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<h3 class="section">1.7 General Syntactic Conventions</h3>
<p><a name="index-General-syntactic-conventions-50"></a><a name="index-Syntactic-conventions-51"></a><a name="index-Conventions_002c-syntactic-52"></a><a name="index-Characters_002c-basic-input-53"></a>
This section describes the general conventions used in all Texinfo documents.
<ul>
<li><a name="index-Source-files_002c-characters-used-54"></a>All printable ASCII characters except ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ can appear in a Texinfo file and stand for themselves.
‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ is the escape character which introduces commands, while
‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>’ are used to surround arguments to certain
commands. To put one of these special characters into the document, put
an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ character in front of it, like this: ‘<samp><span class="samp">@@</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">@{</span></samp>’, and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@}</span></samp>’.
<li><a name="index-Paragraph-separator-55"></a><a name="index-Blank-lines_002c-as-paragraph-separator-56"></a><a name="index-Newlines_002c-as-blank-lines-57"></a>Separate paragraphs with one or more blank lines. Currently Texinfo
only recognizes newline characters as end of line, not the CRLF
sequence used on some systems; so a <dfn>blank line</dfn> means exactly two
consecutive newlines. Sometimes blank lines are useful or convenient
in other cases as well; you can use the <code>@noindent</code> to inhibit
paragraph indentation if required (see <a href="noindent.html#noindent"><code>@noindent</code></a>).
<li>Texinfo supports the usual quotation marks used in English, and
quotation marks used in other languages, please see <a href="Inserting-Quotation-Marks.html#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>.
<li><a name="index-Multiple-dashes-in-source-58"></a><a name="index-Dashes-in-source-59"></a><a name="index-Hyphens-in-source_002c-two-or-three-in-a-row-60"></a><a name="index-Em-dash_002c-producing-61"></a><a name="index-En-dash_002c-producing-62"></a>Use three hyphens in a row, ‘<samp><span class="samp">---</span></samp>’, to produce a long dash—like
this (called an <dfn>em dash</dfn>), used for punctuation in sentences.
Use two hyphens, ‘<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>’, to produce a medium dash (called an
<dfn>en dash</dfn>), used primarily for numeric ranges, as in “June
25–26”. Use a single hyphen, ‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’, to produce a standard hyphen
used in compound words. For display on the screen, Info reduces three
hyphens to two and two hyphens to one (not transitively!). Of course,
any number of hyphens in the source remain as they are in literal
contexts, such as <code>@code</code> and <code>@example</code>.
<li><a name="index-Tabs_003b-don_0027t-use_0021-63"></a><strong>Caution:</strong> Last, do not use tab characters in a Texinfo file
(except in verbatim modes)! TeX uses variable-width fonts, which
means that it is impractical at best to define a tab to work in all
circumstances. Consequently, TeX treats tabs like single spaces,
and that is not what they look like in the source. Furthermore,
<code>makeinfo</code> does nothing special with tabs, and thus a tab
character in your input file will usually appear differently in the
output.
<p class="noindent">To avoid this problem, Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs inserts
multiple spaces when you press the <TAB> key. Also, you can run
<code>untabify</code> in Emacs to convert tabs in a region to multiple
spaces, or use the <code>unexpand</code> command from the shell.
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