/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/autobahn/wamp/cryptosign.py is in python-autobahn 17.10.1+dfsg1-2.
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#
# The MIT License (MIT)
#
# Copyright (c) Crossbar.io Technologies GmbH
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#
###############################################################################
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
import binascii
import struct
import six
import txaio
from autobahn import util
from autobahn.wamp.types import Challenge
__all__ = [
'HAS_CRYPTOSIGN',
]
try:
# try to import everything we need for WAMP-cryptosign
from nacl import encoding, signing, bindings
except ImportError:
HAS_CRYPTOSIGN = False
else:
HAS_CRYPTOSIGN = True
__all__.append('SigningKey')
def _unpack(keydata):
"""
Unpack a SSH agent key blob into parts.
See: http://blog.oddbit.com/2011/05/08/converting-openssh-public-keys/
"""
parts = []
while keydata:
# read the length of the data
dlen = struct.unpack('>I', keydata[:4])[0]
# read in <length> bytes
data, keydata = keydata[4:dlen + 4], keydata[4 + dlen:]
parts.append(data)
return parts
def _pack(keyparts):
"""
Pack parts into a SSH key blob.
"""
parts = []
for part in keyparts:
parts.append(struct.pack('>I', len(part)))
parts.append(part)
return b''.join(parts)
def _read_ssh_ed25519_pubkey(keydata):
"""
Parse an OpenSSH Ed25519 public key from a string into a raw public key.
Example input:
ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJukDU5fqXv/yVhSirsDWsUFyOodZyCSLxyitPPzWJW9 oberstet@office-corei7
:param keydata: The OpenSSH Ed25519 public key data to parse.
:type keydata: str
:returns: pair of raw public key (32 bytes) and comment
:rtype: tuple
"""
if type(keydata) != six.text_type:
raise Exception("invalid type {} for keydata".format(type(keydata)))
parts = keydata.strip().split()
if len(parts) != 3:
raise Exception('invalid SSH Ed25519 public key')
algo, keydata, comment = parts
if algo != u'ssh-ed25519':
raise Exception('not a Ed25519 SSH public key (but {})'.format(algo))
blob = binascii.a2b_base64(keydata)
try:
key = _unpack(blob)[1]
except Exception as e:
raise Exception('could not parse key ({})'.format(e))
if len(key) != 32:
raise Exception('invalid length {} for embedded raw key (must be 32 bytes)'.format(len(key)))
return key, comment
class _SSHPacketReader:
"""
Read OpenSSH packet format which is used for key material.
"""
def __init__(self, packet):
self._packet = packet
self._idx = 0
self._len = len(packet)
def get_remaining_payload(self):
return self._packet[self._idx:]
def get_bytes(self, size):
if self._idx + size > self._len:
raise Exception('incomplete packet')
value = self._packet[self._idx:self._idx + size]
self._idx += size
return value
def get_uint32(self):
return struct.unpack('>I', self.get_bytes(4))[0]
def get_string(self):
return self.get_bytes(self.get_uint32())
def _makepad(size):
return ''.join(chr(x) for x in range(1, size + 1))
def _read_ssh_ed25519_privkey(keydata):
"""
Parse an OpenSSH Ed25519 private key from a string into a raw private key.
Example input:
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
QyNTUxOQAAACCbpA1OX6l7/8lYUoq7A1rFBcjqHWcgki8corTz81iVvQAAAKDWjZ0Y1o2d
GAAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACCbpA1OX6l7/8lYUoq7A1rFBcjqHWcgki8corTz81iVvQ
AAAEArodzIMjH9MOBz0X+HDvL06rEJOMYFhzGQ5zXPM7b7fZukDU5fqXv/yVhSirsDWsUF
yOodZyCSLxyitPPzWJW9AAAAFm9iZXJzdGV0QG9mZmljZS1jb3JlaTcBAgMEBQYH
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
:param keydata: The OpenSSH Ed25519 private key data to parse.
:type keydata: str
:returns: pair of raw private key (32 bytes) and comment
:rtype: tuple
"""
# Some pointers:
# https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/master/asyncssh/public_key.py
# https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/master/asyncssh/ed25519.py
# crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_seed
# https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium/blob/master/src/libsodium/crypto_sign/ed25519/sign_ed25519_api.c#L27
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bjh21-ssh-ed25519-02
# http://blog.oddbit.com/2011/05/08/converting-openssh-public-keys/
SSH_BEGIN = u'-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----'
SSH_END = u'-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----'
OPENSSH_KEY_V1 = b'openssh-key-v1\0'
if not (keydata.startswith(SSH_BEGIN) and keydata.endswith(SSH_END)):
raise Exception('invalid OpenSSH private key (does not start/end with OPENSSH preamble)')
ssh_end = keydata.find(SSH_END)
keydata = keydata[len(SSH_BEGIN):ssh_end]
keydata = u''.join([x.strip() for x in keydata.split()])
blob = binascii.a2b_base64(keydata)
blob = blob[len(OPENSSH_KEY_V1):]
packet = _SSHPacketReader(blob)
cipher_name = packet.get_string()
kdf = packet.get_string()
packet.get_string() # kdf_data
nkeys = packet.get_uint32()
packet.get_string() # public_key
key_data = packet.get_string()
mac = packet.get_remaining_payload()
block_size = 8
if cipher_name != b'none':
raise Exception('encrypted private keys not supported (please remove the passphrase from your private key or use SSH agent)')
if kdf != b'none':
raise Exception('passphrase encrypted private keys not supported')
if nkeys != 1:
raise Exception('multiple private keys in a key file not supported (found {} keys)'.format(nkeys))
if mac:
raise Exception('invalid OpenSSH private key (found remaining payload for mac)')
packet = _SSHPacketReader(key_data)
packet.get_uint32() # check1
packet.get_uint32() # check2
alg = packet.get_string()
if alg != b'ssh-ed25519':
raise Exception('invalid key type: we only support Ed25519 (found "{}")'.format(alg.decode('ascii')))
vk = packet.get_string()
sk = packet.get_string()
if len(vk) != bindings.crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES:
raise Exception('invalid public key length')
if len(sk) != bindings.crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES:
raise Exception('invalid public key length')
comment = packet.get_string() # comment
pad = packet.get_remaining_payload()
if len(pad) and (len(pad) >= block_size or pad != _makepad(len(pad))):
raise Exception('invalid OpenSSH private key (padlen={}, actual_pad={}, expected_pad={})'.format(len(pad), pad, _makepad(len(pad))))
# secret key (64 octets) = 32 octets seed || 32 octets secret key derived of seed
seed = sk[:bindings.crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES]
comment = comment.decode('ascii')
return seed, comment
def _read_signify_ed25519_signature(signature_file):
"""
Read a Ed25519 signature file created with OpenBSD signify.
http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/signify.1
"""
with open(signature_file) as f:
# signature file format: 2nd line is base64 of 'Ed' || 8 random octets || 64 octets Ed25519 signature
sig = binascii.a2b_base64(f.read().splitlines()[1])[10:]
if len(sig) != 64:
raise Exception('bogus Ed25519 signature: raw signature length was {}, but expected 64'.format(len(sig)))
return sig
def _read_signify_ed25519_pubkey(pubkey_file):
"""
Read a public key from a Ed25519 key pair created with OpenBSD signify.
http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/signify.1
"""
with open(pubkey_file) as f:
# signature file format: 2nd line is base64 of 'Ed' || 8 random octets || 32 octets Ed25519 public key
pubkey = binascii.a2b_base64(f.read().splitlines()[1])[10:]
if len(pubkey) != 32:
raise Exception('bogus Ed25519 public key: raw key length was {}, but expected 32'.format(len(pubkey)))
return pubkey
def _qrcode_from_signify_ed25519_pubkey(pubkey_file, mode='text'):
"""
Usage:
1. Get the OpenBSD 5.7 release public key from here
http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/etc/signify/Attic/openbsd-57-base.pub?rev=1.1
2. Generate QR Code and print to terminal
print(cryptosign._qrcode_from_signify_ed25519_pubkey('openbsd-57-base.pub'))
3. Compare to (scroll down) QR code here
https://www.openbsd.org/papers/bsdcan-signify.html
"""
assert(mode in ['text', 'svg'])
import pyqrcode
with open(pubkey_file) as f:
pubkey = f.read().splitlines()[1]
qr = pyqrcode.create(pubkey, error='L', mode='binary')
if mode == 'text':
return qr.terminal()
elif mode == 'svg':
import io
data_buffer = io.BytesIO()
qr.svg(data_buffer, omithw=True)
return data_buffer.getvalue()
else:
raise Exception('logic error')
def _verify_signify_ed25519_signature(pubkey_file, signature_file, message):
"""
Verify a Ed25519 signature created with OpenBSD signify.
This will raise a `nacl.exceptions.BadSignatureError` if the signature is bad
and return silently when the signature is good.
Usage:
1. Create a signature:
signify-openbsd -S -s ~/.signify/crossbario-trustroot.sec -m .profile
2. Verify the signature
from autobahn.wamp import cryptosign
with open('.profile', 'rb') as f:
message = f.read()
cryptosign._verify_signify_ed25519_signature('.signify/crossbario-trustroot.pub', '.profile.sig', message)
http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/signify.1
"""
pubkey = _read_signify_ed25519_pubkey(pubkey_file)
verify_key = signing.VerifyKey(pubkey)
sig = _read_signify_ed25519_signature(signature_file)
verify_key.verify(message, sig)
# SigningKey from
# - raw byte string or file with raw bytes
# - SSH private key string or key file
# - SSH agent proxy
#
# VerifyKey from
# - raw byte string or file with raw bytes
# - SSH public key string or key file
if HAS_CRYPTOSIGN:
@util.public
class SigningKey(object):
"""
A cryptosign private key for signing, and hence usable for authentication or a
public key usable for verification (but can't be used for signing).
"""
def __init__(self, key, comment=None):
"""
:param key: A Ed25519 private signing key or a Ed25519 public verification key.
:type key: instance of nacl.signing.VerifyKey or instance of nacl.signing.SigningKey
"""
if not (isinstance(key, signing.VerifyKey) or isinstance(key, signing.SigningKey)):
raise Exception("invalid type {} for key".format(type(key)))
if not (comment is None or type(comment) == six.text_type):
raise Exception("invalid type {} for comment".format(type(comment)))
self._key = key
self._comment = comment
self._can_sign = isinstance(key, signing.SigningKey)
def __str__(self):
comment = u'"{}"'.format(self.comment()) if self.comment() else None
return u'Key(can_sign={}, comment={}, public_key={})'.format(self.can_sign(), comment, self.public_key())
@util.public
def can_sign(self):
"""
Check if the key can be used to sign.
:returns: `True`, iff the key can sign.
:rtype: bool
"""
return self._can_sign
@util.public
def comment(self):
"""
Get the key comment (if any).
:returns: The comment (if any) from the key.
:rtype: str or None
"""
return self._comment
@util.public
def public_key(self, binary=False):
"""
Returns the public key part of a signing key or the (public) verification key.
:returns: The public key in Hex encoding.
:rtype: str or None
"""
if isinstance(self._key, signing.SigningKey):
key = self._key.verify_key
else:
key = self._key
if binary:
return key.encode()
else:
return key.encode(encoder=encoding.HexEncoder).decode('ascii')
@util.public
def sign(self, data):
"""
Sign some data.
:param data: The data to be signed.
:type data: bytes
:returns: The signature.
:rtype: bytes
"""
if not self._can_sign:
raise Exception("a signing key required to sign")
if type(data) != six.binary_type:
raise Exception("data to be signed must be binary")
# sig is a nacl.signing.SignedMessage
sig = self._key.sign(data)
# we only return the actual signature! if we return "sig",
# it get coerced into the concatenation of message + signature
# not sure which order, but we don't want that. we only want
# the signature
return txaio.create_future_success(sig.signature)
@util.public
def sign_challenge(self, session, challenge):
"""
Sign WAMP-cryptosign challenge.
:param challenge: The WAMP-cryptosign challenge object for which a signature should be computed.
:type challenge: instance of autobahn.wamp.types.Challenge
:returns: A Deferred/Future that resolves to the computed signature.
:rtype: str
"""
if not isinstance(challenge, Challenge):
raise Exception("challenge must be instance of autobahn.wamp.types.Challenge, not {}".format(type(challenge)))
if u'challenge' not in challenge.extra:
raise Exception("missing challenge value in challenge.extra")
# the challenge sent by the router (a 32 bytes random value)
challenge_hex = challenge.extra[u'challenge']
# the challenge for WAMP-cryptosign is a 32 bytes random value in Hex encoding (that is, a unicode string)
challenge_raw = binascii.a2b_hex(challenge_hex)
# if the transport has a channel ID, the message to be signed by the client actually
# is the XOR of the challenge and the channel ID
channel_id_raw = session._transport.get_channel_id()
if channel_id_raw:
data = util.xor(challenge_raw, channel_id_raw)
else:
data = challenge_raw
# a raw byte string is signed, and the signature is also a raw byte string
d1 = self.sign(data)
# asyncio lacks callback chaining (and we cannot use co-routines, since we want
# to support older Pythons), hence we need d2
d2 = txaio.create_future()
def process(signature_raw):
# convert the raw signature into a hex encode value (unicode string)
signature_hex = binascii.b2a_hex(signature_raw).decode('ascii')
# we return the concatenation of the signature and the message signed (96 bytes)
data_hex = binascii.b2a_hex(data).decode('ascii')
sig = signature_hex + data_hex
txaio.resolve(d2, sig)
txaio.add_callbacks(d1, process, None)
return d2
@util.public
@classmethod
def from_key_bytes(cls, keydata, comment=None):
if not (comment is None or type(comment) == six.text_type):
raise ValueError("invalid type {} for comment".format(type(comment)))
if len(keydata) != 32:
raise ValueError("invalid key length {}".format(len(keydata)))
key = signing.SigningKey(keydata)
return cls(key, comment)
@classmethod
def from_raw_key(cls, filename, comment=None):
"""
Load an Ed25519 (private) signing key (actually, the seed for the key) from a raw file of 32 bytes length.
This can be any random byte sequence, such as generated from Python code like
os.urandom(32)
or from the shell
dd if=/dev/urandom of=client02.key bs=1 count=32
:param filename: Filename of the key.
:type filename: str
:param comment: Comment for key (optional).
:type comment: str or None
"""
if not (comment is None or type(comment) == six.text_type):
raise Exception("invalid type {} for comment".format(type(comment)))
if type(filename) != six.text_type:
raise Exception("invalid type {} for filename".format(filename))
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
keydata = f.read()
return cls.from_key_bytes(keydata, comment=comment)
@util.public
@classmethod
def from_ssh_key(cls, filename):
"""
Load an Ed25519 key from a SSH key file. The key file can be a (private) signing
key (from a SSH private key file) or a (public) verification key (from a SSH
public key file). A private key file must be passphrase-less.
"""
SSH_BEGIN = u'-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----'
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
keydata = f.read().decode('utf-8').strip()
if keydata.startswith(SSH_BEGIN):
# OpenSSH private key
keydata, comment = _read_ssh_ed25519_privkey(keydata)
key = signing.SigningKey(keydata, encoder=encoding.RawEncoder)
else:
# OpenSSH public key
keydata, comment = _read_ssh_ed25519_pubkey(keydata)
key = signing.VerifyKey(keydata)
return cls(key, comment)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if not HAS_CRYPTOSIGN:
print('NaCl library must be installed for this to function.', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option('-f', '--file', dest='keyfile',
help='file containing ssh key')
parser.add_option('-p', action='store_true', dest='printpub', default=False,
help='print public key information')
options, args = parser.parse_args()
if not options.printpub:
print("Print public key must be specified as it's the only option.")
parser.print_usage()
sys.exit(1)
key = SigningKey.from_ssh_key(options.keyfile)
print(key.public_key())
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