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<div class="subTitle"><span class="packageLabelInType">Package</span> <a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/package-summary.html">javax.servlet.http</a></div>
<h2 title="Interface HttpSession" class="title">Interface HttpSession</h2>
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<pre>public interface <span class="typeNameLabel">HttpSession</span></pre>
<div class="block">Provides a way to identify a user across more than one page request or visit
to a Web site and to store information about that user.
<p>
The servlet container uses this interface to create a session between an HTTP
client and an HTTP server. The session persists for a specified time period,
across more than one connection or page request from the user. A session
usually corresponds to one user, who may visit a site many times. The server
can maintain a session in many ways such as using cookies or rewriting URLs.
<p>
This interface allows servlets to
<ul>
<li>View and manipulate information about a session, such as the session
identifier, creation time, and last accessed time
<li>Bind objects to sessions, allowing user information to persist across
multiple user connections
</ul>
<p>
When an application stores an object in or removes an object from a session,
the session checks whether the object implements
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.html" title="interface in javax.servlet.http"><code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code></a>. If it does, the servlet notifies the
object that it has been bound to or unbound from the session. Notifications
are sent after the binding methods complete. For session that are invalidated
or expire, notifications are sent after the session has been invalidated or
expired.
<p>
When container migrates a session between VMs in a distributed container
setting, all session attributes implementing the
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSessionActivationListener.html" title="interface in javax.servlet.http"><code>HttpSessionActivationListener</code></a> interface are notified.
<p>
A servlet should be able to handle cases in which the client does not choose
to join a session, such as when cookies are intentionally turned off. Until
the client joins the session, <code>isNew</code> returns <code>true</code>.
If the client chooses not to join the session, <code>getSession</code> will
return a different session on each request, and <code>isNew</code> will
always return <code>true</code>.
<p>
Session information is scoped only to the current web application (
<code>ServletContext</code>), so information stored in one context will not
be directly visible in another.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="seeLabel">See Also:</span></dt>
<dd><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSessionBindingListener.html" title="interface in javax.servlet.http"><code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code></a></dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h3>Method Summary</h3>
<table class="memberSummary" summary="Method Summary table, listing methods, and an explanation">
<caption><span id="t0" class="activeTableTab"><span>All Methods</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t2" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(2);">Instance Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t3" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(4);">Abstract Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span><span id="t6" class="tableTab"><span><a href="javascript:show(32);">Deprecated Methods</a></span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></span></caption>
<tr>
<th class="colFirst" scope="col">Modifier and Type</th>
<th class="colSecond" scope="col">Method</th>
<th class="colLast" scope="col">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr id="i0" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>java.lang.Object</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttribute-java.lang.String-">getAttribute</a></span>​(java.lang.String name)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns the object bound with the specified name in this session, or
<code>null</code> if no object is bound under the name.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i1" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>java.util.Enumeration<java.lang.String></code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttributeNames--">getAttributeNames</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
containing the names of all the objects bound to this session.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i2" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>long</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getCreationTime--">getCreationTime</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns the time when this session was created, measured in milliseconds
since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i3" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>java.lang.String</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getId--">getId</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns a string containing the unique identifier assigned to this
session.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i4" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>long</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getLastAccessedTime--">getLastAccessedTime</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns the last time the client sent a request associated with this
session, as the number of milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970
GMT, and marked by the time the container received the request.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i5" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>int</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getMaxInactiveInterval--">getMaxInactiveInterval</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns the maximum time interval, in seconds, that the servlet container
will keep this session open between client accesses.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i6" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../javax/servlet/ServletContext.html" title="interface in javax.servlet">ServletContext</a></code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getServletContext--">getServletContext</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns the ServletContext to which this session belongs.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i7" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSessionContext.html" title="interface in javax.servlet.http">HttpSessionContext</a></code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getSessionContext--">getSessionContext</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.1, this method is deprecated and has no
replacement.</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i8" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>java.lang.Object</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getValue-java.lang.String-">getValue</a></span>​(java.lang.String name)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttribute-java.lang.String-"><code>getAttribute(java.lang.String)</code></a>.</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i9" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>java.lang.String[]</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getValueNames--">getValueNames</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttributeNames--"><code>getAttributeNames()</code></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i10" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#invalidate--">invalidate</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Invalidates this session then unbinds any objects bound to it.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i11" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>boolean</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#isNew--">isNew</a></span>()</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Returns <code>true</code> if the client does not yet know about the
session or if the client chooses not to join the session.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i12" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#putValue-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-">putValue</a></span>​(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.Object value)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#setAttribute-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-"><code>setAttribute(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)</code></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i13" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#removeAttribute-java.lang.String-">removeAttribute</a></span>​(java.lang.String name)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Removes the object bound with the specified name from this session.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i14" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#removeValue-java.lang.String-">removeValue</a></span>​(java.lang.String name)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#removeAttribute-java.lang.String-"><code>removeAttribute(java.lang.String)</code></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i15" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#setAttribute-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-">setAttribute</a></span>​(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.Object value)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Binds an object to this session, using the name specified.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="i16" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<th class="colSecond" scope="row"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#setMaxInactiveInterval-int-">setMaxInactiveInterval</a></span>​(int interval)</code></th>
<td class="colLast">
<div class="block">Specifies the time, in seconds, between client requests before the
servlet container will invalidate this session.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
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</li>
</ul>
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<h3>Method Detail</h3>
<a name="getCreationTime--">
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<h4>getCreationTime</h4>
<pre>long getCreationTime()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns the time when this session was created, measured in milliseconds
since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>a <code>long</code> specifying when this session was created,
expressed in milliseconds since 1/1/1970 GMT</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
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<h4>getId</h4>
<pre>java.lang.String getId()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns a string containing the unique identifier assigned to this
session. The identifier is assigned by the servlet container and is
implementation dependent.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>a string specifying the identifier assigned to this session</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
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<h4>getLastAccessedTime</h4>
<pre>long getLastAccessedTime()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns the last time the client sent a request associated with this
session, as the number of milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970
GMT, and marked by the time the container received the request.
<p>
Actions that your application takes, such as getting or setting a value
associated with the session, do not affect the access time.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>a <code>long</code> representing the last time the client sent a
request associated with this session, expressed in milliseconds
since 1/1/1970 GMT</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>getServletContext</h4>
<pre><a href="../../../javax/servlet/ServletContext.html" title="interface in javax.servlet">ServletContext</a> getServletContext()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns the ServletContext to which this session belongs.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>The ServletContext object for the web application</dd>
<dt><span class="simpleTagLabel">Since:</span></dt>
<dd>2.3</dd>
</dl>
</li>
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<h4>setMaxInactiveInterval</h4>
<pre>void setMaxInactiveInterval​(int interval)</pre>
<div class="block">Specifies the time, in seconds, between client requests before the
servlet container will invalidate this session. A zero or negative time
indicates that the session should never timeout.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>interval</code> - An integer specifying the number of seconds</dd>
</dl>
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<h4>getMaxInactiveInterval</h4>
<pre>int getMaxInactiveInterval()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns the maximum time interval, in seconds, that the servlet container
will keep this session open between client accesses. After this interval,
the servlet container will invalidate the session. The maximum time
interval can be set with the <code>setMaxInactiveInterval</code> method.
A zero or negative time indicates that the session should never timeout.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>an integer specifying the number of seconds this session remains
open between client requests</dd>
<dt><span class="seeLabel">See Also:</span></dt>
<dd><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#setMaxInactiveInterval-int-"><code>setMaxInactiveInterval(int)</code></a></dd>
</dl>
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<h4>getSessionContext</h4>
<pre><a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSessionContext.html" title="interface in javax.servlet.http">HttpSessionContext</a> getSessionContext()</pre>
<div class="deprecationBlock"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.1, this method is deprecated and has no
replacement. It will be removed in a future version of the
Java Servlet API.</div>
</div>
<div class="block">Do not use.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>A dummy implementation of HttpSessionContext</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>getAttribute</h4>
<pre>java.lang.Object getAttribute​(java.lang.String name)</pre>
<div class="block">Returns the object bound with the specified name in this session, or
<code>null</code> if no object is bound under the name.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - a string specifying the name of the object</dd>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>the object with the specified name</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>getValue</h4>
<pre>java.lang.Object getValue​(java.lang.String name)</pre>
<div class="deprecationBlock"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttribute-java.lang.String-"><code>getAttribute(java.lang.String)</code></a>.</div>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - a string specifying the name of the object</dd>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>the object with the specified name</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="getAttributeNames--">
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<h4>getAttributeNames</h4>
<pre>java.util.Enumeration<java.lang.String> getAttributeNames()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
containing the names of all the objects bound to this session.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>an <code>Enumeration</code> of <code>String</code> objects
specifying the names of all the objects bound to this session</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>getValueNames</h4>
<pre>java.lang.String[] getValueNames()</pre>
<div class="deprecationBlock"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#getAttributeNames--"><code>getAttributeNames()</code></a></div>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd>an array of <code>String</code> objects specifying the names of
all the objects bound to this session</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="setAttribute-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-">
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<h4>setAttribute</h4>
<pre>void setAttribute​(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.Object value)</pre>
<div class="block">Binds an object to this session, using the name specified. If an object
of the same name is already bound to the session, the object is replaced.
<p>
After this method executes, and if the new object implements
<code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code>, the container calls
<code>HttpSessionBindingListener.valueBound</code>. The container then
notifies any <code>HttpSessionAttributeListener</code>s in the web
application.
<p>
If an object was already bound to this session of this name that
implements <code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code>, its
<code>HttpSessionBindingListener.valueUnbound</code> method is called.
<p>
If the value passed in is null, this has the same effect as calling
<code>removeAttribute()</code>.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - the name to which the object is bound; cannot be null</dd>
<dd><code>value</code> - the object to be bound</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="putValue-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-">
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<h4>putValue</h4>
<pre>void putValue​(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.Object value)</pre>
<div class="deprecationBlock"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#setAttribute-java.lang.String-java.lang.Object-"><code>setAttribute(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)</code></a></div>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - the name to which the object is bound; cannot be null</dd>
<dd><code>value</code> - the object to be bound; cannot be null</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>removeAttribute</h4>
<pre>void removeAttribute​(java.lang.String name)</pre>
<div class="block">Removes the object bound with the specified name from this session. If
the session does not have an object bound with the specified name, this
method does nothing.
<p>
After this method executes, and if the object implements
<code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code>, the container calls
<code>HttpSessionBindingListener.valueUnbound</code>. The container then
notifies any <code>HttpSessionAttributeListener</code>s in the web
application.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - the name of the object to remove from this session</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>removeValue</h4>
<pre>void removeValue​(java.lang.String name)</pre>
<div class="deprecationBlock"><span class="deprecatedLabel">Deprecated.</span>
<div class="deprecationComment">As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by
<a href="../../../javax/servlet/http/HttpSession.html#removeAttribute-java.lang.String-"><code>removeAttribute(java.lang.String)</code></a></div>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="paramLabel">Parameters:</span></dt>
<dd><code>name</code> - the name of the object to remove from this session</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="invalidate--">
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<h4>invalidate</h4>
<pre>void invalidate()</pre>
<div class="block">Invalidates this session then unbinds any objects bound to it.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an already invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<a name="isNew--">
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<ul class="blockListLast">
<li class="blockList">
<h4>isNew</h4>
<pre>boolean isNew()</pre>
<div class="block">Returns <code>true</code> if the client does not yet know about the
session or if the client chooses not to join the session. For example, if
the server used only cookie-based sessions, and the client had disabled
the use of cookies, then a session would be new on each request.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="returnLabel">Returns:</span></dt>
<dd><code>true</code> if the server has created a session, but the
client has not yet joined</dd>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code>java.lang.IllegalStateException</code> - if this method is called on an already invalidated session</dd>
</dl>
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