/usr/bin/crudini is in crudini 0.7-1.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o755.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:fileencoding=utf8
#
# Copyright (C) 2013-2015, Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GPLv2, the GNU General Public License version 2, as
# published by the Free Software Foundation. http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
import atexit
from cStringIO import StringIO
import ConfigParser
import contextlib
import errno
import getopt
import hashlib
import iniparse
import os
import pipes
import shutil
import string
import sys
import tempfile
def error(message=None):
if message:
sys.stderr.write(message+'\n')
def delete_if_exists(path):
"""Delete a file, but ignore file not found error.
"""
try:
os.unlink(path)
except EnvironmentError as e:
if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
print str(e)
raise
# XXX: should be done in iniparse. Used to
# add support for ini files without a section
class AddDefaultSection():
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
self.first = True
def readline(self):
if self.first:
self.first = False
return '[%s]' % iniparse.DEFAULTSECT
else:
return self.fp.readline()
class FileLock(object):
"""Advisory file based locking. This should be reasonably cross platform
and also work over distributed file systems."""
def __init__(self, exclusive=False):
# In inplace mode, the process must be careful to not close this fp
# until finished, nor open and close another fp associated with the
# file.
self.fp = None
self.locked = False
if os.name == 'nt':
import msvcrt
def lock(self):
msvcrt.locking(self.fp, msvcrt.LK_LOCK, 1)
self.locked = True
def unlock(self):
if self.locked:
msvcrt.locking(self.fp, msvcrt.LK_UNLCK, 1)
self.locked = False
else:
import fcntl
def lock(self):
operation = fcntl.LOCK_EX if exclusive else fcntl.LOCK_SH
fcntl.lockf(self.fp, operation)
self.locked = True
def unlock(self):
if self.locked:
fcntl.lockf(self.fp, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
self.locked = False
FileLock.lock = lock
FileLock.unlock = unlock
class LockedFile(FileLock):
"""Open a file with advisory locking. This provides the Isolation
property of ACID, to avoid missing writes. In addition this provides AC
properties of ACID if crudini is the only logic accessing the ini file.
This should work on most platforms and distributed file systems.
Caveats in --inplace mode:
- File must be writeable
- File should be generally non readable to avoid read lock DoS.
Caveats in replace mode:
- Possibility of stale lock files left on crash leading to deadlock.
- Less responsive when there is contention."""
def __init__(self, filename, operation, inplace, create):
self.fp_cmp = None
self.filename = filename
self.operation = operation
FileLock.__init__(self, operation != "--get")
atexit.register(self.delete)
open_mode = os.O_RDONLY
if operation != "--get":
# We're only reading here, but we check now for write
# permissions we'll need in --inplace case to avoid
# redundant processing.
# Also an exlusive lock needs write perms anyway.
open_mode = os.O_RDWR
if create and operation != '--del':
open_mode += os.O_CREAT
try:
self.fp = os.fdopen(os.open(self.filename, open_mode, 0o666))
if inplace:
# In general readers (--get) are protected by file_replace(),
# but using read lock here gives AC of the ACID properties
# when only accessing the file through crudini even with
# file_rewrite().
self.lock()
else:
# The file may have been renamed since the open so recheck
while True:
self.lock()
fpnew = os.fdopen(os.open(self.filename, open_mode, 0o666))
if os.path.sameopenfile(self.fp.fileno(), fpnew.fileno()):
# Note we don't fpnew.close() here as that would break
# any existing fcntl lock (fcntl.lockf is an fcntl lock
# despite the name). We don't use flock() at present
# as that's less consistent across platforms and may
# be an fcntl lock on NFS anyway for example.
self.fp_cmp = fpnew
break
else:
self.fp.close()
self.fp = fpnew
except EnvironmentError as e:
# Treat --del on a non existing file as operating on NULL data
# which will be deemed unchanged, and thus not re{written,created}
# We don't exit early here so that --verbose is also handled.
if create and operation == '--del' \
and e.errno in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.ENOENT):
self.fp = StringIO('')
else:
error(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
def delete(self):
# explicit close so closed in correct order if taking lock multiple
# times, and also explicit "delete" needed to avoid implicit __del__
# after os module is unloaded.
self.unlock()
if self.fp:
self.fp.close()
if self.fp_cmp:
self.fp_cmp.close()
# Note we use RawConfigParser rather than SafeConfigParser
# to avoid unwanted variable interpolation.
# Note iniparse doesn't currently support allow_no_value=True.
class CrudiniConfigParser(iniparse.RawConfigParser):
def __init__(self, preserve_case=False):
iniparse.RawConfigParser.__init__(self)
if preserve_case:
self.optionxform = str
class Print():
"""Use for default output format."""
def section_header(self, section):
"""Print section header.
:param section: str
"""
print section
def name_value(self, name, value, section=None):
"""Print parameter.
:param name: str
:param value: str
:param section: str (default 'None')
"""
print name or value
class PrintIni(Print):
"""Use for ini output format."""
def section_header(self, section):
print "[%s]" % section
def name_value(self, name, value, section=None):
print name, '=', value.replace('\n', '\n ')
class PrintLines(Print):
"""Use for lines output format."""
def name_value(self, name, value, section=None):
# Both unambiguous and easily parseable by shell. Caveat is
# that sections and values with spaces are awkward to split in shell
if section:
line = '[ %s ]' % section
if name:
line += ' '
if name:
line += '%s' % name
if value:
line += ' = %s' % value.replace('\n', '\\n')
print line
class PrintSh(Print):
"""Use for shell output format."""
@staticmethod
def _valid_sh_identifier(
i,
safe_chars=frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_')
):
"""Provide validation of the output identifiers as it's dangerous to
leave validation to shell. Consider for example doing eval on this in
shell: rm -Rf /;oops=val
:param i: str
:param sh_safe_id_chars: frozenset
:return: bool
"""
if i[0] in string.digits:
return False
for c in i:
if c not in safe_chars:
return False
return True
def name_value(self, name, value, section=None):
if not PrintSh._valid_sh_identifier(name):
error('Invalid sh identifier: %s' % name)
sys.exit(1)
sys.stdout.write("%s=%s\n" % (name, pipes.quote(value)))
class Crudini():
mode = fmt = update = inplace = cfgfile = output = section = param = \
value = vlist = listsep = verbose = None
locked_file = None
section_explicit_default = False
data = None
conf = None
added_default_section = False
_print = None
# The following exits cleanly on Ctrl-C,
# while treating other exceptions as before.
@staticmethod
def cli_exception(type, value, tb):
if not issubclass(type, KeyboardInterrupt):
sys.__excepthook__(type, value, tb)
@staticmethod
@contextlib.contextmanager
def remove_file_on_error(path):
"""Protect code that wants to operate on PATH atomically.
Any exception will cause PATH to be removed.
"""
try:
yield
except Exception:
t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
delete_if_exists(path)
raise t, v, tb
@staticmethod
def file_replace(name, data):
"""Replace file as atomically as possible,
fulfilling and AC properties of ACID.
This is essentially using method 9 from:
http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/unix_file_replacement.html
Caveats:
- Changes ownership of the file being edited
by non root users (due to POSIX interface limitations).
- Loses any extended attributes of the original file
(due to the simplicity of this implementation).
- Existing hardlinks will be separated from the
newly replaced file.
- Ignores the write permissions of the original file.
- Requires write permission on the directory as well as the file.
- With python2 on windows we don't fulfil the A ACID property.
To avoid the above caveats see the --inplace option.
"""
(f, tmp) = tempfile.mkstemp(".tmp", prefix=name+".", dir=".")
with Crudini.remove_file_on_error(tmp):
shutil.copystat(name, tmp)
if hasattr(os, 'fchown') and os.geteuid() == 0:
st = os.stat(name)
os.fchown(f, st.st_uid, st.st_gid)
os.write(f, data)
os.fsync(f) # See http://stackoverflow.com/q/7433057/4421
os.close(f)
if hasattr(os, 'replace'): # >= python 3.3
os.replace(tmp, name) # atomic even on windos
elif os.name == 'posix':
os.rename(tmp, name) # atomic on POSIX
else:
backup = tmp+'.backup'
os.rename(name, backup)
os.rename(tmp, name)
delete_if_exists(backup)
# Sync out the new directory entry also
O_DIRECTORY = os.O_DIRECTORY if hasattr(os, 'O_DIRECTORY') else 0
dirfd = os.open(os.path.dirname(name) or '.', O_DIRECTORY)
os.fsync(dirfd)
os.close(dirfd)
@staticmethod
def file_rewrite(name, data):
"""Rewrite file inplace avoiding the caveats
noted in file_replace().
Caveats:
- Not Atomic as readers may see incomplete data for a while.
- Not Consistent as multiple writers may overlap.
- Less Durable as existing data truncated before I/O completes.
- Requires write access to file rather than write access to dir.
"""
with open(name, 'w') as f:
f.write(data)
f.flush()
os.fsync(f.fileno())
@staticmethod
def init_iniparse_defaultsect():
try:
iniparse.DEFAULTSECT
except AttributeError:
iniparse.DEFAULTSECT = 'DEFAULT'
# TODO item should be items and split also
# especially in merge mode
@staticmethod
def update_list(curr_val, item, mode, sep):
curr_items = []
use_space = True
if curr_val:
if sep is None:
use_space = ' ' in curr_val or ',' not in curr_val
curr_items = [v.strip() for v in curr_val.split(",")]
else:
curr_items = curr_val.split(sep)
if mode == "--set":
if item not in curr_items:
curr_items.append(item)
elif mode == "--del":
try:
curr_items.remove(item)
except ValueError:
pass
if sep is None:
sep = ","
if use_space:
sep += " "
return sep.join(curr_items)
def usage(self, exitval=0):
cmd = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
output = sys.stderr if exitval else sys.stdout
output.write("""\
A utility for manipulating ini files
Usage: %s --set [OPTION]... config_file section [param] [value]
or: %s --get [OPTION]... config_file [section] [param]
or: %s --del [OPTION]... config_file section [param] [list value]
or: %s --merge [OPTION]... config_file [section]
Options:
--existing[=WHAT] For --set, --del and --merge, fail if item is missing,
where WHAT is 'file', 'section', or 'param', or if
not specified; all specified items.
--format=FMT For --get, select the output FMT.
Formats are sh,ini,lines
--inplace Lock and write files in place.
This is not atomic but has less restrictions
than the default replacement method.
--list For --set and --del, update a list (set) of values
--list-sep=STR Delimit list values with \"STR\" instead of \" ,\"
--output=FILE Write output to FILE instead. '-' means stdout
--verbose Indicate on stderr if changes were made
""" % (cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd)
)
sys.exit(exitval)
def parse_options(self):
# Handle optional arg to long option
# The gettopt module should really support this
for i, opt in enumerate(sys.argv):
if opt == '--existing':
sys.argv[i] = '--existing='
elif opt == '--':
break
try:
long_options = [
'del',
'existing=',
'format=',
'get',
'help',
'inplace',
'list',
'list-sep=',
'merge',
'output=',
'set',
'verbose',
'version'
]
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], '', long_options)
except getopt.GetoptError, e:
error(str(e))
self.usage(1)
for o, a in opts:
if o in ('--help',):
self.usage(0)
elif o in ('--version',):
print 'crudini 0.7'
sys.exit(0)
elif o in ('--verbose',):
self.verbose = True
elif o in ('--set', '--del', '--get', '--merge'):
if self.mode:
error('One of --set|--del|--get|--merge can be specified')
self.usage(1)
self.mode = o
elif o in ('--format',):
self.fmt = a
if self.fmt not in ('sh', 'ini', 'lines'):
error('--format not recognized: %s' % self.fmt)
self.usage(1)
elif o in ('--existing',):
self.update = a or 'param' # 'param' implies all must exist
if self.update not in ('file', 'section', 'param'):
error('--existing item not recognized: %s' % self.update)
self.usage(1)
elif o in ('--inplace',):
self.inplace = True
elif o in ('--list',):
self.vlist = "set" # TODO support combos of list, sorted, ...
elif o in ('--list-sep',):
self.listsep = a
elif o in ('--output',):
self.output = a
if not self.mode:
error('One of --set|--del|--get|--merge must be specified')
self.usage(1)
try:
self.cfgfile = args[0]
self.section = args[1]
self.param = args[2]
self.value = args[3]
except IndexError:
pass
if not self.output:
self.output = self.cfgfile
if self.cfgfile is None:
self.usage(1)
if self.section is None and self.mode in ('--del', '--set'):
self.usage(1)
if self.param is not None and self.mode in ('--merge',):
self.usage(1)
if self.value is not None and self.mode not in ('--set',):
if not (self.mode == '--del' and self.vlist):
error('A value should not be specified with %s' % self.mode)
self.usage(1)
if self.mode == '--merge' and self.fmt == 'sh':
# I'm not sure how useful is is to support this.
# printenv will already generate a mostly compat ini format.
# If you want to also include non exported vars (from `set`),
# then there is a format change.
error('sh format input is not supported at present')
sys.exit(1)
# Protect against generating non parseable ini files
if self.section and ('[' in self.section or ']' in self.section):
error("section names should not contain '[' or ']': %s" %
self.section)
sys.exit(1)
if self.param and self.param.startswith('['):
error("param names should not start with '[': %s" % self.param)
sys.exit(1)
if self.fmt == 'lines':
self._print = PrintLines()
elif self.fmt == 'sh':
self._print = PrintSh()
elif self.fmt == 'ini':
self._print = PrintIni()
else:
self._print = Print()
def _has_default_section(self):
fp = StringIO(self.data)
for line in fp:
if line.startswith('[%s]' % iniparse.DEFAULTSECT):
return True
return False
def _chksum(self, data):
h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(data)
return h.digest()
def _parse_file(self, filename, add_default=False, preserve_case=False):
try:
if self.data is None:
# Read all data up front as this is done by iniparse anyway
# Doing it here will avoid rereads on reparse and support
# correct parsing of stdin
if filename == '-':
self.data = sys.stdin.read()
else:
self.data = self.locked_file.fp.read()
if self.mode != '--get':
# compare checksums to flag any changes
# (even spacing or case adjustments) with --verbose,
# and to avoid rewriting the file if not necessary
self.chksum = self._chksum(self.data)
if self.data.startswith('\n'):
self.newline_at_start = True
else:
self.newline_at_start = False
fp = StringIO(self.data)
if add_default:
fp = AddDefaultSection(fp)
conf = CrudiniConfigParser(preserve_case=preserve_case)
conf.readfp(fp)
return conf
except EnvironmentError as e:
error(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
def parse_file(self, filename, preserve_case=False):
self.added_default_section = False
self.data = None
if filename != '-':
self.locked_file = LockedFile(filename, self.mode, self.inplace,
not self.update)
try:
conf = self._parse_file(filename, preserve_case=preserve_case)
if not conf.items(iniparse.DEFAULTSECT):
# Check if there is just [DEFAULT] in a file with no
# name=values to avoid adding a duplicate section.
if not self._has_default_section():
# reparse with inserted [DEFAULT] to be able to add global
# opts etc.
conf = self._parse_file(
filename,
add_default=True,
preserve_case=preserve_case
)
self.added_default_section = True
except ConfigParser.MissingSectionHeaderError:
conf = self._parse_file(
filename,
add_default=True,
preserve_case=preserve_case
)
self.added_default_section = True
except ConfigParser.ParsingError as e:
error(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
self.data = None
return conf
def set_name_value(self, section, param, value):
curr_val = None
if self.update in ('param', 'section'):
if param is None:
if not (
section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT or
self.conf.has_section(section)
):
raise ConfigParser.NoSectionError(section)
else:
try:
curr_val = self.conf.get(section, param)
except ConfigParser.NoSectionError:
if self.update == 'section':
raise
except ConfigParser.NoOptionError:
if self.update == 'param':
raise
elif (section != iniparse.DEFAULTSECT and
not self.conf.has_section(section)):
if self.mode == "--del":
return
else:
# Note this always adds a '\n' before the section name
# resulting in double spaced sections or blank line at
# the start of a new file to which a new section is added.
# We handle the empty file case at least when writing.
self.conf.add_section(section)
if param is not None:
if self.update not in ('param', 'section'):
try:
curr_val = self.conf.get(section, param)
except ConfigParser.NoOptionError:
if self.mode == "--del":
return
if value is None:
value = ''
if self.vlist:
value = self.update_list(
curr_val,
value,
self.mode,
self.listsep
)
self.conf.set(section, param, value)
def command_set(self):
"""Insert a section/parameter."""
self.set_name_value(self.section, self.param, self.value)
def command_merge(self):
"""Merge an ini file from another ini."""
for msection in [iniparse.DEFAULTSECT] + self.mconf.sections():
if msection == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT:
defaults_to_strip = {}
else:
defaults_to_strip = self.mconf.defaults()
items = self.mconf.items(msection)
set_param = False
for item in items:
# XXX: Note this doesn't update an item in section
# if matching value also in default (global) section.
if defaults_to_strip.get(item[0]) != item[1]:
ignore_errs = (ConfigParser.NoOptionError,)
if self.section is not None:
msection = self.section
elif self.update not in ('param', 'section'):
ignore_errs += (ConfigParser.NoSectionError,)
try:
set_param = True
self.set_name_value(msection, item[0], item[1])
except ignore_errs:
pass
# For empty sections ensure the section header is added
if not set_param and self.section is None:
self.set_name_value(msection, None, None)
def command_del(self):
"""Delete a section/parameter."""
if self.param is None:
if self.section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT:
for name in self.conf.defaults():
self.conf.remove_option(iniparse.DEFAULTSECT, name)
else:
if not self.conf.remove_section(self.section) \
and self.update in ('param', 'section'):
raise ConfigParser.NoSectionError(self.section)
elif self.value is None:
try:
if not self.conf.remove_option(self.section, self.param) \
and self.update == 'param':
raise ConfigParser.NoOptionError(self.section, self.param)
except ConfigParser.NoSectionError:
if self.update in ('param', 'section'):
raise
else: # remove item from list
self.set_name_value(self.section, self.param, self.value)
def command_get(self):
"""Output a section/parameter"""
if self.fmt != 'lines':
if self.section is None:
if self.conf.defaults():
self._print.section_header(iniparse.DEFAULTSECT)
for item in self.conf.sections():
self._print.section_header(item)
elif self.param is None:
if self.fmt == 'ini':
self._print.section_header(self.section)
if self.section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT:
defaults_to_strip = {}
else:
defaults_to_strip = self.conf.defaults()
for item in self.conf.items(self.section):
# XXX: Note this strips an item from section
# if matching value also in default (global) section.
if defaults_to_strip.get(item[0]) != item[1]:
if self.fmt:
val = item[1]
else:
val = None
self._print.name_value(item[0], val)
else:
val = self.conf.get(self.section, self.param)
if self.fmt:
name = self.param
else:
name = None
self._print.name_value(name, val)
else:
if self.section is None:
sections = self.conf.sections()
if self.conf.defaults():
sections.insert(0, iniparse.DEFAULTSECT)
else:
sections = (self.section,)
if self.param is not None:
val = self.conf.get(self.section, self.param)
self._print.name_value(self.param, val, self.section)
else:
for section in sections:
if section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT:
defaults_to_strip = {}
else:
defaults_to_strip = self.conf.defaults()
items = False
for item in self.conf.items(section):
# XXX: Note this strips an item from section
# if matching value also in default (global) section.
if defaults_to_strip.get(item[0]) != item[1]:
val = item[1]
self._print.name_value(item[0], val, section)
items = True
if not items:
self._print.name_value(None, None, section)
def run(self):
if sys.stdin.isatty():
sys.excepthook = Crudini.cli_exception
Crudini.init_iniparse_defaultsect()
self.parse_options()
self.section_explicit_default = False
if self.section == '':
self.section = iniparse.DEFAULTSECT
elif self.section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT:
self.section_explicit_default = True
if self.mode == '--merge':
self.mconf = self.parse_file('-', preserve_case=True)
self.madded_default_section = self.added_default_section
try:
self.conf = self.parse_file(self.cfgfile)
except ConfigParser.ParsingError as e:
error('Error parsing %s: %s' % (self.cfgfile, e.message))
sys.exit(1)
# Take the [DEFAULT] header from the input if present
if (
self.mode == '--merge' and
self.update not in ('param', 'section') and
not self.madded_default_section and
self.mconf.items(iniparse.DEFAULTSECT)
):
self.added_default_section = self.madded_default_section
try:
if self.mode == '--set':
self.command_set()
elif self.mode == '--merge':
self.command_merge()
elif self.mode == '--del':
self.command_del()
elif self.mode == '--get':
self.command_get()
except ConfigParser.NoSectionError as e:
error('Section not found: %s' % e.section)
sys.exit(1)
except ConfigParser.NoOptionError:
error('Parameter not found: %s' % self.param)
sys.exit(1)
if self.mode != '--get':
# XXX: Ideally we should just do conf.write(f) here,
# but to avoid iniparse issues, we massage the data a little here
str_data = str(self.conf.data)
if len(str_data) and str_data[-1] != '\n':
str_data += '\n'
if (
(
self.added_default_section and
not (
self.section_explicit_default and
self.mode in ('--set', '--merge')
)
) or
(
self.mode == '--del' and
self.section == iniparse.DEFAULTSECT and
self.param is None
)
):
# See note at add_section() call above detailing
# where this extra \n comes from that we handle
# here for the edge case of new files.
default_sect = '[%s]\n' % iniparse.DEFAULTSECT
if not self.newline_at_start and \
str_data.startswith(default_sect + '\n'):
str_data = str_data[len(default_sect) + 1:]
else:
str_data = str_data.replace(default_sect, '', 1)
try:
changed = self.chksum != self._chksum(str_data)
if self.output == '-':
sys.stdout.write(str_data)
elif changed:
if self.inplace:
self.file_rewrite(self.output, str_data)
else:
self.file_replace(self.output, str_data)
if self.verbose:
def quote_val(val):
return pipes.quote(val).replace('\n', '\\n')
what = ' '.join(map(quote_val,
filter(bool,
[self.mode, self.cfgfile,
self.section, self.param,
self.value])))
sys.stderr.write('%s: %s\n' %
(('unchanged', 'changed')[changed], what))
except EnvironmentError as e:
error(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
def main():
crudini = Crudini()
return crudini.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())
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