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<h3 class="section">22.3 HTML CSS</h3>
<p><a name="index-HTML_002c-and-CSS-1367"></a><a name="index-CSS_002c-and-HTML-output-1368"></a><a name="index-Cascading-Style-Sheets_002c-and-HTML-output-1369"></a>
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS for short) is an Internet standard for
influencing the display of HTML documents: see
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/</a>.
<p>By default, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> includes a few simple CSS commands to
better implement the appearance of some of the environments. Here
are two of them, as an example:
<pre class="example"> pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
</pre>
<p>A full explanation of CSS is (far) beyond this manual; please see the
reference above. In brief, however, this specification tells the web
browser to use a `smaller' font size for <code>@smalldisplay</code> text,
and to use the `inherited' font (generally a regular roman typeface)
for both <code>@smalldisplay</code> and <code>@display</code>. By default, the
HTML ‘<samp><span class="samp"><pre></span></samp>’ command uses a monospaced font.
<p>You can influence the CSS in the HTML output with two
<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> options: <samp><span class="option">--css-include=</span><var>file</var></samp> and
<samp><span class="option">--css-ref=</span><var>url</var></samp>.
<p>The option <samp><span class="option">--css-ref=</span><var>url</var></samp> adds to each output HTML file
a ‘<samp><span class="samp"><link></span></samp>’ tag referencing a CSS at the given <var>url</var>. This
allows using external style sheets.
<p>The option <samp><span class="option">--css-include=</span><var>file</var></samp> includes the contents
<var>file</var> in the HTML output, as you might expect. However, the
details are somewhat tricky, as described in the following, to provide
maximum flexibility.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040import-specifications_002c-in-CSS-files-1370"></a>The CSS file may begin with so-called ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ directives,
which link to external CSS specifications for browsers to use when
interpreting the document. Again, a full description is beyond our
scope here, but we'll describe how they work syntactically, so we can
explain how <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> handles them.
<p><a name="index-Comments_002c-in-CSS-files-1371"></a>There can be more than one ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’, but they have to come
first in the file, with only whitespace and comments interspersed, no
normal definitions. (Technical exception: an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’
directive may precede the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’'s. This does not alter
<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s behavior, it just copies the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’ if
present.) Comments in CSS files are delimited by ‘<samp><span class="samp">/* ... */</span></samp>’, as
in C. An ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ directive must be in one of these two forms:
<pre class="example"> @import url(http://example.org/foo.css);
@import "http://example.net/bar.css";
</pre>
<p>As far as <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> is concerned, the crucial characters are
the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ at the beginning and the semicolon terminating the
directive. When reading the CSS file, it simply copies any such
‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’-directive into the output, as follows:
<ul>
<li>If <var>file</var> contains only normal CSS declarations, it is
included after <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s default CSS, thus overriding it.
<li>If <var>file</var> begins with ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ specifications (see
below), then the ‘<samp><span class="samp">import</span></samp>’'s are included first (they have to come
first, according to the standard), and then <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s
default CSS is included. If you need to override <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s
defaults from an ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’, you can do so with the ‘<samp><span class="samp">!
important</span></samp>’ CSS construct, as in:
<pre class="example"> pre.smallexample { font-size: inherit ! important }
</pre>
<li>If <var>file</var> contains both ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ and inline CSS
specifications, the ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’'s are included first, then
<samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s defaults, and lastly the inline CSS from
<var>file</var>.
<li>Any @-directive other than ‘<samp><span class="samp">@import</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">@charset</span></samp>’
is treated as a CSS declaration, meaning <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> includes
its default CSS and then the rest of the file.
</ul>
<p>If the CSS file is malformed or erroneous, <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp>'s output
is unspecified. <samp><span class="command">makeinfo</span></samp> does not try to interpret the
meaning of the CSS file in any way; it just looks for the special
‘<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>’ characters and blindly copies the text into the
output. Comments in the CSS file may or may not be included in the
output.
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