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<a name="The-web"></a>
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<p>
Next: <a href="Proxies-and-caches.html#Proxies-and-caches" accesskey="n" rel="next">Proxies and caches</a>, Previous: <a href="Background.html#Background" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Background</a>, Up: <a href="Background.html#Background" accesskey="u" rel="up">Background</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Variable-index.html#Variable-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="The-web-and-HTTP"></a>
<h3 class="section">1.1 The web and HTTP</h3>
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<p>The web is a wide-scale decentralised distributed hypertext system,
something that’s obviously impossible to achieve reliably.
</p>
<p>The web is a collection of <em>resources</em> which are identified by
<em>URLs</em>, strings starting with <code>http://</code>. At any point in
time, a resource has a certain value, which is called an
<em>instance</em> of the resource.
</p>
<p>The fundamental protocol of the web is HTTP, a simple request/response
protocol. With HTTP, a client can make a request for a resource to a
server, and the server replies with an <em>entity</em>, which is an
on-the-wire representation of an instance or of a fragment thereof.
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