This file is indexed.

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/keystoneauth1/session.py is in python3-keystoneauth1 3.4.0-0ubuntu1.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.

import datetime
import functools
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import platform
import socket
import sys
import time
import uuid

import requests
import six
from six.moves import urllib

import keystoneauth1
from keystoneauth1 import _utils as utils
from keystoneauth1 import discover
from keystoneauth1 import exceptions

try:
    import netaddr
except ImportError:
    netaddr = None

try:
    import osprofiler.web as osprofiler_web
except ImportError:
    osprofiler_web = None

DEFAULT_USER_AGENT = 'keystoneauth1/%s %s %s/%s' % (
    keystoneauth1.__version__, requests.utils.default_user_agent(),
    platform.python_implementation(), platform.python_version())

# NOTE(jamielennox): Clients will likely want to print more than json. Please
# propose a patch if you have a content type you think is reasonable to print
# here and we'll add it to the list as required.
_LOG_CONTENT_TYPES = set(['application/json'])

_logger = utils.get_logger(__name__)


def _construct_session(session_obj=None):
    # NOTE(morganfainberg): if the logic in this function changes be sure to
    # update the betamax fixture's '_construct_session_with_betamax" function
    # as well.
    if not session_obj:
        session_obj = requests.Session()
        # Use TCPKeepAliveAdapter to fix bug 1323862
        for scheme in list(session_obj.adapters):
            session_obj.mount(scheme, TCPKeepAliveAdapter())
    return session_obj


def _mv_legacy_headers_for_service(mv_service_type):
    """Workaround for services that predate standardization.

    TODO(sdague): eventually convert this to using os-service-types
    and put the logic there. However, right now this is so little
    logic, inlining it for release is a better call.

    """
    headers = []
    if mv_service_type == "compute":
        headers.append("X-OpenStack-Nova-API-Version")
    elif mv_service_type == "baremetal":
        headers.append("X-OpenStack-Ironic-API-Version")
    return headers


class _JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, o):
        if isinstance(o, datetime.datetime):
            return o.isoformat()
        if isinstance(o, uuid.UUID):
            return six.text_type(o)
        if netaddr and isinstance(o, netaddr.IPAddress):
            return six.text_type(o)

        return super(_JSONEncoder, self).default(o)


class _StringFormatter(object):
    """A String formatter that fetches values on demand."""

    def __init__(self, session, auth):
        self.session = session
        self.auth = auth

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        if item == 'project_id':
            value = self.session.get_project_id(self.auth)
        elif item == 'user_id':
            value = self.session.get_user_id(self.auth)
        else:
            raise AttributeError(item)

        if not value:
            raise ValueError("This type of authentication does not provide a "
                             "%s that can be substituted" % item)

        return value


def _determine_calling_package():
    """Walk the call frames trying to identify what is using this module."""
    # Create a lookup table mapping file name to module name. The ``inspect``
    # module does this but is far less efficient. Same story with the
    # frame walking below.  One could use ``inspect.stack()`` but it
    # has far more overhead.
    mod_lookup = dict((m.__file__, n) for n, m in sys.modules.items()
                      if hasattr(m, '__file__'))

    # NOTE(shaleh): these are not useful because they hide the real
    # user of the code. debtcollector did not import keystoneauth but
    # it will show up in the call stack. Similarly we do not want to
    # report ourselves or keystone client as the user agent. The real
    # user is the code importing them.
    ignored = ('debtcollector', 'keystoneauth1', 'keystoneclient')

    i = 0
    while True:
        i += 1

        try:
            # NOTE(shaleh): this is safe in CPython but could break in
            # other implementations of Python. Yes, the `inspect`
            # module could be used instead. But it does a lot more
            # work so it has worse performance.
            f = sys._getframe(i)
            try:
                name = mod_lookup[f.f_code.co_filename]
                # finds the full name module.foo.bar but all we need
                # is the module name.
                name, _, _ = name.partition('.')
                if name not in ignored:
                    return name
            except KeyError:
                pass  # builtin or the like
        except ValueError:
            # hit the bottom of the frame stack
            break

    return ''


def _determine_user_agent():
    """Attempt to programatically generate a user agent string.

    First, look at the name of the process. Return this unless it is in
    the `ignored` list.  Otherwise, look at the function call stack and
    try to find the name of the code that invoked this module.
    """
    # NOTE(shaleh): mod_wsgi is not any more useful than just
    # reporting "keystoneauth". Ignore it and perform the package name
    # heuristic.
    ignored = ('mod_wsgi', )

    try:
        name = sys.argv[0]
    except IndexError:
        # sys.argv is empty, usually the Python interpreter prevents this.
        return ''

    if not name:
        return ''

    name = os.path.basename(name)
    if name in ignored:
        name = _determine_calling_package()
    return name


class Session(object):
    """Maintains client communication state and common functionality.

    As much as possible the parameters to this class reflect and are passed
    directly to the :mod:`requests` library.

    :param auth: An authentication plugin to authenticate the session with.
                 (optional, defaults to None)
    :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin
    :param requests.Session session: A requests session object that can be used
                                     for issuing requests. (optional)
    :param str original_ip: The original IP of the requesting user which will
                            be sent to identity service in a 'Forwarded'
                            header. (optional)
    :param verify: The verification arguments to pass to requests. These are of
                   the same form as requests expects, so True or False to
                   verify (or not) against system certificates or a path to a
                   bundle or CA certs to check against or None for requests to
                   attempt to locate and use certificates. (optional, defaults
                   to True)
    :param cert: A client certificate to pass to requests. These are of the
                 same form as requests expects. Either a single filename
                 containing both the certificate and key or a tuple containing
                 the path to the certificate then a path to the key. (optional)
    :param float timeout: A timeout to pass to requests. This should be a
                          numerical value indicating some amount (or fraction)
                          of seconds or 0 for no timeout. (optional, defaults
                          to 0)
    :param str user_agent: A User-Agent header string to use for the request.
                           If not provided, a default of
                           :attr:`~keystoneauth1.session.DEFAULT_USER_AGENT` is
                           used, which contains the keystoneauth1 version as
                           well as those of the requests library and which
                           Python is being used. When a non-None value is
                           passed, it will be prepended to the default.
    :param int/bool redirect: Controls the maximum number of redirections that
                              can be followed by a request. Either an integer
                              for a specific count or True/False for
                              forever/never. (optional, default to 30)
    :param dict additional_headers: Additional headers that should be attached
                                    to every request passing through the
                                    session. Headers of the same name specified
                                    per request will take priority.
    :param str app_name: The name of the application that is creating the
                         session. This will be used to create the user_agent.
    :param str app_version: The version of the application creating the
                            session. This will be used to create the
                            user_agent.
    :param list additional_user_agent: A list of tuple of name, version that
                                       will be added to the user agent. This
                                       can be used by libraries that are part
                                       of the communication process.
    :param dict discovery_cache: A dict to be used for caching of discovery
                                 information. This is normally managed
                                 transparently, but if the user wants to
                                 share a single cache across multiple sessions
                                 that do not share an auth plugin, it can
                                 be provided here. (optional, defaults to
                                 None which means automatically manage)
    """

    user_agent = None

    _REDIRECT_STATUSES = (301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 308)

    _DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT = 30

    def __init__(self, auth=None, session=None, original_ip=None, verify=True,
                 cert=None, timeout=None, user_agent=None,
                 redirect=_DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, additional_headers=None,
                 app_name=None, app_version=None, additional_user_agent=None,
                 discovery_cache=None):

        self.auth = auth
        self.session = _construct_session(session)
        self.original_ip = original_ip
        self.verify = verify
        self.cert = cert
        self.timeout = None
        self.redirect = redirect
        self.additional_headers = additional_headers or {}
        self.app_name = app_name
        self.app_version = app_version
        self.additional_user_agent = additional_user_agent or []
        self._determined_user_agent = None
        if discovery_cache is None:
            discovery_cache = {}
        self._discovery_cache = discovery_cache

        if timeout is not None:
            self.timeout = float(timeout)

        if user_agent is not None:
            self.user_agent = "%s %s" % (user_agent, DEFAULT_USER_AGENT)

        self._json = _JSONEncoder()

    @property
    def adapters(self):
        return self.session.adapters

    @adapters.setter
    def adapters(self, value):
        self.session.adapters = value

    def mount(self, scheme, adapter):
        self.session.mount(scheme, adapter)

    def _remove_service_catalog(self, body):
        try:
            data = json.loads(body)

            # V3 token
            if 'token' in data and 'catalog' in data['token']:
                data['token']['catalog'] = '<removed>'
                return self._json.encode(data)

            # V2 token
            if 'serviceCatalog' in data['access']:
                data['access']['serviceCatalog'] = '<removed>'
                return self._json.encode(data)

        except Exception:
            # Don't fail trying to clean up the request body.
            pass
        return body

    @staticmethod
    def _process_header(header):
        """Redact the secure headers to be logged."""
        secure_headers = ('authorization', 'x-auth-token',
                          'x-subject-token', 'x-service-token')
        if header[0].lower() in secure_headers:
            token_hasher = hashlib.sha1()
            token_hasher.update(header[1].encode('utf-8'))
            token_hash = token_hasher.hexdigest()
            return (header[0], '{SHA1}%s' % token_hash)
        return header

    def _http_log_request(self, url, method=None, data=None,
                          json=None, headers=None, query_params=None,
                          logger=_logger):
        if not logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
            # NOTE(morganfainberg): This whole debug section is expensive,
            # there is no need to do the work if we're not going to emit a
            # debug log.
            return

        string_parts = ['REQ: curl -g -i']

        # NOTE(jamielennox): None means let requests do its default validation
        # so we need to actually check that this is False.
        if self.verify is False:
            string_parts.append('--insecure')
        elif isinstance(self.verify, six.string_types):
            string_parts.append('--cacert "%s"' % self.verify)

        if method:
            string_parts.extend(['-X', method])

        if query_params:
            # Don't check against `is not None` as this can be
            # an empty dictionary, which we shouldn't bother logging.
            url = url + '?' + urllib.parse.urlencode(query_params)
            # URLs with query strings need to be wrapped in quotes in order
            # for the CURL command to run properly.
            string_parts.append('"%s"' % url)
        else:
            string_parts.append(url)

        if headers:
            for header in headers.items():
                string_parts.append('-H "%s: %s"'
                                    % self._process_header(header))
        if json:
            data = self._json.encode(json)
        if data:
            if isinstance(data, six.binary_type):
                try:
                    data = data.decode("ascii")
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    data = "<binary_data>"
            string_parts.append("-d '%s'" % data)

        logger.debug(' '.join(string_parts))

    def _http_log_response(self, response=None, json=None,
                           status_code=None, headers=None, text=None,
                           logger=_logger):
        if not logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
            return

        if response is not None:
            if not status_code:
                status_code = response.status_code
            if not headers:
                headers = response.headers
            if not text:
                # NOTE(samueldmq): If the response does not provide enough info
                # about the content type to decide whether it is useful and
                # safe to log it or not, just do not log the body. Trying to
                # read the response body anyways may result on reading a long
                # stream of bytes and getting an unexpected MemoryError. See
                # bug 1616105 for further details.
                content_type = response.headers.get('content-type', None)

                # NOTE(lamt): Per [1], the Content-Type header can be of the
                # form Content-Type := type "/" subtype *[";" parameter]
                # [1] https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc1341/4_Content-Type.html
                for log_type in _LOG_CONTENT_TYPES:
                    if content_type is not None and content_type.startswith(
                            log_type):
                        text = self._remove_service_catalog(response.text)
                        break
                else:
                    text = ('Omitted, Content-Type is set to %s. Only '
                            '%s responses have their bodies logged.')
                    text = text % (content_type, ', '.join(_LOG_CONTENT_TYPES))
        if json:
            text = self._json.encode(json)

        string_parts = ['RESP:']

        if status_code:
            string_parts.append('[%s]' % status_code)
        if headers:
            for header in headers.items():
                string_parts.append('%s: %s' % self._process_header(header))
        if text:
            string_parts.append('\nRESP BODY: %s\n' % text)

        logger.debug(' '.join(string_parts))

    @staticmethod
    def _set_microversion_headers(
            headers, microversion, service_type, endpoint_filter):
        # We're converting it to normalized version number for two reasons.
        # First, to validate it's a real version number. Second, so that in
        # the future we can pre-validate that it is within the range of
        # available microversions before we send the request.
        # TODO(mordred) Validate when we get the response back that
        # the server executed in the microversion we expected.
        # TODO(mordred) Validate that the requested microversion works
        # with the microversion range we found in discovery.
        microversion = discover.normalize_version_number(microversion)
        # Can't specify a M.latest microversion
        if (microversion[0] != discover.LATEST and
                discover.LATEST in microversion[1:]):
            raise TypeError(
                "Specifying a '{major}.latest' microversion is not allowed.")
        microversion = discover.version_to_string(microversion)
        if not service_type:
            if endpoint_filter and 'service_type' in endpoint_filter:
                service_type = endpoint_filter['service_type']
            else:
                raise TypeError(
                    "microversion {microversion} was requested but no"
                    " service_type information is available. Either provide a"
                    " service_type in endpoint_filter or pass"
                    " microversion_service_type as an argument.".format(
                        microversion=microversion))

        # TODO(mordred) cinder uses volume in its microversion header. This
        # logic should be handled in the future by os-service-types but for
        # now hard-code for cinder.
        if (service_type.startswith('volume')
                or service_type == 'block-storage'):
            service_type = 'volume'
        headers.setdefault('OpenStack-API-Version',
                           '{service_type} {microversion}'.format(
                               service_type=service_type,
                               microversion=microversion))
        header_names = _mv_legacy_headers_for_service(service_type)
        for h in header_names:
            headers.setdefault(h, microversion)

    def request(self, url, method, json=None, original_ip=None,
                user_agent=None, redirect=None, authenticated=None,
                endpoint_filter=None, auth=None, requests_auth=None,
                raise_exc=True, allow_reauth=True, log=True,
                endpoint_override=None, connect_retries=0, logger=_logger,
                allow=None, client_name=None, client_version=None,
                microversion=None, microversion_service_type=None,
                **kwargs):
        """Send an HTTP request with the specified characteristics.

        Wrapper around `requests.Session.request` to handle tasks such as
        setting headers, JSON encoding/decoding, and error handling.

        Arguments that are not handled are passed through to the requests
        library.

        :param str url: Path or fully qualified URL of HTTP request. If only a
                        path is provided then endpoint_filter must also be
                        provided such that the base URL can be determined. If a
                        fully qualified URL is provided then endpoint_filter
                        will be ignored.
        :param str method: The http method to use. (e.g. 'GET', 'POST')
        :param str original_ip: Mark this request as forwarded for this ip.
                                (optional)
        :param dict headers: Headers to be included in the request. (optional)
        :param json: Some data to be represented as JSON. (optional)
        :param str user_agent: A user_agent to use for the request. If present
                               will override one present in headers. (optional)
        :param int/bool redirect: the maximum number of redirections that
                                  can be followed by a request. Either an
                                  integer for a specific count or True/False
                                  for forever/never. (optional)
        :param int connect_retries: the maximum number of retries that should
                                    be attempted for connection errors.
                                    (optional, defaults to 0 - never retry).
        :param bool authenticated: True if a token should be attached to this
                                   request, False if not or None for attach if
                                   an auth_plugin is available.
                                   (optional, defaults to None)
        :param dict endpoint_filter: Data to be provided to an auth plugin with
                                     which it should be able to determine an
                                     endpoint to use for this request. If not
                                     provided then URL is expected to be a
                                     fully qualified URL. (optional)
        :param str endpoint_override: The URL to use instead of looking up the
                                      endpoint in the auth plugin. This will be
                                      ignored if a fully qualified URL is
                                      provided but take priority over an
                                      endpoint_filter. This string may contain
                                      the values ``%(project_id)s`` and
                                      ``%(user_id)s`` to have those values
                                      replaced by the project_id/user_id of the
                                      current authentication. (optional)
        :param auth: The auth plugin to use when authenticating this request.
                     This will override the plugin that is attached to the
                     session (if any). (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin
        :param requests_auth: A requests library auth plugin that cannot be
                              passed via kwarg because the `auth` kwarg
                              collides with our own auth plugins. (optional)
        :type requests_auth: :py:class:`requests.auth.AuthBase`
        :param bool raise_exc: If True then raise an appropriate exception for
                               failed HTTP requests. If False then return the
                               request object. (optional, default True)
        :param bool allow_reauth: Allow fetching a new token and retrying the
                                  request on receiving a 401 Unauthorized
                                  response. (optional, default True)
        :param bool log: If True then log the request and response data to the
                         debug log. (optional, default True)
        :param logger: The logger object to use to log request and responses.
                       If not provided the keystoneauth1.session default
                       logger will be used.
        :type logger: logging.Logger
        :param dict allow: Extra filters to pass when discovering API
                           versions. (optional)
        :param microversion: Microversion to send for this request.
                       microversion can be given as a string or a tuple.
                       (optional)
        :param str microversion_service_type: The service_type to be sent in
                       the microversion header, if a microversion is given.
                       Defaults to the value of service_type from
                       endpoint_filter if one exists. If endpoint_filter is not
                       provided or does not have a service_type, microversion
                       is given and microversion_service_type is not provided,
                       an exception will be raised.
        :param kwargs: any other parameter that can be passed to
                       :meth:`requests.Session.request` (such as `headers`).
                       Except:

                       - `data` will be overwritten by the data in the `json`
                         param.
                       - `allow_redirects` is ignored as redirects are handled
                         by the session.

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.base.ClientException: For connection
            failure, or to indicate an error response code.

        :returns: The response to the request.
        """
        headers = kwargs.setdefault('headers', dict())
        if microversion:
            self._set_microversion_headers(
                headers, microversion, microversion_service_type,
                endpoint_filter)

        if authenticated is None:
            authenticated = bool(auth or self.auth)

        if authenticated:
            auth_headers = self.get_auth_headers(auth)

            if auth_headers is None:
                msg = 'No valid authentication is available'
                raise exceptions.AuthorizationFailure(msg)

            headers.update(auth_headers)

        if osprofiler_web:
            headers.update(osprofiler_web.get_trace_id_headers())

        # if we are passed a fully qualified URL and an endpoint_filter we
        # should ignore the filter. This will make it easier for clients who
        # want to overrule the default endpoint_filter data added to all client
        # requests. We check fully qualified here by the presence of a host.
        if not urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc:
            base_url = None

            if endpoint_override:
                base_url = endpoint_override % _StringFormatter(self, auth)
            elif endpoint_filter:
                base_url = self.get_endpoint(auth, allow=allow,
                                             **endpoint_filter)

            if not base_url:
                raise exceptions.EndpointNotFound()

            url = '%s/%s' % (base_url.rstrip('/'), url.lstrip('/'))

        if self.cert:
            kwargs.setdefault('cert', self.cert)

        if self.timeout is not None:
            kwargs.setdefault('timeout', self.timeout)

        if user_agent:
            headers['User-Agent'] = user_agent
        elif self.user_agent:
            user_agent = headers.setdefault('User-Agent', self.user_agent)
        else:
            # Per RFC 7231 Section 5.5.3, identifiers in a user-agent should be
            # ordered by decreasing significance.  If a user sets their product
            # that value will be used. Otherwise we attempt to derive a useful
            # product value. The value will be prepended it to the KSA version,
            # requests version, and then the Python version.

            agent = []

            if self.app_name and self.app_version:
                agent.append('%s/%s' % (self.app_name, self.app_version))
            elif self.app_name:
                agent.append(self.app_name)

            if client_name and client_version:
                agent.append('%s/%s' % (client_name, client_version))
            elif client_name:
                agent.append(client_name)

            for additional in self.additional_user_agent:
                agent.append('%s/%s' % additional)

            if not agent:
                # NOTE(jamielennox): determine_user_agent will return an empty
                # string on failure so checking for None will ensure it is only
                # called once even on failure.
                if self._determined_user_agent is None:
                    self._determined_user_agent = _determine_user_agent()

                if self._determined_user_agent:
                    agent.append(self._determined_user_agent)

            agent.append(DEFAULT_USER_AGENT)
            user_agent = headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ' '.join(agent))

        if self.original_ip:
            headers.setdefault('Forwarded',
                               'for=%s;by=%s' % (self.original_ip, user_agent))

        if json is not None:
            headers.setdefault('Content-Type', 'application/json')
            kwargs['data'] = self._json.encode(json)

        for k, v in self.additional_headers.items():
            headers.setdefault(k, v)

        kwargs.setdefault('verify', self.verify)

        if requests_auth:
            kwargs['auth'] = requests_auth

        # Query parameters that are included in the url string will
        # be logged properly, but those sent in the `params` parameter
        # (which the requests library handles) need to be explicitly
        # picked out so they can be included in the URL that gets loggged.
        query_params = kwargs.get('params', dict())

        if log:
            self._http_log_request(url, method=method,
                                   data=kwargs.get('data'),
                                   headers=headers,
                                   query_params=query_params,
                                   logger=logger)

        # Force disable requests redirect handling. We will manage this below.
        kwargs['allow_redirects'] = False

        if redirect is None:
            redirect = self.redirect

        send = functools.partial(self._send_request,
                                 url, method, redirect, log, logger,
                                 connect_retries)

        try:
            connection_params = self.get_auth_connection_params(auth=auth)
        except exceptions.MissingAuthPlugin:
            # NOTE(jamielennox): If we've gotten this far without an auth
            # plugin then we should be happy with allowing no additional
            # connection params. This will be the typical case for plugins
            # anyway.
            pass
        else:
            if connection_params:
                kwargs.update(connection_params)

        resp = send(**kwargs)

        # log callee and caller request-id for each api call
        if log:
            # service_name should be fetched from endpoint_filter if it is not
            # present then use service_type as service_name.
            service_name = None
            if endpoint_filter:
                service_name = endpoint_filter.get('service_name')
                if not service_name:
                    service_name = endpoint_filter.get('service_type')

            # Nova uses 'x-compute-request-id' and other services like
            # Glance, Cinder etc are using 'x-openstack-request-id' to store
            # request-id in the header
            request_id = (resp.headers.get('x-openstack-request-id') or
                          resp.headers.get('x-compute-request-id'))
            if request_id:
                logger.debug('%(method)s call to %(service_name)s for '
                             '%(url)s used request id '
                             '%(response_request_id)s',
                             {'method': resp.request.method,
                              'service_name': service_name,
                              'url': resp.url,
                              'response_request_id': request_id})

        # handle getting a 401 Unauthorized response by invalidating the plugin
        # and then retrying the request. This is only tried once.
        if resp.status_code == 401 and authenticated and allow_reauth:
            if self.invalidate(auth):
                auth_headers = self.get_auth_headers(auth)

                if auth_headers is not None:
                    headers.update(auth_headers)
                    resp = send(**kwargs)

        if raise_exc and resp.status_code >= 400:
            logger.debug('Request returned failure status: %s',
                         resp.status_code)
            raise exceptions.from_response(resp, method, url)

        return resp

    def _send_request(self, url, method, redirect, log, logger,
                      connect_retries, connect_retry_delay=0.5, **kwargs):
        # NOTE(jamielennox): We handle redirection manually because the
        # requests lib follows some browser patterns where it will redirect
        # POSTs as GETs for certain statuses which is not want we want for an
        # API. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post/Redirect/Get

        # NOTE(jamielennox): The interaction between retries and redirects are
        # handled naively. We will attempt only a maximum number of retries and
        # redirects rather than per request limits. Otherwise the extreme case
        # could be redirects * retries requests. This will be sufficient in
        # most cases and can be fixed properly if there's ever a need.

        try:
            try:
                resp = self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
            except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
                msg = 'SSL exception connecting to %(url)s: %(error)s' % {
                    'url': url, 'error': e}
                raise exceptions.SSLError(msg)
            except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
                msg = 'Request to %s timed out' % url
                raise exceptions.ConnectTimeout(msg)
            except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
                # NOTE(sdague): urllib3/requests connection error is a
                # translation of SocketError. However, SocketError
                # happens for many different reasons, and that low
                # level message is often really important in figuring
                # out the difference between network misconfigurations
                # and firewall blocking.
                msg = 'Unable to establish connection to %s: %s' % (url, e)
                raise exceptions.ConnectFailure(msg)
            except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
                msg = 'Unexpected exception for %(url)s: %(error)s' % {
                    'url': url, 'error': e}
                raise exceptions.UnknownConnectionError(msg, e)

        except exceptions.RetriableConnectionFailure as e:
            if connect_retries <= 0:
                raise

            logger.info('Failure: %(e)s. Retrying in %(delay).1fs.',
                        {'e': e, 'delay': connect_retry_delay})
            time.sleep(connect_retry_delay)

            return self._send_request(
                url, method, redirect, log, logger,
                connect_retries=connect_retries - 1,
                connect_retry_delay=connect_retry_delay * 2,
                **kwargs)

        if log:
            self._http_log_response(response=resp, logger=logger)

        if resp.status_code in self._REDIRECT_STATUSES:
            # be careful here in python True == 1 and False == 0
            if isinstance(redirect, bool):
                redirect_allowed = redirect
            else:
                redirect -= 1
                redirect_allowed = redirect >= 0

            if not redirect_allowed:
                return resp

            try:
                location = resp.headers['location']
            except KeyError:
                logger.warning("Failed to redirect request to %s as new "
                               "location was not provided.", resp.url)
            else:
                # NOTE(jamielennox): We don't pass through connect_retry_delay.
                # This request actually worked so we can reset the delay count.
                new_resp = self._send_request(
                    location, method, redirect, log, logger,
                    connect_retries=connect_retries,
                    **kwargs)

                if not isinstance(new_resp.history, list):
                    new_resp.history = list(new_resp.history)
                new_resp.history.insert(0, resp)
                resp = new_resp

        return resp

    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a HEAD request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``HEAD``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'HEAD', **kwargs)

    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a GET request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``GET``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'GET', **kwargs)

    def post(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a POST request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``POST``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'POST', **kwargs)

    def put(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a PUT request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``PUT``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'PUT', **kwargs)

    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a DELETE request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``DELETE``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'DELETE', **kwargs)

    def patch(self, url, **kwargs):
        """Perform a PATCH request.

        This calls :py:meth:`.request()` with ``method`` set to ``PATCH``.

        """
        return self.request(url, 'PATCH', **kwargs)

    def _auth_required(self, auth, msg):
        if not auth:
            auth = self.auth

        if not auth:
            msg_fmt = 'An auth plugin is required to %s'
            raise exceptions.MissingAuthPlugin(msg_fmt % msg)

        return auth

    def get_auth_headers(self, auth=None, **kwargs):
        """Return auth headers as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin
                     on the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth.AuthorizationFailure:
            if a new token fetch fails.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.

        :returns: Authentication headers or None for failure.
        :rtype: :class:`dict`
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'fetch a token')
        return auth.get_headers(self, **kwargs)

    def get_token(self, auth=None):
        """Return a token as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin
                     on the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth.AuthorizationFailure:
             if a new token fetch fails.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.

        .. warning::
            **DEPRECATED**: This assumes that the only header that is used to
            authenticate a message is ``X-Auth-Token``. This may not be
            correct. Use :meth:`get_auth_headers` instead.

        :returns: A valid token.
        :rtype: string
        """
        return (self.get_auth_headers(auth) or {}).get('X-Auth-Token')

    def get_endpoint(self, auth=None, **kwargs):
        """Get an endpoint as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin on
                     the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.

        :returns: An endpoint if available or None.
        :rtype: string
        """
        if 'endpoint_override' in kwargs:
            return kwargs['endpoint_override']

        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'determine endpoint URL')

        return auth.get_endpoint(self, **kwargs)

    def get_endpoint_data(self, auth=None, **kwargs):
        """Get endpoint data as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin on
                     the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.
        :raises TypeError: If arguments are invalid

        :returns: Endpoint data if available or None.
        :rtype: keystoneauth1.discover.EndpointData
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'determine endpoint URL')
        return auth.get_endpoint_data(self, **kwargs)

    def get_api_major_version(self, auth=None, **kwargs):
        """Get the major API version as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin on
                     the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin: if a
            plugin is not available.

        :return: The major version of the API of the service discovered.
        :rtype: tuple or None
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'determine endpoint URL')
        return auth.get_api_major_version(self, **kwargs)

    def get_auth_connection_params(self, auth=None, **kwargs):
        """Return auth connection params as provided by the auth plugin.

        An auth plugin may specify connection parameters to the request like
        providing a client certificate for communication.

        We restrict the values that may be returned from this function to
        prevent an auth plugin overriding values unrelated to connection
        parmeters. The values that are currently accepted are:

        - `cert`: a path to a client certificate, or tuple of client
          certificate and key pair that are used with this request.
        - `verify`: a boolean value to indicate verifying SSL certificates
          against the system CAs or a path to a CA file to verify with.

        These values are passed to the requests library and further information
        on accepted values may be found there.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for tokens. Overrides the plugin
                     on the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth.AuthorizationFailure:
            if a new token fetch fails.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.UnsupportedParameters:
            if the plugin returns a parameter that is not supported by this
            session.

        :returns: Authentication headers or None for failure.
        :rtype: :class:`dict`
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'fetch connection params')
        params = auth.get_connection_params(self, **kwargs)

        # NOTE(jamielennox): There needs to be some consensus on what
        # parameters are allowed to be modified by the auth plugin here.
        # Ideally I think it would be only the send() parts of the request
        # flow. For now lets just allow certain elements.
        params_copy = params.copy()

        for arg in ('cert', 'verify'):
            try:
                kwargs[arg] = params_copy.pop(arg)
            except KeyError:
                pass

        if params_copy:
            raise exceptions.UnsupportedParameters(list(params_copy.keys()))

        return params

    def invalidate(self, auth=None):
        """Invalidate an authentication plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to invalidate. Overrides the plugin on the
                     session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'validate')
        return auth.invalidate()

    def get_user_id(self, auth=None):
        """Return the authenticated user_id as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin
                     on the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth.AuthorizationFailure:
            if a new token fetch fails.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.

        :returns: Current user_id or None if not supported by plugin.
        :rtype: :class:`str`
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'get user_id')
        return auth.get_user_id(self)

    def get_project_id(self, auth=None):
        """Return the authenticated project_id as provided by the auth plugin.

        :param auth: The auth plugin to use for token. Overrides the plugin
                     on the session. (optional)
        :type auth: keystoneauth1.plugin.BaseAuthPlugin

        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth.AuthorizationFailure:
            if a new token fetch fails.
        :raises keystoneauth1.exceptions.auth_plugins.MissingAuthPlugin:
            if a plugin is not available.

        :returns: Current project_id or None if not supported by plugin.
        :rtype: :class:`str`
        """
        auth = self._auth_required(auth, 'get project_id')
        return auth.get_project_id(self)


REQUESTS_VERSION = tuple(int(v) for v in requests.__version__.split('.'))


class TCPKeepAliveAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
    """The custom adapter used to set TCP Keep-Alive on all connections.

    This Adapter also preserves the default behaviour of Requests which
    disables Nagle's Algorithm. See also:
    https://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazurestorage/archive/2010/06/25/nagle-s-algorithm-is-not-friendly-towards-small-requests.aspx
    """

    def init_poolmanager(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if 'socket_options' not in kwargs and REQUESTS_VERSION >= (2, 4, 1):
            socket_options = [
                # Keep Nagle's algorithm off
                (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1),
                # Turn on TCP Keep-Alive
                (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
            ]

            # Some operating systems (e.g., OSX) do not support setting
            # keepidle
            if hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPIDLE'):
                socket_options += [
                    # Wait 60 seconds before sending keep-alive probes
                    (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, 60)
                ]

            # Windows subsystem for Linux does not support this feature
            if (hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPCNT') and
                    not utils.is_windows_linux_subsystem):
                socket_options += [
                    # Set the maximum number of keep-alive probes
                    (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, 4),
                ]

            if hasattr(socket, 'TCP_KEEPINTVL'):
                socket_options += [
                    # Send keep-alive probes every 15 seconds
                    (socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, 15),
                ]

            # After waiting 60 seconds, and then sending a probe once every 15
            # seconds 4 times, these options should ensure that a connection
            # hands for no longer than 2 minutes before a ConnectionError is
            # raised.
            kwargs['socket_options'] = socket_options
        super(TCPKeepAliveAdapter, self).init_poolmanager(*args, **kwargs)