.xml from release (it was specific to SRI).</li>
<li>A reminder: because of the JavaScript changes introduced in version 1.45, you should remove the following installation directories from your system:<ul>
<li>Windows: ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/doc/scripts</li>
<li>Others: ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/doc/GeographicLib/scripts</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.45">Version 1.45</a> (released 2015-09-30)<ul>
<li>Fix BUG in solution of inverse geodesic caused by misbehavior of some versions of Visual Studio on Windows (fmod(&minus;0.0, 360.0) returns +0.0 instead of &minus;0.0) and Octave (sind(&minus;0.0) returns +0.0 instead of &minus;0.0). These bugs were exposed because max(&minus;0.0, +0.0) returns &minus;0.0 for some languages.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> now correctly returns NaNs if one of the latitudes is a NaN.</li>
<li>Changes to JavaScript package:<ul>
<li>thanks to help from Yurij Mikhalevich, it is a now a <a href="https://nodejs.org">node</a> package that can be installed with <a href="https://www.npmjs.com">npm</a>;</li>
<li>make install now installs the node package in <code>lib/node_modules/geographiclib</code>;</li>
<li>add unit tests using mocha;</li>
<li>add documentation via <a href="http://usejsdoc.org">JSDoc</a>;</li>
<li>fix bug Geodesic.GenInverse (this bug, introduced in version 1.44, resulted in the wrong azimuth being reported for points at the pole).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to Java package:<ul>
<li>add implementation of ellipsoidal <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Gnomonic.html" title="Gnomonic projection ">Gnomonic</a> projection (courtesy of Sebastian Mattheis);</li>
<li>add unit tests using JUnit;</li>
<li>Math.toRadians and Math.toDegrees are used instead of GeoMath.degree (which is now removed), as a result&hellip;</li>
<li>Java version 1.2 (released 1998-12) or later is now required.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to Python package:<ul>
<li>add unit tests using the unittest framework;</li>
<li>fixed bug in normalization of the area.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to MATLAB package:<ul>
<li>fix array size mismatch in geoddistance by avoiding calls to subfunctions with zero-length arrays;</li>
<li>fix tranmerc_{fwd,inv} so that they work with arrays and mixed array/scalar arguments;</li>
<li>work around Octave problem which causes mgrs_fwd to return garbage with prec = 10 or 11;</li>
<li>add geographiclib_test.m to run a test suite.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Behavior of substituting 1/<em>f</em> for <em>f</em> if <em>f</em> &gt; 1 is now <b>deprecated</b>. This behavior has been removed from the JavaScript, C, and Python implementations (it was never documented). Maxima, MATLAB, and Fortran implementations never included this behavior.</li>
<li>Other changes:<ul>
<li>fix bug, introduced in version 1.42, in the C++ implementation to the computation of area which causes NaNs to be returned in the case of a sphere;</li>
<li>fixed bug, introduced in version 1.44, in the detection of C++11 math functions in configure.ac;</li>
<li>throw error on non-convergence in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Gnomonic.html#afb245d6331a07bf862c87b61b0f85377">Gnomonic::Reverse</a> if GEOGRAPHICLIB_PRECISION &gt; 3;</li>
<li>add geod_polygon_clear to C library;</li>
<li>turn illegal latitudes into NaNs for Fortran library;</li>
<li>add test suites for the C and Fortran libraries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.44">Version 1.44</a> (released 2015-08-14)<ul>
<li>Various changes to improve accuracy, e.g., by minimizing round-off errors:<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#ab24f0d4b506c030c1d4804e05028d3c7">Math::sincosd</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a8901c693dc6770dee85af53d05254461">Math::sind</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#adc45b2d84af7087747e53512d64a7f5f">Math::cosd</a> which take their arguments in degrees. These functions do exact range reduction and thus they obey exactly the elementary properties of the trigonometric functions, e.g., sin 9&deg; = cos 81&deg; = &minus; sin 123456789&deg;.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a0747900a12e92222bb016e114eafe7ee">Math::AngNormalize</a> now works for any angles, instead of angles in the range [&minus;540&deg;, 540&deg;); the function Math::AngNormalize2 is now <b>deprecated</b>.</li>
<li>This means that there is now no restriction on longitudes and azimuths; any values can be used.</li>
<li>Improve the accuracy of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a6971d53ec2411130ebd7e365c7ba2fbf">Math::atan2d</a>.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> avoids unnecessary round-off errors; thus 7:33:36 and 7.56 result in identical values. <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac0eeff1b7c77352d9fd22e34959a7dcc">DMS::Encode</a> rounds ties to even. These changes have also been made to DMS.js.</li>
<li>More accurate rounding in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a066b79e78cd85bf4b50df50808bed7e3">MGRS::Reverse</a> and mgrs_inv.m; this change only makes a difference at sub-meter precisions.</li>
<li>With <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a91de10ebde478dbb85b3c7d057ff97b9">MGRS::Forward</a> and mgrs_fwd.m, ensure that digits in lower precision results match those at higher precision; as a result, strings of trailing 9s are less likely to be generated. This change only makes a difference at sub-meter precisions.</li>
<li>Replace the series for <em>A</em><sub>2</sub> in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> class with one with smaller truncation errors.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> sets <em>s12</em> to zero for coincident points at pole (instead of returning a tiny quantity).</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a1f1f676c013a1c7a7493354e4140a521">Math::LatFix</a> returns its argument if it is in [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;]; if not, it returns NaN.</li>
<li>Using <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a1f1f676c013a1c7a7493354e4140a521">Math::LatFix</a>, routines which don't check their arguments now interpret a latitude outside the legal range of [&minus;90&deg;, 90&deg;] as a NaN; such routines will return NaNs instead of finite but incorrect results; <b>caution</b>: code that (dangerously) relied on the "reasonable" results being returned for values of the latitude outside the allowed range will now malfunction.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>All the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a> accept the -w option to swap the latitude-longitude order on input and output (and where appropriate on the command-line arguments). CartConvert now accepts the -p option to set the precision; now all of the utilities except GeoidEval accept -p.</li>
<li>Add classes for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GARS.html" title="Conversions for the Global Area Reference System (GARS) ">GARS</a>, the Global Area Reference System, and for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Georef.html" title="Conversions for the World Geographic Reference System (georef) ">Georef</a>, the World Geographic Reference System.</li>
<li>Changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> and DMS.js:<ul>
<li>tighten up the rules:<ul>
<li>30:70.0 and 30:60 are illegal (minutes and second must be strictly less than 60), however</li>
<li>30:60.0 and 30:60. are legal (floating point 60 is OK, since it might have been generated by rounding 59.99&hellip;);</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>generalize a+b concept, introduced in version 1.42, to any number of pieces; thus 8+0:40-0:0:10 is interpreted as 8:39:50.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Documentation fixes:<ul>
<li>update man pages to refer to <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert(1)</a> on handling of geographic coordinates;</li>
<li>document limitations of the series used for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>;</li>
<li>hide the documentation of the computation of the gradient of the geoid height (now <b>deprecated</b>) in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> class;</li>
<li>warn about the possible misinterpretation of 7.0E+1 by <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a>;</li>
<li><em>swaplatlong</em> optional argument of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac53465a8c059943ae790a0433c1b78c5">DMS::DecodeLatLon</a> and various functions in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html" title="Conversion between geographic coordinates. ">GeoCoords</a> class is now called <em>longfirst</em>;</li>
<li>require Doxygen 1.8.7 or later.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>More systematic treatment of version numbers:<ul>
<li>Python: __init__.py defines __version__ and __version_info__;</li>
<li>JavaScript:<ul>
<li>Math.js defines Constants.version and Constants.version_string;</li>
<li>version number included as comment in packed script geographiclib.js;</li>
<li><a href="../scripts/geod-calc.html">geod-calc.html</a> and <a href="../scripts/geod-google.html">geod-google.html</a> report the version number;</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/scripts/">https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/scripts/</a> gives access to earlier versions of geographiclib.js as geographiclib-<em>m.nn</em>.js;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fortran: add geover subroutine to return version numbers;</li>
<li>Maxima: geodesic.mac defines geod_version;</li>
<li>CGI scripts: these report the version numbers of the utilities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>BUG FIXES:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html" title="The normal gravity of the earth. ">NormalGravity</a> now works properly for a sphere (<em>omega</em> = <em>f</em> = <em>J2</em> = 0), instead of returning NaNs (problem found by htallon);</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html#af240875ac77c58b4798b636843660351">CassiniSoldner::Forward</a> and cassini_fwd.m now returns the correct azimuth for points at the pole.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>MATLAB-specific fixes:<ul>
<li>mgrs_fwd now treats treats prec &gt; 11 as prec = 11;</li>
<li>illegal letter combinations are now correctly detected by mgrs_inv;</li>
<li>fixed bug where mgrs_inv returned the wrong results for prec = 0 strings and center = 0;</li>
<li>mgrs_inv now decodes prec = 11 strings properly;</li>
<li>routines now return array results with the right shape;</li>
<li>routines now properly handle mixed scalar and array arguments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Accumulator.html#ac968bf539718c63198d3207f186abd5d">Accumulator&lt;T&gt;::operator*=(T y)</a>.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html" title="Conversions for geohashes. ">Geohash</a> uses "invalid" instead of "nan" when the latitude or longitude is a nan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.43">Version 1.43</a> (released 2015-05-23)<ul>
<li>Add the Enhanced Magnetic Model 2015, emm2015. This is valid for 2000 thru the end of 2019. This required some changes in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s magnetic field. ">MagneticModel</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticCircle.html" title="Geomagnetic field on a circle of latitude. ">MagneticCircle</a> classes; so this model cannot be used with versions of <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> prior to 1.43.</li>
<li>Fix BLUNDER in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html" title="Polar stereographic projection. ">PolarStereographic</a> constructor introduced in version 1.42. This affected <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a> conversions for UPS which could be incorrect by up to 0.5 km.</li>
<li>Changes in the LONG_NOWRAP option (added in version 1.39) in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> classes:<ul>
<li>The option is now called LONG_UNROLL (a less negative sounding term); the original name, LONG_NOWRAP, is retained for backwards compatibility.</li>
<li>There were two bad BUGS in the implementation of this capability: (a)&#160;it gave <em>incorrect</em> results for west-going geodesics; (b)&#160;the option was <em>ignored</em> if used directly via the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> class. The first bug affected the implementations in all languages. The second affected the implementation in C++ (<a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLineExact.html" title="An exact geodesic line. ">GeodesicLineExact</a>), JavaScript, Java, C, Python. These bugs have now been FIXED.</li>
<li>The <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve</a> utility now accepts a -u option, which turns on the LONG_UNROLL treatment. With this option <code>lon1</code> is reported as entered and <code>lon2</code> is given such that <code>lon2</code> &minus; <code>lon1</code> indicates how often and in what sense the geodesic has encircled the earth. (This option also affects the value of longitude reported when an inverse calculation is run with the -f option.)</li>
<li>The inverse calculation with the JavaScript and Python libraries similarly sets <code>lon1</code> and <code>lon2</code> in output dictionary respecting the LONG_UNROLL flag.</li>
<li>The online version of <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/GeodSolve">GeodSolve</a> now offers an option to unroll the longitude.</li>
<li>To support these changes <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac53465a8c059943ae790a0433c1b78c5">DMS::DecodeLatLon</a> no longer reduces the longitude to the range [&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;) and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#acf9a200b1eccf392b8a527fcafae1497">Math::AngRound</a> now coverts &minus;0 to +0.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#acb9c37659884cd544e004da2224c0ce3">Math::polyval</a> (also to C, Java, JavaScript, Fortran, Python versions of the library; this is a built-in function for MATLAB/Octave). This evaluates a polynomial using Horner's method. The Maxima-generated code fragments for the evaluation of series in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html" title="Solve of the direct and inverse rhumb problems. ">Rhumb</a> classes and MATLAB routines for great ellipses have been replaced by Maxima-generated arrays of polynomial coefficients which are used as input to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#acb9c37659884cd544e004da2224c0ce3">Math::polyval</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a588fe3266629e9f34ada26837c179c7e">MGRS::Check()</a> to verify that <em>a</em>, <em>f</em>, <em>k</em><sub>UTM</sub>, and <em>k</em><sub>UPS</sub> are consistent with the assumptions in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a> classes. This is invoked with <code>GeoConvert --version</code>. (This function was added to document and check the assumptions used in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a> classes in case they are extended to deal with ellipsoids other than WS84.)</li>
<li>MATLAB function mgrs_inv now takes an optional <em>center</em> argument and strips white space from both beginning and end of the string.</li>
<li>Minor internal changes:<ul>
<li>GeodSolve sets the geodesic mask so that unnecessary calculations are avoided;</li>
<li>some routines have migrated into a math class for the Python, Java, and JavaScript libraries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A reminder: because of changes in the installation directories for non-Windows systems introduced in version 1.42, you should remove the following directories from your system:<ul>
<li>${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/cmake/GeographicLib*</li>
<li>${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/GeographicLib/matlab</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.42">Version 1.42</a> (released 2015-04-28)<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> allows a single addition or subtraction operation, e.g., 70W+0:0:15. This affects the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html" title="Conversion between geographic coordinates. ">GeoCoords</a> class and the utilities (which use the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> class for reading coordinates).</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a4cece6c55a1a90d252a0ed7337421ba0">Math::norm</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#acf9a200b1eccf392b8a527fcafae1497">Math::AngRound</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a841898c5ca84751e5aace698946be030">Math::tand</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a6971d53ec2411130ebd7e365c7ba2fbf">Math::atan2d</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#ae6cccb014271d336259af704e1dfc04f">Math::eatanhe</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#abdf27c10f020c6c929f6c94bea666e40">Math::taupf</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a839a75b3577c7be9bc04fe06d8c654fd">Math::tauf</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#ace73342df49a32ae1b7f06b570bce9db">Math::fma</a> and remove duplicated (but private) functionality from other classes.</li>
<li>On non-Windows systems, the cmake config-style find_package files are now installed under ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib${LIB_SUFFIX} instead of ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share, because the files are architecture-specific. This change will let 32-bit and 64-bit versions coexist on the same machine (in lib and lib64). You should remove the versions in the old "share" location.</li>
<li>MATLAB changes:<ul>
<li>provide native MATLAB implementations for compiled interface functions, see <a class="el" href="other.html#matlab">MATLAB and Octave implementations</a>;</li>
<li>the compiled MATLAB interface is now <b>deprecated</b> and so the MATLAB_COMPILER option in the cmake build has been removed;</li>
<li>reorganize directories, so that<ul>
<li>matlab/geographiclib contains the native matlab code;</li>
<li>matlab/geographiclib-legacy contains wrapper functions to mimic the previous compiled functionality;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>the installed MATLAB code mirrors this layout, but the parent installation directory on non-Windows systems is ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share (instead of ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec), because the files are now architecture independent;</li>
<li>matlab/geographiclib is now packaged and distributed as MATLAB File Exchange package <a href="https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/50605">50605</a> (this supersedes three earlier MATLAB packages);</li>
<li>point fix for geodarea.m to correct bug in area of polygons which encircle a pole multiple times (released as version 1.41.1 of MATLAB File Exchange package 39108, 2014-04-22).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>artifactId for Java package changed from <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> to GeographicLib-Java and the package is now deployed to Maven Central (thanks to Chris Bennight for help on this).</li>
<li>Fix autoconf mismatch of version numbers (which were inconsistent in versions 1.40 and 1.41).</li>
<li>Mark the computation of the gradient of the geoid height in the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> class and the <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> utility as <b>deprecated</b>.</li>
<li>Work around the boost-quadmath bug with setprecision(0).</li>
<li>Deprecate use of Visual Studio 2005 "-vc8" project files in the windows directory.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.41">Version 1.41</a> (released 2015-03-09)<ul>
<li>Fix bug in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html#a774a9548b62c1eae08fe39fa5f2595a0">Rhumb::Inverse</a> (with <em>exact</em> = true) and related functions which causes the wrong distance to be reported if one of the end points is at a pole. Thanks to Thomas Murray for reporting this.</li>
<li>Add International Geomagnetic Reference Field (12th generation), which approximates the main magnetic field of the earth for the period 1900&ndash;2020.</li>
<li>Split information about <a class="el" href="jacobi.html">Jacobi's conformal projection</a> to a separate section and include more material.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.40">Version 1.40</a> (released 2014-12-18)<ul>
<li>Add the World Magnetic Model 2015, wmm2015. This is now the default magnetic model for <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a> (replacing wmm2010 which is valid thru the end of 2014).</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> didn't return NaN if one of the longitudes was a NaN (bug introduced in version 1.25). Fixed in the C++, Java, JavaScript, C, Fortran, and Python implementations of the geodesic routines. This bug was not present in the MATLAB version.</li>
<li>Fix bug in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#a23e88040ceb60bd3fe28efc04f9119f8">Utility::readarray</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#a276eb20ace49c5260e1878c7d8aefd31">Utility::writearray</a> which caused an exception in debug mode with zero-sized arrays.</li>
<li>Fix BLUNDER in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html#a0a79e8f2babae1eb0305a0e728fea8c8">OSGB::GridReference</a> (found by kalderami) where the wrong result was returned if the easting or northing was negative.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html#a0a79e8f2babae1eb0305a0e728fea8c8">OSGB::GridReference</a> now returns "INVALID" if either coordinate is NaN. Similarly a grid reference starting with "IN" results in NaNs for the coordinates.</li>
<li>Default constructor for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html" title="Conversion between geographic coordinates. ">GeoCoords</a> corresponds to an undefined position (latitude and longitude = NaN), instead of the north pole.</li>
<li>Add an online version of <a href="RhumbSolve.1.html">RhumbSolve</a> at <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/RhumbSolve">https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/RhumbSolve</a>.</li>
<li>Additions to the documentation:<ul>
<li>documentation on <a class="el" href="triaxial.html#triaxial-conformal">Jacobi's conformal projection</a>;</li>
<li>a page on <a class="el" href="auxlat.html">Auxiliary latitudes</a> (actually, this was added in version 1.39);</li>
<li>document the use of two single quotes to stand for a double quote in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> (this feature was introduced in version 1.13).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The MATLAB function, geographiclibinterface, which compiles the wrapper routines for MATLAB now works with MATLAB on a Mac.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.39">Version 1.39</a> (released 2014-11-11)<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> usually normalizes longitudes to the range [&minus;180&deg;, 180&deg;). However, when solving the direct geodesic and rhumb line problems, it is sometimes necessary to know how many lines the line encircled the earth by returning the longitude "unwrapped". So the following changes have been made:<ul>
<li>add a LONG_NOWRAP flag to <em>mask</em> enums for the <em>outmask</em> arguments for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html" title="Solve of the direct and inverse rhumb problems. ">Rhumb</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1RhumbLine.html" title="Find a sequence of points on a single rhumb line. ">RhumbLine</a>;</li>
<li>similar changes have been made to the Python, JavaScript, and Java implementations of the geodesic routines;</li>
<li>for the C, Fortran, and MATLAB implementations the <em>arcmode</em> argument to the routines was generalized to allow a combination of ARCMODE and LONG_NOWRAP bits;</li>
<li>the Maxima version now returns the longitude unwrapped.</li>
</ul>
These changes were necessary to fix the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolygonAreaT.html#ac63406e34b34a4fe40c9e0aecf31e10c">PolygonAreaT::AddEdge</a> (see the next item).</li>
<li>Changes in area calculations:<ul>
<li>fix BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolygonAreaT.html#ac63406e34b34a4fe40c9e0aecf31e10c">PolygonAreaT::AddEdge</a> (also in C, Java, JavaScript, and Python implementations) which sometimes causes the wrong area to be returned if the edge spanned more than 180&deg;;</li>
<li>add area calculation to the <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html" title="Solve of the direct and inverse rhumb problems. ">Rhumb</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1RhumbLine.html" title="Find a sequence of points on a single rhumb line. ">RhumbLine</a> classes and the <a href="RhumbSolve.1.html">RhumbSolve</a> utility (see <a class="el" href="rhumb.html#rhumbarea">The area under a rhumb line</a>);</li>
<li>add PolygonAreaRhumb typedef for PolygonAreaT&lt;Rhumb&gt;;</li>
<li>add -R option to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> to use PolygonAreaRhumb (and -G option for the default geodesic polygon);</li>
<li>fix BLUNDER in area calculation in MATLAB routine geodreckon;</li>
<li>add area calculation to MATLAB/Octave routines for great ellipses (see <a class="el" href="greatellipse.html#gearea">The area under a great ellipse</a>).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix bad BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html#aa535488b31591ba0c1964575f7f0941a">Geohash::Reverse</a>; this was introduced in version 1.37 and affected all platforms where unsigned longs are 32-bits. Thanks to Christian Csar for reporting and diagnosing this.</li>
<li>Binary installers for Windows are now built with Visual Studio 11 2012 (instead of Visual Studio 10 2010). Compiled MATLAB support still with version 2013a (64-bit).</li>
<li>Update GeographicLib.pro for builds with qmake to include all the source files.</li>
<li>Cmake updates:<ul>
<li>include cross-compiling checks in cmake config file;</li>
<li>improve the way unsuitable versions are reported;</li>
<li>include_directories (${GeographicLib_INCLUDE_DIRS}) is no longer necessary with cmake 2.8.11 or later.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>legacy/Fortran now includes drop-in replacements for the geodesic utilities from the NGS.</li>
<li>geographiclib-get-{geoids,gravity,magnetic} with no arguments now print the usage instead of loading the minimal sets.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html#a3b62cb71f8b7cafd49c1bf3389298525">Utility::date(const std::string&amp;, int&amp;, int&amp;, int&amp;)</a> and hence the <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a> utility accepts the string "now" as a legal time (meaning today).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.38">Version 1.38</a> (released 2014-10-02)<ul>
<li>On MacOSX, the installed package is relocatable (for cmake version 2.8.12 and later).</li>
<li>On Mac OSX, <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> can be installed using homebrew.</li>
<li>In cmake builds under Windows, set the output directories so that binaries and shared libraries are together.</li>
<li>Accept the minus sign as a synonym for - in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a>.{cpp,js}.</li>
<li>The cmake configuration file geographiclib-depends.cmake has been renamed to geographiclib-targets.cmake.</li>
<li>MATLAB/Octave routines for great ellipses added; see <a class="el" href="greatellipse.html">Great Ellipses</a>.</li>
<li>Provide man pages for geographiclib-get-{geoids,gravity,magnetic}.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.37">Version 1.37</a> (released 2014-08-08)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="highprec.html">Support for high precision arithmetic</a>.</li>
<li><b>INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE</b>: the static instantiations of various classes for the WGS84 ellipsoid have been changed to a <a href="https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/ctors#static-init-order-on-first-use">"construct on first use idiom"</a>. This avoids a lot of wasteful initialization before the user's code starts. Unfortunately it means that existing source code that relies on any of the following static variables will need to be changed to a function call:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html#a915063ccc0bacbca271d281785b58b8a">AlbersEqualArea::AzimuthalEqualAreaNorth</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html#a9bd1f7bd5523a4943f441884d66797cd">AlbersEqualArea::AzimuthalEqualAreaSouth</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html#a8f3bd86c331dfa3daa7ee3ed01963c1a">AlbersEqualArea::CylindricalEqualArea</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html#a8d316ff08324edeff562800559f75fcc">Ellipsoid::WGS84</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html#af6e84e6d9d7967df6ba13cae1814cb7b">Geocentric::WGS84</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a479d30b83e1d2d32ad31c96b4df1543a">Geodesic::WGS84</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicExact.html#af19342923b6fd605ffd269780dca7b38">GeodesicExact::WGS84</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html#ad89cee66fff4221d36fa88a8e4c6f435">LambertConformalConic::Mercator</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html#adbe37628ec483ff0437ee13eab089b68">NormalGravity::GRS80</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html#aa07cdd6fe8ce8a92f00b74ea93908a78">NormalGravity::WGS84</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html#aa968efa8480ecff213cf8a41f1fb2687">PolarStereographic::UPS</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html#a79ec12aaa5f14a1c678f01489400e397">TransverseMercator::UTM</a></li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html#aeb0946003bd7cc24dfb3b7c823467a4f">TransverseMercatorExact::UTM</a></li>
</ul>
Thus, occurrences of, for example,<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> Geodesic&amp; geod = <a class="code" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a479d30b83e1d2d32ad31c96b4df1543a">Geodesic::WGS84</a>; <span class="comment">// version 1.36 and earlier</span></div></div><!-- fragment --> need to be changed to<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> Geodesic&amp; geod = <a class="code" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a479d30b83e1d2d32ad31c96b4df1543a">Geodesic::WGS84</a>(); <span class="comment">// version 1.37 and later</span></div></div><!-- fragment --> (note the parentheses!); alternatively use<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="comment">// works with all versions</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> Geodesic geod(<a class="code" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html#ae12127984ac6713823746d917b4abfa7">Constants::WGS84_a</a>(), <a class="code" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html#ae12127984ac6713823746d917b4abfa7">Constants::WGS84_a</a>()); </div></div><!-- fragment --></li>
<li>Incompatible change: the environment variables <code>{GEOID,GRAVITY,MAGNETIC}_{NAME,PATH}</code> are now prefixed with <code>GEOGRAPHICLIB_</code>.</li>
<li>Incompatible change for Windows XP: retire the Windows XP common data path. If you're still using Windows XP, then you might have to move the folder <code>C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\<a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a></code> to <code>C:\ProgramData\<a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a></code>.</li>
<li>All macro names affecting the compilation now start with <code>GEOGRAPHICLIB_</code>; this applies to <code>GEOID_DEFAULT_NAME</code>, <code>GRAVITY_DEFAULT_NAME</code>, <code>MAGNETIC_DEFAULT_NAME</code>, <code>PGM_PIXEL_WIDTH</code>, <code>HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE</code>, <code>STATIC_ASSERT</code>, <code>WORDS_BIGENDIAN</code>.</li>
<li>Changes to PolygonArea:<ul>
<li>introduce <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolygonAreaT.html" title="Polygon areas. ">PolygonAreaT</a> which takes a geodesic class as a parameter;</li>
<li>PolygonArea and PolygonAreaExact are typedef'ed to PolygonAreaT&lt;Geodesic&gt; and PolygonAreaT&lt;GeodesicExact&gt;;</li>
<li>add -E option to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> to use PolygonAreaExact;</li>
<li>add -Q option to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> to calculate the area on the authalic sphere.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add -p option to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a>, <a href="ConicProj.1.html">ConicProj</a>, <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">GeodesicProj</a>, <a href="TransverseMercatorProj.1.html">TransverseMercatorProj</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Rhumb.html" title="Solve of the direct and inverse rhumb problems. ">Rhumb</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1RhumbLine.html" title="Find a sequence of points on a single rhumb line. ">RhumbLine</a> classes and the <a href="RhumbSolve.1.html">RhumbSolve</a> utility; see <a class="el" href="rhumb.html">Rhumb lines</a> for more information.</li>
<li>Minor changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html" title="The normal gravity of the earth. ">NormalGravity</a>:<ul>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html#ab5926cb12a96dd207da06a17b89b8d98">NormalGravity::J2ToFlattening</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html#a6e1b6b7de4d15494f687800e09b13fad">NormalGravity::FlatteningToJ2</a>;</li>
<li>use Newton's method to determine <em>f</em> from <em>J2</em>;</li>
<li>in constructor, allow <em>omega</em> = 0 (i.e., treat the spherical case).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add grs80 <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s gravity field. ">GravityModel</a>, see <a class="el" href="gravity.html">Gravity models</a>.</li>
<li>Make geographiclib-get-{geoids,gravity,magnetic} scripts work on MacOS.</li>
<li>Minor changes:<ul>
<li>simplify cross-platform support for C++11 mathematical functions;</li>
<li>change way area coefficients are given in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicExact.html" title="Exact geodesic calculations. ">GeodesicExact</a> to improve compile times;</li>
<li>enable searching the online documentation;</li>
<li>add macros <code>GEOGRAPHICLIB_VERSION</code> and <code>GEOGRAPHICLIB_VERSION_NUM</code>;</li>
<li>add solution and project files for Visual Studio Express 2010.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.36">Version 1.36</a> (released 2014-05-13)<ul>
<li>Changes to comply with NGA's prohibition of the use of the upper-case letters N/S to designate the hemisphere when displaying UTM/UPS coordinates:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#ad74d52d7ebeff195019745f791f30562">UTMUPS::DecodeZone</a> allows north/south as hemisphere designators (in addition to n/s);</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#ac597fc1e5176ca1ed6ef13499ec5c4bb">UTMUPS::EncodeZone</a> now encodes the hemisphere in <em>lower case</em> (to distinguish this use from a grid zone designator);</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#ac597fc1e5176ca1ed6ef13499ec5c4bb">UTMUPS::EncodeZone</a> takes an optional parameter <em>abbrev</em> to indicate whether to use n/s or north/south as the hemisphere designator;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html#a29b66994383657ad9a8e8ca07a596607">GeoCoords::UTMUPSRepresentation</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html#adb0ee7203686c7c8502d11dc495ce46e">GeoCoords::AltUTMUPSRepresentation</a> similarly accept the <em>abbrev</em> parameter;</li>
<li><a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> uses the flags -a and -l to govern whether UTM/UPS output uses n/s (the -a flag) or north/south (the -l flag) to denote the hemisphere;</li>
<li>Fixed a bug what allowed +3N to be accepted as an alternative UTM zone designation (instead of 3N).</li>
</ul>
<b>WARNING:</b> The use of lower case n/s for the hemisphere might cause compatibility problems. However DecodeZone has always accepted either case; so the issue will only arise with other software reading the zone information. To avoid possible misinterpretation of the zone designator, consider calling EncodeZone with <em>abbrev</em> = false and GeoConvert with -l, so that north/south are used to denote the hemisphere.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a91de10ebde478dbb85b3c7d057ff97b9">MGRS::Forward</a> with <em>prec</em> = -1 will produce a grid zone designation. Similarly <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a066b79e78cd85bf4b50df50808bed7e3">MGRS::Reverse</a> will decode a grid zone designation (and return <em>prec</em> = -1).</li>
<li>Stop using the throw() declaration specification which is deprecated in C++11.</li>
<li>Add missing std:: qualifications to copy in LocalCartesion and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a> headers (bug found by Clemens).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.35">Version 1.35</a> (released 2014-03-13)<ul>
<li>Fix blunder in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#a188cfaa3585d1337c856b1addcdf3e0c">UTMUPS::EncodeEPSG</a> (found by Ben Adler).</li>
<li>MATLAB wrapper routines geodesic{direct,inverse,line} switch to "exact" routes if |<em>f</em>| &gt; 0.02.</li>
<li>GeodSolve.cgi allows ellipsoid to be set (and uses the -E option for <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve</a>).</li>
<li>Set title in HTML versions of man pages for the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a>.</li>
<li>Changes in cmake support:<ul>
<li>add _d to names of executables in debug mode of Visual Studio;</li>
<li>add support for Android (cmake-only), thanks to Pullan Yu;</li>
<li>check CPACK version numbers supplied on command line;</li>
<li>configured version of project-config.cmake.in is project-config.cmake (instead of geographiclib-config.cmake), to prevent find_package incorrectly using this file;</li>
<li>fix tests with multi-line output;</li>
<li>this release includes a file, pom.xml, which is used by an experimental build system (based on maven) at SRI.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.34">Version 1.34</a> (released 2013-12-11)<ul>
<li>Many changes in cmake support:<ul>
<li>minimum version of cmake needed increased to 2.8.4 (which was released in 2011-02);</li>
<li>allow building both shared and static libraries with <code>-D GEOGRAPHICLIB_LIB_TYPE=BOTH</code>;</li>
<li>both shared and static libraries (Release plus Debug) included in binary installer;</li>
<li>find_package uses COMPONENTS and GeographicLib_USE_STATIC_LIBS to select the library to use;</li>
<li>find_package version checking allows nmake and Visual Studio generators to interoperate on Windows;</li>
<li>find_package (<a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> &hellip;) requires that <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a> be capitalized correctly;</li>
<li>on Unix/Linux, don't include the version number in directory for the cmake configuration files;</li>
<li>defaults for GEOGRAPHICLIB_DOCUMENTATION and BUILD_NETGEOGRAPHICLIB are now OFF;</li>
<li>the GEOGRAPHICLIB_EXAMPLES configuration parameter is no longer used; cmake always configures to build the examples, but they are not built by default (instead build targets: exampleprograms and netexamples);</li>
<li>matlab-all target renamed to matlabinterface;</li>
<li>the configuration parameters PACKAGE_PATH and INSTALL_PATH are now deprecated (use CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX instead);</li>
<li>on Linux, the installed package is relocatable;</li>
<li>on MacOSX, the installed utilities can find the shared library.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Use a more precise value for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html#a65210bfdcac362f393a8f81f28259ad0">OSGB::CentralScale()</a>.</li>
<li>Add Arc routines to Python interface.</li>
<li>The Geod utility has been removed; the same functionality lives on with <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve</a> (introduced in version 1.30).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.33">Version 1.33</a> (released 2013-10-08)<ul>
<li>Add <a href="NET/index.html">NETGeographic .NET wrapper library</a> (courtesy of Scott Heiman).</li>
<li>Make inspector functions in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html" title="Properties of an ellipsoid. ">Ellipsoid</a> const.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="Accumulator_8cpp.html" title="Implementation for GeographicLib::Accumulator class. ">Accumulator.cpp</a> to instantiate <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Accumulator.html" title="An accumulator for sums. ">Accumulator</a>.</li>
<li>Defer some of the initialization of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html" title="Ordnance Survey grid system for Great Britain. ">OSGB</a> to when it is first called.</li>
<li>Fix bug in autoconf builds under MacOS.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.32">Version 1.32</a> (released 2013-07-12)<ul>
<li>Generalize C interface for polygon areas to allow vertices to be specified incrementally.</li>
<li>Fix way flags for C++11 support are determined.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.31">Version 1.31</a> (released 2013-07-01)<ul>
<li>Changes breaking binary compatibility (source compatibility is maintained):<ul>
<li>overloaded versions of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac0eeff1b7c77352d9fd22e34959a7dcc">DMS::Encode</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html#a9915d077d48208222a5978959b512344">EllipticFunction::EllipticFunction</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html#a0de46745e90e3173f10d68bd2b5baf3b">GeoCoords::DMSRepresentation</a>, have been eliminated by the use of optional arguments;</li>
<li>correct the declaration of first arg to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#aad33325ea4fdb2d36ca49738dbf23773">UTMUPS::DecodeEPSG</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>FIX BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityCircle.html" title="Gravity on a circle of latitude. ">GravityCircle</a> constructor (found by Mathieu Peyr&eacute;ga) which caused bogus results for the gravity disturbance and gravity anomaly vectors. (This only affected calculations using <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityCircle.html" title="Gravity on a circle of latitude. ">GravityCircle</a>. <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s gravity field. ">GravityModel</a> calculations did not suffer from this bug.)</li>
<li>Improvements to the build:<ul>
<li>add macros GEOGRAPHICLIB_VERSION_{MAJOR,MINOR,PATCH} to Config.h;</li>
<li>fix documentation for new version of perlpod;</li>
<li>improving setting of runtime path for Unix-like systems with cmake;</li>
<li>install PDB files when compiling with Visual Studio to aid debugging;</li>
<li>Windows binary release now uses MATLAB R2013a (64-bit) and uses the -largeArrayDims option.</li>
<li>fixes to the way the MATLAB interface routines are built (thanks to Phil Miller and Chris F.).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Changes to the geodesic routines:<ul>
<li>add <a class="el" href="other.html#java">Java implementation</a> of the geodesic routines (thanks to Skip Breidbach for the maven support);</li>
<li>FIX BUG: avoid altering input args in Fortran implementation;</li>
<li>more systematic treatment of very short geodesic;</li>
<li>fixes to Python port so that they work with version 3.x, in addition to 2.x (courtesy of Amato);</li>
<li>accumulate the perimeter and area of polygons via a double-wide accumulator in Fortran, C, and MATLAB implementations (this is already included in the other implementations);</li>
<li>port PolygonArea::AddEdge and PolygonArea::TestEdge to JavaScript and Python interfaces;</li>
<li>include documentation on <a class="el" href="geodesic.html#geodshort">Short geodesics</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Unix scripts for downloading datasets, geographiclib-get-{geoids,gravity,magnetic}, skip already download models by default, unless the -f flag is given.</li>
<li>FIX BUGS: meridian convergence and scale returned by <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html" title="An exact implementation of the transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercatorExact</a> was wrong at a pole.</li>
<li>Improve efficiency of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a91de10ebde478dbb85b3c7d057ff97b9">MGRS::Forward</a> by avoiding the calculation of the latitude if possible (adapting an idea of Craig Rollins).</li>
<li>Fixes to the way the MATLAB interface routines are built (thanks to Phil Miller and Chris F.).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.30">Version 1.30</a> (released 2013-02-27)<ul>
<li>Changes to geodesic routines:<ul>
<li>FIX BUG in fail-safe mechanisms in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a>;</li>
<li>the command line utility Geod is now called <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">GeodSolve</a>;</li>
<li>allow addition of polygon edges in PolygonArea;</li>
<li>add full Maxima implementation of geodesic algorithms.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.29">Version 1.29</a> (released 2013-01-16)<ul>
<li>Changes to allow compilation with libc++ (courtesy of Kal Conley).</li>
<li>Add description of <a class="el" href="triaxial.html">Geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid</a> to documentation.</li>
<li>Update journal reference for "Algorithms for geodesics".</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.28">Version 1.28</a> (released 2012-12-11)<ul>
<li>Changes to geodesic routines:<ul>
<li>compute longitude difference exactly;</li>
<li>hence FIX BUG in area calculations for polygons with vertices very close to the prime meridian;</li>
<li>FIX BUG is geoddistance.m where the value of m12 was wrong for meridional geodesics;</li>
<li>add MATLAB implementations of the geodesic projections;</li>
<li>remove unneeded special code for geodesics which start at a pole;</li>
<li>include polygon area routine in C and Fortran implementations;</li>
<li>add doxygen documentation for C and Fortran libraries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.27">Version 1.27</a> (released 2012-11-29)<ul>
<li>Changes to geodesic routines:<ul>
<li>add native MATLAB implementations: geoddistance.m, geodreckon.m, geodarea.m;</li>
<li>add C and Fortran implementations;</li>
<li>improve the solution of the direct problem so that the series solution is accurate to round off for |<em>f</em>| &lt; 1/50;</li>
<li>tighten up the convergence criteria for solution of the inverse problem;</li>
<li>no longer signal failures of convergence with NaNs (a slightly less accurate answer is returned instead).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> double rounding BUG.</li>
<li>On MacOSX platforms with the cmake configuration, universal binaries are built.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.26">Version 1.26</a> (released 2012-10-22)<ul>
<li>Replace the series used for geodesic areas by one with better convergence (this only makes an appreciable difference if |<em>f</em>| &gt; 1/150).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.25">Version 1.25</a> (released 2012-10-16)<ul>
<li>Changes to geodesic calculations:<ul>
<li>restart Newton's method in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> when it goes awry;</li>
<li>back up Newton's method with the bisection method;</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> now converges for any value of <em>f</em>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicExact.html" title="Exact geodesic calculations. ">GeodesicExact</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLineExact.html" title="An exact geodesic line. ">GeodesicLineExact</a> which are formulated in terms of elliptic integrals and thus yield accurate results even for very eccentric ellipsoids;</li>
<li>the -E option to <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> invokes these exact classes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add functionality to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html" title="Elliptic integrals and functions. ">EllipticFunction</a>:<ul>
<li>add all the traditional elliptic integrals;</li>
<li>remove restrictions on argument range for incomplete elliptic integrals;</li>
<li>allow imaginary modulus for elliptic integrals and elliptic functions;</li>
<li>make interface to the symmetric elliptic integrals public.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Allow <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html" title="Properties of an ellipsoid. ">Ellipsoid</a> to be copied.</li>
<li>Changes to the build tools:<ul>
<li>cmake uses folders in Visual Studio to reduce clutter;</li>
<li>allow precision of reals to be set in cmake;</li>
<li>fail gracefully in the absence of pod documentation tools;</li>
<li>remove support for maintainer tasks in Makefile.mk;</li>
<li>upgrade to automake 1.11.6 to fix the "make distcheck" security vulnerability; see <a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2012-3386">https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2012-3386</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.24">Version 1.24</a> (released 2012-09-22)<ul>
<li>Allow the specification of the hemisphere in UTM coordinates in order to provide continuity across the equator:<ul>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#ac333eaff84cc487fee67440de3383bf7">UTMUPS::Transfer</a>;</li>
<li>add GeoCoords::UTMUPSRepresentation(bool, int) and GeoCoords::AltUTMUPSRepresentation(bool, int);</li>
<li>use the hemisphere letter in, e.g., <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> -u -z 31n.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#aad33325ea4fdb2d36ca49738dbf23773">UTMUPS::DecodeEPSG</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#a188cfaa3585d1337c856b1addcdf3e0c">UTMUPS::EncodeEPSG</a>.</li>
<li>cmake changes:<ul>
<li>restore support for cmake 2.4.x;</li>
<li>explicitly check version of doxygen.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix building under cygwin.</li>
<li>Document restrictions on <em>f</em> in <a class="el" href="intro.html">Introduction</a>.</li>
<li>Fix Python interface to work with version 2.6.x.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.23">Version 1.23</a> (released 2012-07-17)<ul>
<li>Documentation changes:<ul>
<li>remove html documentation from distribution and use web links if doxygen is not available;</li>
<li>use doxygen tags to document exceptions;</li>
<li>begin migrating the documentation to using Greek letters where appropriate (requires doxygen 1.8.1.2 or later).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a0747900a12e92222bb016e114eafe7ee">Math::AngNormalize</a> and Math::AngNormalize2; the allowed range for longitudes and azimuths widened to [&minus;540&deg;, 540&deg;).</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> understands more unicode symbols.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html" title="Conversions for geohashes. ">Geohash</a> uses geohash code "nan" to stand for not a number.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html#a3ece60d542f9c66173ec6137a2133145">Ellipsoid::NormalCurvatureRadius</a>.</li>
<li>Various fixes in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html" title="Lambert conformal conic projection. ">LambertConformalConic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html" title="Polar stereographic projection. ">PolarStereographic</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html" title="Properties of an ellipsoid. ">Ellipsoid</a> to handle reverse projections of points near infinity.</li>
<li>Fix programming blunder in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html#aa5317c61e1389f5c439208398b578a5a">LambertConformalConic::Forward</a> (incorrect results were returned if the tangent latitude was negative).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.22">Version 1.22</a> (released 2012-05-27)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html" title="Conversions for geohashes. ">Geohash</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html" title="Properties of an ellipsoid. ">Ellipsoid</a> classes.</li>
<li>FIX BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html" title="Albers equal area conic projection. ">AlbersEqualArea</a> for very prolate ellipsoids (<em>b</em><sup>2</sup> &gt; 2 <em>a</em><sup>2</sup>).</li>
<li>cmake changes:<ul>
<li>optionally use PACKAGE_PATH and INSTALL_PATH to determine CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX;</li>
<li>use COMMON_INSTALL_PATH to determine layout of installation directories;</li>
<li>as a consequence, the installation paths for the documentation, and Python and MATLAB interfaces are shortened for Windows;</li>
<li>zip source distribution now uses DOS line endings;</li>
<li>the tests work in debug mode for Windows;</li>
<li>default setting of GEOGRAPHICLIB_DATA does not depend on CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX;</li>
<li>add a cmake configuration for build tree.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.21">Version 1.21</a> (released 2012-04-25)<ul>
<li>Support colon-separated <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> output:<ul>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac0eeff1b7c77352d9fd22e34959a7dcc">DMS::Encode</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html#a0de46745e90e3173f10d68bd2b5baf3b">GeoCoords::DMSRepresentation</a> generalized;</li>
<li><a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> and <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> now accept a -: option.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> does not print the gradient of the geoid height by default (because it's subject to large errors); give the -g option to get the gradient printed.</li>
<li>Work around optimization BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> with tdm mingw g++ version 4.6.1.</li>
<li>autoconf fixed to ensure that that out-of-sources builds work; document this as the preferred method of using autoconf.</li>
<li>cmake tweaks:<ul>
<li>simplify the configuration of doxygen;</li>
<li>allow the MATLAB compiler to be specified with the MATLAB_COMPILER option.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.20">Version 1.20</a> (released 2012-03-23)<ul>
<li>cmake tweaks:<ul>
<li>improve find_package's matching of compiler versions;</li>
<li>CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX set from CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH if available;</li>
<li>add "x64" to the package name for the 64-bit binary installer;</li>
<li>fix cmake warning with Visual Studio Express.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalEngine.html" title="The evaluation engine for SphericalHarmonic. ">SphericalEngine</a> to deal with aggressive iterator checking by Visual Studio.</li>
<li>Fix transcription BUG is Geodesic.js.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.19">Version 1.19</a> (released 2012-03-13)<ul>
<li>Slight improvement in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> for very short lines.</li>
<li>Fix argument checking tests in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a91de10ebde478dbb85b3c7d057ff97b9">MGRS::Forward</a>.</li>
<li>Add --comment-delimiter and --line-separator options to the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a>.</li>
<li>Add installer for 64-bit Windows; the compiled MATLAB interface is supplied with the Windows 64-bit installer only.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.18">Version 1.18</a> (released 2012-02-18)<ul>
<li>Improve documentation on configuration with cmake.</li>
<li>cmake's find_package ensures that the compiler versions match on Windows.</li>
<li>Improve documentation on compiling MATLAB interface.</li>
<li>Binary installer for Windows installs under C:/pkg-vc10 by default.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.17">Version 1.17</a> (released 2012-01-21)<ul>
<li>Work around optimization BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> with g++ version 4.4.0 (mingw).</li>
<li>Fix BUG in argument checking with <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html#a0a79e8f2babae1eb0305a0e728fea8c8">OSGB::GridReference</a>.</li>
<li>Fix missing include file in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic2.html" title="Spherical harmonic series with two corrections to the coefficients. ">SphericalHarmonic2</a>.</li>
<li>Add simple examples of usage for each class.</li>
<li>Add internal documentation to the cmake configuration files.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.16">Version 1.16</a> (released 2011-12-07)<ul>
<li>Add calculation of the earth's gravitational field:<ul>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1NormalGravity.html" title="The normal gravity of the earth. ">NormalGravity</a> <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s gravity field. ">GravityModel</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GravityCircle.html" title="Gravity on a circle of latitude. ">GravityCircle</a> classes;</li>
<li>add command line utility <a href="Gravity.1.html">Gravity</a>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="gravity.html">Gravity models</a>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html#af7806106d7bd289bb63d5290e79c87a6">Constants::WGS84_GM()</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html#a98c114d5a6ca42d3e4ece8595a0c2180">Constants::WGS84_omega()</a>, and similarly for GRS80.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Build uses GEOGRAPHICLIB_DATA to specify a common parent directory for geoid, gravity, and magnetic data (instead of GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEOID_PATH, etc.); similarly, <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a>, <a href="Gravity.1.html">Gravity</a>, and <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a>, look at the environment variable GEOGRAPHICLIB_DATA to locate the data.</li>
<li>Spherical harmonic software changes:<ul>
<li>capitalize enums <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic.html#a889791c67edc32865996842c600104ebaee7040963f955b45b5a8ab0ea325c782">SphericalHarmonic::FULL</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic.html#a889791c67edc32865996842c600104eba014c2f3300abd50ff65ea8d73ef3c69e">SphericalHarmonic::SCHMIDT</a> (the lower case names are retained but deprecated);</li>
<li>optimize the sum by using a static table of square roots which is updated by <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalEngine.html#a7fac63262c0a8bb18aee8c962a08d429">SphericalEngine::RootTable</a>;</li>
<li>avoid overflow for high degree models.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Magnetic software fixes:<ul>
<li>fix documentation BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticModel.html#a1370895f4938c5cd2aa44b06951b2491">MagneticModel::Circle</a>;</li>
<li>make <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s magnetic field. ">MagneticModel</a> constructor explicit;</li>
<li>provide default <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticCircle.html" title="Geomagnetic field on a circle of latitude. ">MagneticCircle</a> constructor;</li>
<li>add additional inspector functions to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticCircle.html" title="Geomagnetic field on a circle of latitude. ">MagneticCircle</a>;</li>
<li>add -c option to <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a>;</li>
<li>default height to zero in <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.15">Version 1.15</a> (released 2011-11-08)<ul>
<li>Add calculation of the earth's magnetic field:<ul>
<li>add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticModel.html" title="Model of the earth&#39;s magnetic field. ">MagneticModel</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MagneticCircle.html" title="Geomagnetic field on a circle of latitude. ">MagneticCircle</a> classes;</li>
<li>add command line utility <a href="MagneticField.1.html">MagneticField</a>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="magnetic.html">Magnetic models</a>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="magnetic.html#magneticinst">Installing the magnetic field models</a>;</li>
<li>add <a class="el" href="magnetic.html#magneticformat">The format of the magnetic model files</a>;</li>
<li>add classes <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalEngine.html" title="The evaluation engine for SphericalHarmonic. ">SphericalEngine</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CircularEngine.html" title="Spherical harmonic sums for a circle. ">CircularEngine</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic.html" title="Spherical harmonic series. ">SphericalHarmonic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic1.html" title="Spherical harmonic series with a correction to the coefficients. ">SphericalHarmonic1</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1SphericalHarmonic2.html" title="Spherical harmonic series with two corrections to the coefficients. ">SphericalHarmonic2</a>. which sum spherical harmonic series.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Utility.html" title="Some utility routines for GeographicLib. ">Utility</a> class to support I/O and date manipulation.</li>
<li>Cmake configuration includes a _d suffix on the library built in debug mode.</li>
<li>For the Python package, include manifest and readme files; don't install setup.py for non-Windows systems.</li>
<li>Include Doxygen tag file in distribution as doc/html/Geographic.tag.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.14">Version 1.14</a> (released 2011-09-30)<ul>
<li>Ensure that geographiclib-config.cmake is relocatable.</li>
<li>Allow more unicode symbols to be used in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a>.</li>
<li>Modify <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> so that it can be used to convert the height datum for LIDAR data.</li>
<li>Modest speed-up of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a>.</li>
<li>Changes in Python interface:<ul>
<li>FIX BUG in transcription of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a>;</li>
<li>include setup.py for easy installation;</li>
<li>Python only distribution is available at <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/geographiclib">https://pypi.python.org/pypi/geographiclib</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Supply a minimal Qt qmake project file for library src/Geographic.pro.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.13">Version 1.13</a> (released 2011-08-13)<ul>
<li>Changes to I/O:<ul>
<li>allow : (colon) to be used as a <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> separator in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode(const std::string&amp;, flag&amp;)</a>;</li>
<li>also accept Unicode symbols for degrees, minutes, and seconds (coded as UTF-8);</li>
<li>provide optional <em>swaplatlong</em> argument to various <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeoCoords.html" title="Conversion between geographic coordinates. ">GeoCoords</a> functions to make longitude precede latitude;</li>
<li><a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> now has a -w option to make longitude precede latitude on input and output;</li>
<li>include a JavaScript version of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Slight improvement in starting guess for solution of geographic latitude in terms of conformal latitude in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html" title="An exact implementation of the transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercatorExact</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html" title="Lambert conformal conic projection. ">LambertConformalConic</a>.</li>
<li>For most classes, get rid of const member variables so that the default copy assignment works.</li>
<li>Put <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Accumulator.html" title="An accumulator for sums. ">Accumulator</a> in their own header files.</li>
<li>Remove unused "fast" <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Accumulator.html" title="An accumulator for sums. ">Accumulator</a> method.</li>
<li>Reorganize the <a class="el" href="other.html#python">Python implementation</a>.</li>
<li>Withdraw some deprecated routines.</li>
<li>cmake changes:<ul>
<li>include FindGeographic.cmake in distribution;</li>
<li>building with cmake creates and installs geographiclib-config.cmake;</li>
<li>better support for building a shared library under Windows.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.12">Version 1.12</a> (released 2011-07-21)<ul>
<li>Change license to MIT/X11.</li>
<li>Add PolygonArea class and equivalent MATLAB function.</li>
<li>Provide JavaScript and Python implementations of geodesic routines.</li>
<li>Fix Windows installer to include runtime dlls for MATLAB.</li>
<li>Fix (innocuous) unassigned variable in Geodesic::GenInverse.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> routines in MATLAB return a12 as first column of aux return value (incompatible change).</li>
<li>A couple of code changes to enable compilation with Visual Studio 2003.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.11">Version 1.11</a> (released 2011-06-27)<ul>
<li>Changes to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a>:<ul>
<li>add -l flag to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> for polyline calculations;</li>
<li>trim precision of area to 3 decimal places;</li>
<li>FIX BUG with pole crossing edges (due to compiler optimization).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> no longer reports the reduced length by default; however the -f flag still reports this and in addition gives the geodesic scales and the geodesic area.</li>
<li>FIX BUGS (compiler-specific) in inverse geodesic calculations.</li>
<li>FIX BUG: accommodate tellg() returning &minus;1 at end of string.</li>
<li>Change way flattening of the ellipsoid is specified:<ul>
<li>constructors take <em>f</em> argument which is taken to be the flattening if <em>f</em> &lt; 1 and the inverse flattening otherwise (this is a compatible change for spheres and oblate ellipsoids, but it is an INCOMPATIBLE change for prolate ellipsoids);</li>
<li>the -e arguments to the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a> are handled similarly; in addition, simple fractions, e.g., 1/297, can be used for the flattening;</li>
<li>introduce <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html#acc5244425bb484594be51b27d56cd335">Constants::WGS84_f()</a> for the WGS84 flattening (and deprecate Constants::WGS84_r() for the inverse flattening);</li>
<li>most classes have a Flattening() member function;</li>
<li>InverseFlattening() has been deprecated (and now returns inf for a sphere, instead of 0).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.10">Version 1.10</a> (released 2011-06-11)<ul>
<li>Improvements to MATLAB/Octave interface:<ul>
<li>add {geocentric,localcartesian}{forward,reverse};</li>
<li>make geographiclibinterface more general;</li>
<li>install the source for the interface;</li>
<li>cmake compiles the interface if ENABLE_MATLAB=ON;</li>
<li>include compiled interface with Windows binary installer.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fix various configuration issues<ul>
<li>autoconf did not install Config.h;</li>
<li>cmake installed in man/man1 instead of share/man/man1;</li>
<li>cmake did not set the rpath on the tools.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.9">Version 1.9</a> (released 2011-05-28)<ul>
<li>FIX BUG in area returned by <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> for pole encircling polygons.</li>
<li>FIX BUG in error message reported when <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> reads the string "5d.".</li>
<li>FIX BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html#a043f6fbf1fd3125dca422a5b3ab3108b">AlbersEqualArea::Reverse</a> (lon0 not being used).</li>
<li>Ensure that all exceptions thrown in the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a> are caught.</li>
<li>Avoid using catch within <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a>.</li>
<li>Move <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Accumulator.html" title="An accumulator for sums. ">Accumulator</a> class from <a class="el" href="Planimeter_8cpp.html" title="Command line utility for measuring the area of geodesic polygons. ">Planimeter.cpp</a> to <a class="el" href="Constants_8hpp.html" title="Header for GeographicLib::Constants class. ">Constants.hpp</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a6a092f38e231c80a1f144814c90f1895">Math::sq&lt;T&gt;</a>.</li>
<li>Simplify <a class="el" href="geoid.html#geoidinst">Installing the geoid datasets</a><ul>
<li>add geographiclib-get-geoids for Unix-like systems;</li>
<li>add installers for Windows.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Provide cmake support:<ul>
<li>build binary installer for Windows;</li>
<li>include regression tests;</li>
<li>add --input-string, --input-file, --output-file options to the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a> to support tests.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rename utility EquidistantTest as <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">GeodesicProj</a> and TransverseMercatorTest as <a href="TransverseMercatorProj.1.html">TransverseMercatorProj</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a href="ConicProj.1.html">ConicProj</a>.</li>
<li>Reverse the initial sense of the -s option for <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a>.</li>
<li>Migrate source from subversion to git.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.8">Version 1.8</a> (released 2011-02-22)<ul>
<li>Optionally return rotation matrix from <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LocalCartesian.html" title="Local cartesian coordinates. ">LocalCartesian</a>.</li>
<li>For the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a>, supply man pages, -h prints the synopsis, --help prints the man page, --version prints the version.</li>
<li>Use accurate summation in <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a>.</li>
<li>Add 64-bit targets for Visual Studio 2010.</li>
<li>Use templates for defining math functions and some constants.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> updates<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html#a2daf81f5c648cf190a83981f441ab08f">Geoid::DefaultGeoidPath</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html#a048865342b2b12ed2272e547209381fd">Geoid::DefaultGeoidName</a>;</li>
<li><a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> uses environment variable GEOGRAPHICLIB_GEOID_NAME as the default geoid;</li>
<li>Add --msltohae and --haetomsl as <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> options (and don't document the single hyphen versions).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Remove documentation that duplicates papers on transverse Mercator and geodesics.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.7">Version 1.7</a> (released 2010-12-21)<ul>
<li>FIX BUG in scale returned by <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html#a6871858721db14a23f8dd1c9ae9274ce">LambertConformalConic::Reverse</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AlbersEqualArea.html" title="Albers equal area conic projection. ">AlbersEqualArea</a> projection.</li>
<li>Library created by Visual Studio is Geographic.lib instead of GeographicLib.lib (compatible with makefiles).</li>
<li>Make classes NaN aware.</li>
<li>Use cell arrays for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a> strings in MATLAB.</li>
<li>Add solution/project files for Visual Studio 2010 (32-bit only).</li>
<li>Use C++11 static_assert and math functions, if available.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.6">Version 1.6</a> (released 2010-11-23)<ul>
<li>FIX BUG introduced in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> in version 1.5 (found by Dave Edwards).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.5">Version 1.5</a> (released 2010-11-19)<ul>
<li>Improve area calculations for small polygons.</li>
<li>Add -s and -r flags to <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a>.</li>
<li>Improve the accuracy of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html" title="Lambert conformal conic projection. ">LambertConformalConic</a> using divided differences.</li>
<li>FIX BUG in meridian convergence returned by <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html#aa5317c61e1389f5c439208398b578a5a">LambertConformalConic::Forward</a>.</li>
<li>Add optional threadsafe parameter to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> constructor. WARNING: This changes may break binary compatibility with previous versions of <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a>. However, the library is source compatible.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1OSGB.html" title="Ordnance Survey grid system for Great Britain. ">OSGB</a>.</li>
<li>MATLAB and Octave interfaces to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> provided.</li>
<li>Minor changes<ul>
<li>explicitly turn on optimization in Visual Studio 2008 projects;</li>
<li>add missing dependencies in some Makefiles;</li>
<li>move pi() and degree() from <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html" title="Constants needed by GeographicLib ">Constants</a> to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a>;</li>
<li>introduce <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#a436f350a6a9539e176dda19d0e4811f8">Math::extended</a> type to aid testing;</li>
<li>add Math::epi() and Math::edegree().</li>
<li>fixes to compile under cygwin;</li>
<li>tweak expression used to find latitude from conformal latitude.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.4">Version 1.4</a> (released 2010-09-12)<ul>
<li>Changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a>:<ul>
<li>FIX BUG in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> with prolate ellipsoids;</li>
<li>add area computations to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#a47d30c7b8b3fb0534ca3d0422f277d69">Geodesic::Direct</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a>;</li>
<li>add geodesic areas to geodesic test set;</li>
<li>make <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> constructor public;</li>
<li>change longitude series in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> into Helmert-like form;</li>
<li>ensure that equatorial geodesics have cos(alpha0) = 0 identically;</li>
<li>generalize interface for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a>;</li>
<li>split <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> into different files;</li>
<li>signal convergence failure in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> with NaNs;</li>
<li>deprecate one function in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and two functions in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html" title="A geodesic line. ">GeodesicLine</a>;</li>
<li>deprecate -n option for <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a>.</li>
</ul>
<b>WARNING</b>: These changes may break binary compatibility with previous versions of <a class="el" href="namespaceGeographicLib.html" title="Namespace for GeographicLib. ">GeographicLib</a>. However, the library is source compatible (with the proviso that <a class="el" href="GeodesicLine_8hpp.html" title="Header for GeographicLib::GeodesicLine class. ">GeographicLib/GeodesicLine.hpp</a> may now need to be included).</li>
<li>Add the <a href="Planimeter.1.html">Planimeter</a> utility for computing the areas of geodesic polygons.</li>
<li>Improve iterative solution of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Gnomonic.html#afb245d6331a07bf862c87b61b0f85377">Gnomonic::Reverse</a>.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html#aa52f250ffe18aa9fee6e7e4cc03071ae">Geoid::ConvertHeight</a>.</li>
<li>Add -msltohae, -haetomsl, and -z options to <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a>.</li>
<li>Constructors check that minor radius is positive.</li>
<li>Add overloaded Forward and Reverse functions to the projection classes which don't return the convergence (or azimuth) and scale.</li>
<li>Document function parameters and return values consistently.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.3">Version 1.3</a> (released 2010-07-21)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Gnomonic.html" title="Gnomonic projection ">Gnomonic</a>, the ellipsoid generalization of the gnomonic projection.</li>
<li>Add -g and -e options to <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">EquidistantTest</a>.</li>
<li>Use fixed-point notation for output from <a href="CartConvert.1.html">CartConvert</a>, <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">EquidistantTest</a>, <a href="TransverseMercatorProj.1.html">TransverseMercatorTest</a>.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html" title="Polar stereographic projection. ">PolarStereographic</a>:<ul>
<li>Improved conversion to conformal coordinates;</li>
<li>Fix bug with scale at opposite pole;</li>
<li>Complain if latitude out of range in SetScale.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#ad1dc13a367125d3f8d291eaa98339186">Math::NaN()</a>.</li>
<li>Add long double version of hypot for Windows.</li>
<li>Add EllipticFunction::E(real).</li>
<li>Update references to Geotrans in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a> documentation.</li>
<li>Speed up tmseries.mac.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.2">Version 1.2</a> (released 2010-05-21)<ul>
<li>FIX BUGS in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>,<ul>
<li>wrong azimuth returned by Direct if point 2 is on a pole;</li>
<li>Inverse sometimes fails with very close points.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Improve calculation of scale in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html" title="Cassini-Soldner projection. ">CassiniSoldner</a>,<ul>
<li>add GeodesicLine::Scale, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#a549c295e0c91c35bfc4645fa7e72bd68">GeodesicLine::EquatorialAzimuth</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeodesicLine.html#af1a06c639eb40b04fd4fb08040eb3f93">GeodesicLine::EquatorialArc</a>;</li>
<li>break friend connection between <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html" title="Cassini-Soldner projection. ">CassiniSoldner</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#a868248d72f6b0bf2dae18a15d741ac43">DMS::DecodeAngle</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#a0512cc1275e089138e1550efbee421d9">DMS::DecodeAzimuth</a>. Extend <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac0eeff1b7c77352d9fd22e34959a7dcc">DMS::Encode</a> to deal with distances.</li>
<li>Code and documentation changes in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a> for consistency with the forthcoming paper on geodesics.</li>
<li>Increase order of series using in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> to 6 (full accuracy maintained for ellipsoid flattening &lt; 0.01).</li>
<li>Macro __NO_LONG_DOUBLE_MATH to disable use of long double.</li>
<li>Correct declaration of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#af61f7360e67c35131d80083e7b53dda8">Math::isfinite</a> to return a bool.</li>
<li>Changes in the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a>,<ul>
<li>improve error reporting when parsing command line arguments;</li>
<li>accept latitudes and longitudes in decimal degrees or degrees, minutes, and seconds, with optional hemisphere designators;</li>
<li><a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> -z accepts zone or zone+hemisphere;</li>
<li><a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> accepts any of the input formats used by <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a>;</li>
<li><a href="CartConvert.1.html">CartConvert</a> allows the ellipsoid to be specified with -e.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.1">Version 1.1</a> (released 2010-02-09)<ul>
<li>FIX BUG (introduced in 2009-03) in EllipticFunction::E(sn,cn,dn).</li>
<li>Increase accuracy of scale calculation in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html" title="An exact implementation of the transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercatorExact</a>.</li>
<li>Code and documentation changes for consistency with <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1417">arXiv:1002.1417</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/1.0">Version 1.0</a> (released 2010-01-07)<ul>
<li>Add autoconf configuration files.</li>
<li>BUG FIX: Improve initial guess for Newton's method in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html#a0fbe410880f20fe78b7b17bef574ce73">PolarStereographic::Reverse</a>. (Previously this failed to converge when the co-latitude exceeded about 130 deg.)</li>
<li>Constructors for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html" title="An exact implementation of the transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercatorExact</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html" title="Polar stereographic projection. ">PolarStereographic</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> now check for obvious problems with their arguments and throw an exception if necessary.</li>
<li>Most classes now include inspector functions such as MajorRadius() so that you can determine how instances were constructed.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LambertConformalConic.html" title="Lambert conformal conic projection. ">LambertConformalConic</a> class.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html#a3f957214eb1d1248277a680e4c4ceed5">PolarStereographic::SetScale</a> to allow the latitude of true scale to be specified.</li>
<li>Add solution and project files for Visual Studio 2008.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1GeographicErr.html" title="Exception handling for GeographicLib. ">GeographicErr</a> for exceptions.</li>
<li><a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> changes:<ul>
<li>BUG FIX: fix typo in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html#a39d46978c54e60c61fd4d2151e008c05">Geoid::Cache</a> which could cause a segmentation fault in some cases when the cached area spanned the prime meridian.</li>
<li>Include sufficient edge data to allow heights to be returned for cached area without disk reads;</li>
<li>Add inspector functions to query the extent of the cache.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-11">Version 2009-11</a> (released 2009-11-03)<ul>
<li>Allow specification of "closest UTM zone" in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a> and <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a> (via -t option).</li>
<li>Utilities now complain is there are too many tokens on input lines.</li>
<li>Include real-to-real versions of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ae802c666ad53884ce062281409bd78b4">DMS::Decode</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html#ac0eeff1b7c77352d9fd22e34959a7dcc">DMS::Encode</a>.</li>
<li>More house-cleaning changes:<ul>
<li>Ensure that functions which return results through reference arguments do not alter the arguments when an exception is thrown.</li>
<li>Improve accuracy of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html#a91de10ebde478dbb85b3c7d057ff97b9">MGRS::Forward</a>.</li>
<li>Include more information in some error messages.</li>
<li>Improve accuracy of inverse hyperbolic functions.</li>
<li>Fix the way <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a> functions handle different precisions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-10">Version 2009-10</a> (released 2009-10-18)<ul>
<li>Change web site to <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io">https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io</a></li>
<li>Several house-cleaning changes:<ul>
<li>Change from the a flat directory structure to a more easily maintained one.</li>
<li>Introduce <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html" title="Mathematical functions needed by GeographicLib. ">Math</a> class for common mathematical functions (in <a class="el" href="Constants_8hpp.html" title="Header for GeographicLib::Constants class. ">Constants.hpp</a>).</li>
<li>Use <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#aeee4778d7cf2f9fb9648efe4911da59d">Math::real</a> as the type for all real quantities. By default this is typedef'ed to double; and the library should be installed this way.</li>
<li>Eliminate const reference members of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AzimuthalEquidistant.html" title="Azimuthal equidistant projection. ">AzimuthalEquidistant</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html" title="Cassini-Soldner projection. ">CassiniSoldner</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LocalCartesian.html" title="Local cartesian coordinates. ">LocalCartesian</a> so that they may be copied.</li>
<li>Make several constructors explicit. Disallow some constructors. Disallow copy constructor/assignment for <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a>.</li>
<li>Document least squares formulas in <a class="el" href="Geoid_8cpp.html" title="Implementation for GeographicLib::Geoid class. ">Geoid.cpp</a>.</li>
<li>Use unsigned long long for files positions of geoid files in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a>.</li>
<li>Introduce optional mgrslimits argument in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#a921d6c23e728e0b17651902d43fb56e8">UTMUPS::Forward</a> and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html#aaf417ae6bed6da324aa03fc96ee0dda4">UTMUPS::Reverse</a> to enforce stricter <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a> limits on eastings and northings.</li>
<li>Add 64-bit targets in Visual Studio project files.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-09">Version 2009-09</a> (released 2009-09-01)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geoid.html" title="Looking up the height of the geoid above the ellipsoid. ">Geoid</a> and <a href="GeoidEval.1.html">GeoidEval</a> utility.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-08">Version 2009-08</a> (released 2009-08-14)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html" title="Cassini-Soldner projection. ">CassiniSoldner</a> class and <a href="GeodesicProj.1.html">EquidistantTest</a> utility.</li>
<li>Fix bug in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html#afdca5eb7c37fa2fecf124aecd6c436fd">Geodesic::Inverse</a> where NaNs were sometimes returned.</li>
<li>INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AzimuthalEquidistant.html" title="Azimuthal equidistant projection. ">AzimuthalEquidistant</a> now returns the reciprocal of the azimuthal scale instead of the reduced length.</li>
<li>Add -n option to <a href="GeoConvert.1.html">GeoConvert</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-07">Version 2009-07</a> (released 2009-07-16)<ul>
<li>Speed up the series inversion code in tmseries.mac and geod.mac.</li>
<li>Reference Borkowski in section on <a class="el" href="geocentric.html">Geocentric coordinates</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-06">Version 2009-06</a> (released 2009-06-01)<ul>
<li>Add routines to decode and encode zone+hemisphere to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a>.</li>
<li>Clean up code in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-05">Version 2009-05</a> (released 2009-05-01)<ul>
<li>Improvements to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>:<ul>
<li>more economical series expansions,</li>
<li>return reduced length (as does the <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> utility),</li>
<li>improved calculation of starting point for inverse method,</li>
<li>use reduced length to give derivative for Newton's method.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1AzimuthalEquidistant.html" title="Azimuthal equidistant projection. ">AzimuthalEquidistant</a> class.</li>
<li>Make <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>, and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1PolarStereographic.html" title="Polar stereographic projection. ">PolarStereographic</a> classes work with prolate ellipsoids.</li>
<li><a href="CartConvert.1.html">CartConvert</a> checks its inputs more carefully.</li>
<li>Remove reference to defunct Constants.cpp from GeographicLib.vcproj.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-04">Version 2009-04</a> (released 2009-04-01)<ul>
<li>Use compile-time constants to select the order of series in <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercator.html" title="Transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercator</a>.</li>
<li>2x unroll of Clenshaw summation to avoid data shuffling.</li>
<li>Simplification of <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1EllipticFunction.html#a9faaff12ef51d4130ae33fe84fe8c186">EllipticFunction::E</a>.</li>
<li>Use STATIC_ASSERT for compile-time checking of constants.</li>
<li>Improvements to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a>:<ul>
<li>compile-time option to change order of series used,</li>
<li>post Maxima code for generating the series,</li>
<li>tune the order of series for double,</li>
<li>improvements in the selection of starting points for Newton's method,</li>
<li>accept and return spherical arc lengths,</li>
<li>works with both oblate and prolate ellipsoids,</li>
<li>add -a, -e, -b options to the <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> utility.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-03">Version 2009-03</a> (released 2009-03-01)<ul>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geodesic.html" title="Geodesic calculations ">Geodesic</a> and the <a href="GeodSolve.1.html">Geod</a> utility.</li>
<li>Declare when no exceptions are thrown by functions.</li>
<li>Minor changes to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1DMS.html" title="Convert between degrees and the DMS representation. ">DMS</a> class.</li>
<li>Use invf = 0 to mean a sphere in constructors to some classes.</li>
<li>The makefile creates a library and includes an install target.</li>
<li>Rename ECEF to <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1Geocentric.html" title="Geocentric coordinates ">Geocentric</a>, ECEFConvert to <a href="CartConvert.1.html">CartConvert</a>.</li>
<li>Use inline functions to define constant doubles in <a class="el" href="Constants_8hpp.html" title="Header for GeographicLib::Constants class. ">Constants.hpp</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-02">Version 2009-02</a> (released 2009-01-30)<ul>
<li>Fix documentation of constructors (flattening &rarr; inverse flattening).</li>
<li>Use std versions of math functions.</li>
<li>Add ECEF and <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1LocalCartesian.html" title="Local cartesian coordinates. ">LocalCartesian</a> classes and the ECEFConvert utility.</li>
<li>Gather the documentation on the <a class="el" href="utilities.html">Utility programs</a> onto one page.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/2009-01">Version 2009-01</a> (released 2009-01-12)<ul>
<li>First proper release of library.</li>
<li>More robust <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html" title="An exact implementation of the transverse Mercator projection. ">TransverseMercatorExact</a>:<ul>
<li>Introduce <em>extendp</em> version of constructor,</li>
<li>Test against extended test data,</li>
<li>Optimize starting positions for Newton's method,</li>
<li>Fix behavior near all singularities,</li>
<li>Fix order dependence in C++ start-up code,</li>
<li>Improved method of computing scale and convergence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Documentation on transverse Mercator projection.</li>
<li>Add <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1MGRS.html" title="Convert between UTM/UPS and MGRS. ">MGRS</a>, <a class="el" href="classGeographicLib_1_1UTMUPS.html" title="Convert between geographic coordinates and UTM/UPS. ">UTMUPS</a>, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Version 2008-09<ul>
<li>Ad hoc posting of information on the transverse Mercator projection.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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