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/etc/bash_completion.d/gcc is in bash-completion 1:1.3-1ubuntu8.

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The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

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# gcc(1) completion
#
# The only unusual feature is that we don't parse "gcc --help -v" output
# directly, because that would include the options of all the other backend
# tools (linker, assembler, preprocessor, etc) without any indication that
# you cannot feed such options to the gcc driver directly.  (For example, the
# linker takes a -z option, but you must type -Wl,-z for gcc.)  Instead, we
# ask the driver ("g++") for the name of the compiler ("cc1"), and parse the
# --help output of the compiler.

have gcc &&
_gcc()
{
    local cur cc backend

    COMPREPLY=()
    _get_comp_words_by_ref cur

    _expand || return 0

    case $1 in
        gcj)
            backend=jc1
            ;;
        gpc)
            backend=gpc1
            ;;
        *77)
            backend=f771
            ;;
        *)
            backend=cc1 # (near-)universal backend
            ;;
    esac

    if [[ "$cur" == -* ]]; then
        cc=$( $1 -print-prog-name=$backend )
        # sink stderr:
        # for C/C++/ObjectiveC it's useless
        # for FORTRAN/Java it's an error
        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$( $cc --help 2>/dev/null | \
           tr '\t' ' ' | \
           sed -e '/^  *-/!d' -e 's/ *-\([^ ]*\).*/-\1/' | \
           sort -u )" -- "$cur" ) )
    else
        _filedir
    fi
} &&
complete -F _gcc gcc g++ c++ g77 gcj gpc
[ $USERLAND = GNU -o $UNAME = Cygwin ] && \
[ -n "${have:-}" ] && complete -F _gcc cc

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