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<title>GNU Texinfo 4.13</title>
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<h1 class="settitle">GNU Texinfo 4.13</h1>
<div class="shortcontents">
<h2>Short Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Top">Texinfo</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Copying-Conditions">Texinfo Copying Conditions</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Overview">1 Overview of Texinfo</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Texinfo-Mode">2 Using Texinfo Mode</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Beginning-a-File">3 Beginning a Texinfo File</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Ending-a-File">4 Ending a Texinfo File</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Structuring">5 Chapter Structuring</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Nodes">6 Nodes</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Menus">7 Menus</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Cross-References">8 Cross References</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Marking-Text">9 Marking Words and Phrases</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Quotations-and-Examples">10 Quotations and Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Lists-and-Tables">11 Lists and Tables</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Special-Displays">12 Special Displays</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Indices">13 Indices</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Insertions">14 Special Insertions</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Breaks">15 Forcing and Preventing Breaks</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Definition-Commands">16 Definition Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Conditionals">17 Conditionally Visible Text</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Internationalization">18 Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">19 Defining New Texinfo Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Hardcopy">20 Formatting and Printing Hardcopy</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">21 Creating and Installing Info Files</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Generating-HTML">22 Generating HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Command-List">Appendix A @-Command List</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Tips">Appendix B Tips and Hints</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Sample-Texinfo-Files">Appendix C Sample Texinfo Files</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Include-Files">Appendix D Include Files</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Headings">Appendix E Page Headings</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Catching-Mistakes">Appendix F Formatting Mistakes</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html#toc_General-Index">General Index</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="toc_Top" href="index.html#Top">Texinfo</a>
<li><a name="toc_Copying-Conditions" href="Copying-Conditions.html#Copying-Conditions">Texinfo Copying Conditions</a>
<li><a name="toc_Overview" href="Overview.html#Overview">1 Overview of Texinfo</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs">1.1 Reporting Bugs</a>
<li><a href="Using-Texinfo.html#Using-Texinfo">1.2 Using Texinfo</a>
<li><a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">1.3 Output Formats</a>
<li><a href="Info-Files.html#Info-Files">1.4 Info Files</a>
<li><a href="Printed-Books.html#Printed-Books">1.5 Printed Books</a>
<li><a href="Formatting-Commands.html#Formatting-Commands">1.6 @-commands</a>
<li><a href="Conventions.html#Conventions">1.7 General Syntactic Conventions</a>
<li><a href="Comments.html#Comments">1.8 Comments</a>
<li><a href="Minimum.html#Minimum">1.9 What a Texinfo File Must Have</a>
<li><a href="Six-Parts.html#Six-Parts">1.10 Six Parts of a Texinfo File</a>
<li><a href="Short-Sample.html#Short-Sample">1.11 A Short Sample Texinfo File</a>
<li><a href="History.html#History">1.12 History</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Texinfo-Mode" href="Texinfo-Mode.html#Texinfo-Mode">2 Using Texinfo Mode</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Overview.html#Texinfo-Mode-Overview">2.1 Texinfo Mode Overview</a>
<li><a href="Emacs-Editing.html#Emacs-Editing">2.2 The Usual GNU Emacs Editing Commands</a>
<li><a href="Inserting.html#Inserting">2.3 Inserting Frequently Used Commands</a>
<li><a href="Showing-the-Structure.html#Showing-the-Structure">2.4 Showing the Section Structure of a File</a>
<li><a href="Updating-Nodes-and-Menus.html#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">2.5 Updating Nodes and Menus</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Updating-Commands.html#Updating-Commands">2.5.1 The Updating Commands</a>
<li><a href="Updating-Requirements.html#Updating-Requirements">2.5.2 Updating Requirements</a>
<li><a href="Other-Updating-Commands.html#Other-Updating-Commands">2.5.3 Other Updating Commands</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Info-Formatting.html#Info-Formatting">2.6 Formatting for Info</a>
<li><a href="Printing.html#Printing">2.7 Printing</a>
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Summary.html#Texinfo-Mode-Summary">2.8 Texinfo Mode Summary</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Beginning-a-File" href="Beginning-a-File.html#Beginning-a-File">3 Beginning a Texinfo File</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Sample-Beginning.html#Sample-Beginning">3.1 Sample Texinfo File Beginning</a>
<li><a href="Texinfo-File-Header.html#Texinfo-File-Header">3.2 Texinfo File Header</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="First-Line.html#First-Line">3.2.1 The First Line of a Texinfo File</a>
<li><a href="Start-of-Header.html#Start-of-Header">3.2.2 Start of Header</a>
<li><a href="setfilename.html#setfilename">3.2.3 <code>@setfilename</code>: Set the output file name</a>
<li><a href="settitle.html#settitle">3.2.4 <code>@settitle</code>: Set the document title</a>
<li><a href="End-of-Header.html#End-of-Header">3.2.5 End of Header</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Document-Permissions.html#Document-Permissions">3.3 Document Permissions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="copying.html#copying">3.3.1 <code>@copying</code>: Declare Copying Permissions</a>
<li><a href="insertcopying.html#insertcopying">3.3.2 <code>@insertcopying</code>: Include Permissions Text</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page.html#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">3.4 Title and Copyright Pages</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="titlepage.html#titlepage">3.4.1 <code>@titlepage</code></a>
<li><a href="titlefont-center-sp.html#titlefont-center-sp">3.4.2 <code>@titlefont</code>, <code>@center</code>, and <code>@sp</code></a>
<li><a href="title-subtitle-author.html#title-subtitle-author">3.4.3 <code>@title</code>, <code>@subtitle</code>, and <code>@author</code></a>
<li><a href="Copyright.html#Copyright">3.4.4 Copyright Page</a>
<li><a href="end-titlepage.html#end-titlepage">3.4.5 Heading Generation</a>
<li><a href="headings-on-off.html#headings-on-off">3.4.6 The <code>@headings</code> Command</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Contents.html#Contents">3.5 Generating a Table of Contents</a>
<li><a href="The-Top-Node.html#The-Top-Node">3.6 The `Top' Node and Master Menu</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Top-Node-Example.html#Top-Node-Example">3.6.1 Top Node Example</a>
<li><a href="Master-Menu-Parts.html#Master-Menu-Parts">3.6.2 Parts of a Master Menu</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Global-Document-Commands.html#Global-Document-Commands">3.7 Global Document Commands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="documentdescription.html#documentdescription">3.7.1 <code>@documentdescription</code>: Summary Text</a>
<li><a href="setchapternewpage.html#setchapternewpage">3.7.2 <code>@setchapternewpage</code>:</a>
<li><a href="paragraphindent.html#paragraphindent">3.7.3 <code>@paragraphindent</code>: Paragraph Indenting</a>
<li><a href="firstparagraphindent.html#firstparagraphindent">3.7.4 <code>@firstparagraphindent</code>: Indenting After Headings</a>
<li><a href="exampleindent.html#exampleindent">3.7.5 <code>@exampleindent</code>: Environment Indenting</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Software-Copying-Permissions.html#Software-Copying-Permissions">3.8 Software Copying Permissions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Ending-a-File" href="Ending-a-File.html#Ending-a-File">4 Ending a Texinfo File</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus.html#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">4.1 Printing Indices and Menus</a>
<li><a href="File-End.html#File-End">4.2 <code>@bye</code> File Ending</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Structuring" href="Structuring.html#Structuring">5 Chapter Structuring</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Tree-Structuring.html#Tree-Structuring">5.1 Tree Structure of Sections</a>
<li><a href="Structuring-Command-Types.html#Structuring-Command-Types">5.2 Structuring Command Types</a>
<li><a href="makeinfo-top.html#makeinfo-top">5.3 <code>@top</code></a>
<li><a href="chapter.html#chapter">5.4 <code>@chapter</code></a>
<li><a href="unnumbered-_0026-appendix.html#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">5.5 <code>@unnumbered</code> and <code>@appendix</code></a>
<li><a href="majorheading-_0026-chapheading.html#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">5.6 <code>@majorheading</code>, <code>@chapheading</code></a>
<li><a href="section.html#section">5.7 <code>@section</code></a>
<li><a href="unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading.html#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">5.8 <code>@unnumberedsec</code>, <code>@appendixsec</code>, <code>@heading</code></a>
<li><a href="subsection.html#subsection">5.9 The <code>@subsection</code> Command</a>
<li><a href="unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading.html#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">5.10 The <code>@subsection</code>-like Commands</a>
<li><a href="subsubsection.html#subsubsection">5.11 The `subsub' Commands</a>
<li><a href="Raise_002flower-sections.html#Raise_002flower-sections">5.12 <code>@raisesections</code> and <code>@lowersections</code></a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Nodes" href="Nodes.html#Nodes">6 Nodes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Two-Paths.html#Two-Paths">6.1 Two Paths</a>
<li><a href="Node-Menu-Illustration.html#Node-Menu-Illustration">6.2 Node and Menu Illustration</a>
<li><a href="node.html#node">6.3 The <code>@node</code> Command</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Node-Names.html#Node-Names">6.3.1 Choosing Node and Pointer Names</a>
<li><a href="Writing-a-Node.html#Writing-a-Node">6.3.2 How to Write an <code>@node</code> Line</a>
<li><a href="Node-Line-Tips.html#Node-Line-Tips">6.3.3 <code>@node</code> Line Tips</a>
<li><a href="Node-Line-Requirements.html#Node-Line-Requirements">6.3.4 <code>@node</code> Line Requirements</a>
<li><a href="First-Node.html#First-Node">6.3.5 The First Node</a>
<li><a href="makeinfo-top-command.html#makeinfo-top-command">6.3.6 The <code>@top</code> Sectioning Command</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="makeinfo-Pointer-Creation.html#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">6.4 Creating Pointers with <code>makeinfo</code></a>
<li><a href="anchor.html#anchor">6.5 <code>@anchor</code>: Defining Arbitrary Cross-reference Targets</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Menus" href="Menus.html#Menus">7 Menus</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Menu-Location.html#Menu-Location">7.1 Menu Location</a>
<li><a href="Writing-a-Menu.html#Writing-a-Menu">7.2 Writing a Menu</a>
<li><a href="Menu-Parts.html#Menu-Parts">7.3 The Parts of a Menu</a>
<li><a href="Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry.html#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">7.4 Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a>
<li><a href="Menu-Example.html#Menu-Example">7.5 A Menu Example</a>
<li><a href="Other-Info-Files.html#Other-Info-Files">7.6 Referring to Other Info Files</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Cross-References" href="Cross-References.html#Cross-References">8 Cross References</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="References.html#References">8.1 What References Are For</a>
<li><a href="Cross-Reference-Commands.html#Cross-Reference-Commands">8.2 Different Cross Reference Commands</a>
<li><a href="Cross-Reference-Parts.html#Cross-Reference-Parts">8.3 Parts of a Cross Reference</a>
<li><a href="xref.html#xref">8.4 <code>@xref</code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference-Syntax.html#Reference-Syntax">8.4.1 What a Reference Looks Like and Requires</a>
<li><a href="One-Argument.html#One-Argument">8.4.2 <code>@xref</code> with One Argument</a>
<li><a href="Two-Arguments.html#Two-Arguments">8.4.3 <code>@xref</code> with Two Arguments</a>
<li><a href="Three-Arguments.html#Three-Arguments">8.4.4 <code>@xref</code> with Three Arguments</a>
<li><a href="Four-and-Five-Arguments.html#Four-and-Five-Arguments">8.4.5 <code>@xref</code> with Four and Five Arguments</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Top-Node-Naming.html#Top-Node-Naming">8.5 Naming a `Top' Node</a>
<li><a href="ref.html#ref">8.6 <code>@ref</code></a>
<li><a href="pxref.html#pxref">8.7 <code>@pxref</code></a>
<li><a href="inforef.html#inforef">8.8 <code>@inforef</code></a>
<li><a href="uref.html#uref">8.9 <code>@url</code>, <code>@uref{</code><var>url</var><code>[, </code><var>text</var><code>][, </code><var>replacement</var><code>]}</code></a>
<li><a href="cite.html#cite">8.10 <code>@cite</code>{<var>reference</var>}</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Marking-Text" href="Marking-Text.html#Marking-Text">9 Marking Words and Phrases</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Indicating.html#Indicating">9.1 Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc.</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Useful-Highlighting.html#Useful-Highlighting">9.1.1 Highlighting Commands are Useful</a>
<li><a href="code.html#code">9.1.2 <code>@code</code>{<var>sample-code</var>}</a>
<li><a href="kbd.html#kbd">9.1.3 <code>@kbd</code>{<var>keyboard-characters</var>}</a>
<li><a href="key.html#key">9.1.4 <code>@key</code>{<var>key-name</var>}</a>
<li><a href="samp.html#samp">9.1.5 <code>@samp</code>{<var>text</var>}</a>
<li><a href="verb.html#verb">9.1.6 <code>@verb</code>{<char><var>text</var><char>}</a>
<li><a href="var.html#var">9.1.7 <code>@var</code>{<var>metasyntactic-variable</var>}</a>
<li><a href="env.html#env">9.1.8 <code>@env</code>{<var>environment-variable</var>}</a>
<li><a href="file.html#file">9.1.9 <code>@file</code>{<var>file-name</var>}</a>
<li><a href="command.html#command">9.1.10 <code>@command</code>{<var>command-name</var>}</a>
<li><a href="option.html#option">9.1.11 <code>@option</code>{<var>option-name</var>}</a>
<li><a href="dfn.html#dfn">9.1.12 <code>@dfn</code>{<var>term</var>}</a>
<li><a href="abbr.html#abbr">9.1.13 <code>@abbr</code>{<var>abbreviation</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</a>
<li><a href="acronym.html#acronym">9.1.14 <code>@acronym</code>{<var>acronym</var>[, <var>meaning</var>]}</a>
<li><a href="indicateurl.html#indicateurl">9.1.15 <code>@indicateurl</code>{<var>uniform-resource-locator</var>}</a>
<li><a href="email.html#email">9.1.16 <code>@email</code>{<var>email-address</var>[, <var>displayed-text</var>]}</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Emphasis.html#Emphasis">9.2 Emphasizing Text</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="emph-_0026-strong.html#emph-_0026-strong">9.2.1 <code>@emph</code>{<var>text</var>} and <code>@strong</code>{<var>text</var>}</a>
<li><a href="Smallcaps.html#Smallcaps">9.2.2 <code>@sc</code>{<var>text</var>}: The Small Caps Font</a>
<li><a href="Fonts.html#Fonts">9.2.3 Fonts for Printing, Not Info</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Quotations-and-Examples" href="Quotations-and-Examples.html#Quotations-and-Examples">10 Quotations and Examples</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Block-Enclosing-Commands.html#Block-Enclosing-Commands">10.1 Block Enclosing Commands</a>
<li><a href="quotation.html#quotation">10.2 <code>@quotation</code>: Block quotations</a>
<li><a href="example.html#example">10.3 <code>@example</code>: Example Text</a>
<li><a href="verbatim.html#verbatim">10.4 <code>@verbatim</code>: Literal Text</a>
<li><a href="verbatiminclude.html#verbatiminclude">10.5 <code>@verbatiminclude</code> <var>file</var>: Include a File Verbatim</a>
<li><a href="lisp.html#lisp">10.6 <code>@lisp</code>: Marking a Lisp Example</a>
<li><a href="small.html#small">10.7 <code>@small...</code> Block Commands</a>
<li><a href="display.html#display">10.8 <code>@display</code> and <code>@smalldisplay</code></a>
<li><a href="format.html#format">10.9 <code>@format</code> and <code>@smallformat</code></a>
<li><a href="exdent.html#exdent">10.10 <code>@exdent</code>: Undoing a Line's Indentation</a>
<li><a href="flushleft-_0026-flushright.html#flushleft-_0026-flushright">10.11 <code>@flushleft</code> and <code>@flushright</code></a>
<li><a href="noindent.html#noindent">10.12 <code>@noindent</code>: Omitting Indentation</a>
<li><a href="indent.html#indent">10.13 <code>@indent</code>: Forcing Indentation</a>
<li><a href="cartouche.html#cartouche">10.14 <code>@cartouche</code>: Rounded Rectangles Around Examples</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Lists-and-Tables" href="Lists-and-Tables.html#Lists-and-Tables">11 Lists and Tables</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Introducing-Lists.html#Introducing-Lists">11.1 Introducing Lists</a>
<li><a href="itemize.html#itemize">11.2 <code>@itemize</code>: Making an Itemized List</a>
<li><a href="enumerate.html#enumerate">11.3 <code>@enumerate</code>: Making a Numbered or Lettered List</a>
<li><a href="Two_002dcolumn-Tables.html#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">11.4 Making a Two-column Table</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="table.html#table">11.4.1 Using the <code>@table</code> Command</a>
<li><a href="ftable-vtable.html#ftable-vtable">11.4.2 <code>@ftable</code> and <code>@vtable</code></a>
<li><a href="itemx.html#itemx">11.4.3 <code>@itemx</code></a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Multi_002dcolumn-Tables.html#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">11.5 <code>@multitable</code>: Multi-column Tables</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Multitable-Column-Widths.html#Multitable-Column-Widths">11.5.1 Multitable Column Widths</a>
<li><a href="Multitable-Rows.html#Multitable-Rows">11.5.2 Multitable Rows</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Special-Displays" href="Special-Displays.html#Special-Displays">12 Special Displays</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Floats.html#Floats">12.1 Floats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="float.html#float">12.1.1 <code>@float</code> [<var>type</var>][,<var>label</var>]: Floating Material</a>
<li><a href="caption-shortcaption.html#caption-shortcaption">12.1.2 <code>@caption</code> & <code>@shortcaption</code></a>
<li><a href="listoffloats.html#listoffloats">12.1.3 <code>@listoffloats</code>: Tables of Contents for Floats</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Images.html#Images">12.2 Inserting Images</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Image-Syntax.html#Image-Syntax">12.2.1 Image Syntax</a>
<li><a href="Image-Scaling.html#Image-Scaling">12.2.2 Image Scaling</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Footnotes.html#Footnotes">12.3 Footnotes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Footnote-Commands.html#Footnote-Commands">12.3.1 Footnote Commands</a>
<li><a href="Footnote-Styles.html#Footnote-Styles">12.3.2 Footnote Styles</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Indices" href="Indices.html#Indices">13 Indices</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Index-Entries.html#Index-Entries">13.1 Making Index Entries</a>
<li><a href="Predefined-Indices.html#Predefined-Indices">13.2 Predefined Indices</a>
<li><a href="Indexing-Commands.html#Indexing-Commands">13.3 Defining the Entries of an Index</a>
<li><a href="Combining-Indices.html#Combining-Indices">13.4 Combining Indices</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="syncodeindex.html#syncodeindex">13.4.1 <code>@syncodeindex</code></a>
<li><a href="synindex.html#synindex">13.4.2 <code>@synindex</code></a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="New-Indices.html#New-Indices">13.5 Defining New Indices</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Insertions" href="Insertions.html#Insertions">14 Special Insertions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Atsign-Braces-Comma.html#Atsign-Braces-Comma">14.1 Inserting @ and {} and ,</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Inserting-an-Atsign.html#Inserting-an-Atsign">14.1.1 Inserting `@' with <code>@@</code></a>
<li><a href="Inserting-Braces.html#Inserting-Braces">14.1.2 Inserting `{' and `}' with <code>@{</code> and <code>@}</code></a>
<li><a href="Inserting-a-Comma.html#Inserting-a-Comma">14.1.3 Inserting `,' with <code>@comma{}</code></a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Inserting-Quote-Characters.html#Inserting-Quote-Characters">14.2 Inserting Quote Characters</a>
<li><a href="Inserting-Space.html#Inserting-Space">14.3 Inserting Space</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Not-Ending-a-Sentence.html#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">14.3.1 Not Ending a Sentence</a>
<li><a href="Ending-a-Sentence.html#Ending-a-Sentence">14.3.2 Ending a Sentence</a>
<li><a href="Multiple-Spaces.html#Multiple-Spaces">14.3.3 Multiple Spaces</a>
<li><a href="frenchspacing.html#frenchspacing">14.3.4 <code>@frenchspacing</code> <var>val</var>: Control sentence spacing</a>
<li><a href="dmn.html#dmn">14.3.5 <code>@dmn</code>{<var>dimension</var>}: Format a Dimension</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Inserting-Accents.html#Inserting-Accents">14.4 Inserting Accents</a>
<li><a href="Inserting-Quotation-Marks.html#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">14.5 Inserting Quotation Marks</a>
<li><a href="Dots-Bullets.html#Dots-Bullets">14.6 Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="dots.html#dots">14.6.1 <code>@dots</code>{} (<small class="dots">...</small>) and <code>@enddots</code>{} (<small class="enddots">...</small>)</a>
<li><a href="bullet.html#bullet">14.6.2 <code>@bullet</code>{} (•)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="TeX-and-copyright.html#TeX-and-copyright">14.7 Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="tex.html#tex">14.7.1 <code>@TeX</code>{} (TeX) and <code>@LaTeX</code>{} (LaTeX)</a>
<li><a href="copyright-symbol.html#copyright-symbol">14.7.2 <code>@copyright{}</code> (©)</a>
<li><a href="registered-symbol.html#registered-symbol">14.7.3 <code>@registeredsymbol{}</code> (®)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="euro.html#euro">14.8 <code>@euro</code>{} (€): Euro Currency Symbol</a>
<li><a href="pounds.html#pounds">14.9 <code>@pounds</code>{} (£): Pounds Sterling</a>
<li><a href="textdegree.html#textdegree">14.10 <code>@textdegree</code>{} (°): Degrees Symbol</a>
<li><a href="minus.html#minus">14.11 <code>@minus</code>{} (−): Inserting a Minus Sign</a>
<li><a href="geq-leq.html#geq-leq">14.12 <code>@geq{}</code> (≥) and <code>@leq{}</code> (≤): Inserting relations</a>
<li><a href="math.html#math">14.13 <code>@math</code>: Inserting Mathematical Expressions</a>
<li><a href="Click-Sequences.html#Click-Sequences">14.14 Click Sequences</a>
<li><a href="Glyphs.html#Glyphs">14.15 Glyphs for Examples</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Glyphs-Summary.html#Glyphs-Summary">14.15.1 Glyphs Summary</a>
<li><a href="result.html#result">14.15.2 <code>@result{}</code> (⇒): Indicating Evaluation</a>
<li><a href="expansion.html#expansion">14.15.3 <code>@expansion{}</code> (==>): Indicating an Expansion</a>
<li><a href="Print-Glyph.html#Print-Glyph">14.15.4 <code>@print{}</code> (-|): Indicating Printed Output</a>
<li><a href="Error-Glyph.html#Error-Glyph">14.15.5 <code>@error{}</code> (error-->): Indicating an Error Message</a>
<li><a href="Equivalence.html#Equivalence">14.15.6 <code>@equiv{}</code> (==): Indicating Equivalence</a>
<li><a href="Point-Glyph.html#Point-Glyph">14.15.7 <code>@point{}</code> (-!-): Indicating Point in a Buffer</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Breaks" href="Breaks.html#Breaks">15 Forcing and Preventing Breaks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Break-Commands.html#Break-Commands">15.1 Break Commands</a>
<li><a href="Line-Breaks.html#Line-Breaks">15.2 <code>@*</code> and <code>@/</code>: Generate and Allow Line Breaks</a>
<li><a href="_002d-and-hyphenation.html#_002d-and-hyphenation">15.3 <code>@-</code> and <code>@hyphenation</code>: Helping TeX Hyphenate</a>
<li><a href="allowcodebreaks.html#allowcodebreaks">15.4 <code>@allowcodebreaks</code>: Control Line Breaks in <code>@code</code></a>
<li><a href="w.html#w">15.5 <code>@w</code>{<var>text</var>}: Prevent Line Breaks</a>
<li><a href="tie.html#tie">15.6 <code>@tie{}</code>: Inserting an Unbreakable Space</a>
<li><a href="sp.html#sp">15.7 <code>@sp</code> <var>n</var>: Insert Blank Lines</a>
<li><a href="page.html#page">15.8 <code>@page</code>: Start a New Page</a>
<li><a href="group.html#group">15.9 <code>@group</code>: Prevent Page Breaks</a>
<li><a href="need.html#need">15.10 <code>@need </code><var>mils</var>: Prevent Page Breaks</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Definition-Commands" href="Definition-Commands.html#Definition-Commands">16 Definition Commands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Template.html#Def-Cmd-Template">16.1 The Template for a Definition</a>
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines.html#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">16.2 Definition Command Continuation Lines</a>
<li><a href="Optional-Arguments.html#Optional-Arguments">16.3 Optional and Repeated Arguments</a>
<li><a href="deffnx.html#deffnx">16.4 Two or More `First' Lines</a>
<li><a href="Def-Cmds-in-Detail.html#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">16.5 The Definition Commands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Functions-Commands.html#Functions-Commands">16.5.1 Functions and Similar Entities</a>
<li><a href="Variables-Commands.html#Variables-Commands">16.5.2 Variables and Similar Entities</a>
<li><a href="Typed-Functions.html#Typed-Functions">16.5.3 Functions in Typed Languages</a>
<li><a href="Typed-Variables.html#Typed-Variables">16.5.4 Variables in Typed Languages</a>
<li><a href="Data-Types.html#Data-Types">16.5.5 Data Types</a>
<li><a href="Abstract-Objects.html#Abstract-Objects">16.5.6 Object-Oriented Programming</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Object_002dOriented-Variables.html#Object_002dOriented-Variables">16.5.6.1 Object-Oriented Variables</a>
<li><a href="Object_002dOriented-Methods.html#Object_002dOriented-Methods">16.5.6.2 Object-Oriented Methods</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Conventions.html#Def-Cmd-Conventions">16.6 Conventions for Writing Definitions</a>
<li><a href="Sample-Function-Definition.html#Sample-Function-Definition">16.7 A Sample Function Definition</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Conditionals" href="Conditionals.html#Conditionals">17 Conditionally Visible Text</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Conditional-Commands.html#Conditional-Commands">17.1 Conditional Commands</a>
<li><a href="Conditional-Not-Commands.html#Conditional-Not-Commands">17.2 Conditional Not Commands</a>
<li><a href="Raw-Formatter-Commands.html#Raw-Formatter-Commands">17.3 Raw Formatter Commands</a>
<li><a href="set-clear-value.html#set-clear-value">17.4 <code>@set</code>, <code>@clear</code>, and <code>@value</code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="set-value.html#set-value">17.4.1 <code>@set</code> and <code>@value</code></a>
<li><a href="ifset-ifclear.html#ifset-ifclear">17.4.2 <code>@ifset</code> and <code>@ifclear</code></a>
<li><a href="value-Example.html#value-Example">17.4.3 <code>@value</code> Example</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Conditional-Nesting.html#Conditional-Nesting">17.5 Conditional Nesting</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Internationalization" href="Internationalization.html#Internationalization">18 Internationalization</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="documentlanguage.html#documentlanguage">18.1 <code>@documentlanguage </code><var>ll</var><code>[_</code><var>cc</var><code>]</code>: Set the Document Language</a>
<li><a href="documentencoding.html#documentencoding">18.2 <code>@documentencoding </code><var>enc</var>: Set Input Encoding</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands" href="Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands.html#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">19 Defining New Texinfo Commands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Defining-Macros.html#Defining-Macros">19.1 Defining Macros</a>
<li><a href="Invoking-Macros.html#Invoking-Macros">19.2 Invoking Macros</a>
<li><a href="Macro-Details.html#Macro-Details">19.3 Macro Details and Caveats</a>
<li><a href="alias.html#alias">19.4 ‘<samp><span class="samp">@alias </span><var>new</var><span class="samp">=</span><var>existing</var></samp>’</a>
<li><a href="definfoenclose.html#definfoenclose">19.5 ‘<samp><span class="samp">definfoenclose</span></samp>’: Customized Highlighting</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Hardcopy" href="Hardcopy.html#Hardcopy">20 Formatting and Printing Hardcopy</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Use-TeX.html#Use-TeX">20.1 Use TeX</a>
<li><a href="Format-with-tex_002ftexindex.html#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">20.2 Format with <code>tex</code> and <code>texindex</code></a>
<li><a href="Format-with-texi2dvi.html#Format-with-texi2dvi">20.3 Format with <code>texi2dvi</code></a>
<li><a href="Print-with-lpr.html#Print-with-lpr">20.4 Shell Print Using <code>lpr -d</code></a>
<li><a href="Within-Emacs.html#Within-Emacs">20.5 From an Emacs Shell</a>
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Printing.html#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">20.6 Formatting and Printing in Texinfo Mode</a>
<li><a href="Compile_002dCommand.html#Compile_002dCommand">20.7 Using the Local Variables List</a>
<li><a href="Requirements-Summary.html#Requirements-Summary">20.8 TeX Formatting Requirements Summary</a>
<li><a href="Preparing-for-TeX.html#Preparing-for-TeX">20.9 Preparing for TeX</a>
<li><a href="Overfull-hboxes.html#Overfull-hboxes">20.10 Overfull “hboxes”</a>
<li><a href="smallbook.html#smallbook">20.11 Printing “Small” Books</a>
<li><a href="A4-Paper.html#A4-Paper">20.12 Printing on A4 Paper</a>
<li><a href="pagesizes.html#pagesizes">20.13 <code>@pagesizes</code> [<var>width</var>][, <var>height</var>]: Custom Page Sizes</a>
<li><a href="Cropmarks-and-Magnification.html#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">20.14 Cropmarks and Magnification</a>
<li><a href="PDF-Output.html#PDF-Output">20.15 PDF Output</a>
<li><a href="Obtaining-TeX.html#Obtaining-TeX">20.16 How to Obtain TeX</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files" href="Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files.html#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">21 Creating and Installing Info Files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Creating-an-Info-File.html#Creating-an-Info-File">21.1 Creating an Info File</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="makeinfo-advantages.html#makeinfo-advantages">21.1.1 <code>makeinfo</code> Preferred</a>
<li><a href="Invoking-makeinfo.html#Invoking-makeinfo">21.1.2 Running <code>makeinfo</code> from a Shell</a>
<li><a href="makeinfo-options.html#makeinfo-options">21.1.3 Options for <code>makeinfo</code></a>
<li><a href="Pointer-Validation.html#Pointer-Validation">21.1.4 Pointer Validation</a>
<li><a href="makeinfo-in-Emacs.html#makeinfo-in-Emacs">21.1.5 Running <code>makeinfo</code> Within Emacs</a>
<li><a href="texinfo_002dformat-commands.html#texinfo_002dformat-commands">21.1.6 The <code>texinfo-format...</code> Commands</a>
<li><a href="Batch-Formatting.html#Batch-Formatting">21.1.7 Batch Formatting</a>
<li><a href="Tag-and-Split-Files.html#Tag-and-Split-Files">21.1.8 Tag Files and Split Files</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Installing-an-Info-File.html#Installing-an-Info-File">21.2 Installing an Info File</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Directory-File.html#Directory-File">21.2.1 The Directory File <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="New-Info-File.html#New-Info-File">21.2.2 Listing a New Info File</a>
<li><a href="Other-Info-Directories.html#Other-Info-Directories">21.2.3 Info Files in Other Directories</a>
<li><a href="Installing-Dir-Entries.html#Installing-Dir-Entries">21.2.4 Installing Info Directory Files</a>
<li><a href="Invoking-install_002dinfo.html#Invoking-install_002dinfo">21.2.5 Invoking <samp><span class="command">install-info</span></samp></a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Generating-HTML" href="Generating-HTML.html#Generating-HTML">22 Generating HTML</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="HTML-Translation.html#HTML-Translation">22.1 HTML Translation</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Splitting.html#HTML-Splitting">22.2 HTML Splitting</a>
<li><a href="HTML-CSS.html#HTML-CSS">22.3 HTML CSS</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref.html#HTML-Xref">22.4 HTML Cross-references</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Link-Basics.html#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">22.4.1 HTML Cross-reference Link Basics</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">22.4.2 HTML Cross-reference Node Name Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">22.4.3 HTML Cross-reference Command Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">22.4.4 HTML Cross-reference 8-bit Character Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Mismatch.html#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">22.4.5 HTML Cross-reference Mismatch</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Command-List" href="Command-List.html#Command-List">Appendix A @-Command List</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Command-Syntax.html#Command-Syntax">A.1 @-Command Syntax</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Tips" href="Tips.html#Tips">Appendix B Tips and Hints</a>
<li><a name="toc_Sample-Texinfo-Files" href="Sample-Texinfo-Files.html#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Appendix C Sample Texinfo Files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Short-Sample-Texinfo-File.html#Short-Sample-Texinfo-File">C.1 Short Sample</a>
<li><a href="GNU-Sample-Texts.html#GNU-Sample-Texts">C.2 GNU Sample Texts</a>
<li><a href="Verbatim-Copying-License.html#Verbatim-Copying-License">C.3 Verbatim Copying License</a>
<li><a href="All_002dpermissive-Copying-License.html#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">C.4 All-permissive Copying License</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Include-Files" href="Include-Files.html#Include-Files">Appendix D Include Files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Using-Include-Files.html#Using-Include-Files">D.1 How to Use Include Files</a>
<li><a href="texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate.html#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">D.2 <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code></a>
<li><a href="Include-Files-Requirements.html#Include-Files-Requirements">D.3 Include Files Requirements</a>
<li><a href="Sample-Include-File.html#Sample-Include-File">D.4 Sample File with <code>@include</code></a>
<li><a href="Include-Files-Evolution.html#Include-Files-Evolution">D.5 Evolution of Include Files</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Headings" href="Headings.html#Headings">Appendix E Page Headings</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Headings-Introduced.html#Headings-Introduced">E.1 Headings Introduced</a>
<li><a href="Heading-Format.html#Heading-Format">E.2 Standard Heading Formats</a>
<li><a href="Heading-Choice.html#Heading-Choice">E.3 Specifying the Type of Heading</a>
<li><a href="Custom-Headings.html#Custom-Headings">E.4 How to Make Your Own Headings</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Catching-Mistakes" href="Catching-Mistakes.html#Catching-Mistakes">Appendix F Formatting Mistakes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="makeinfo-Preferred.html#makeinfo-Preferred">F.1 <code>makeinfo</code> Find Errors</a>
<li><a href="Debugging-with-Info.html#Debugging-with-Info">F.2 Catching Errors with Info Formatting</a>
<li><a href="Debugging-with-TeX.html#Debugging-with-TeX">F.3 Catching Errors with TeX Formatting</a>
<li><a href="Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure.html#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">F.4 Using <code>texinfo-show-structure</code></a>
<li><a href="Using-occur.html#Using-occur">F.5 Using <code>occur</code></a>
<li><a href="Running-Info_002dValidate.html#Running-Info_002dValidate">F.6 Finding Badly Referenced Nodes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Using-Info_002dvalidate.html#Using-Info_002dvalidate">F.6.1 Running <code>Info-validate</code></a>
<li><a href="Unsplit.html#Unsplit">F.6.2 Creating an Unsplit File</a>
<li><a href="Tagifying.html#Tagifying">F.6.3 Tagifying a File</a>
<li><a href="Splitting.html#Splitting">F.6.4 Splitting a File Manually</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_GNU-Free-Documentation-License" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License</a>
<li><a name="toc_Command-and-Variable-Index" href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>
<li><a name="toc_General-Index" href="General-Index.html#General-Index">General Index</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
<div class="node">
<a name="Top"></a>
<p>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Copying-Conditions.html#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="../index.html#dir">(dir)</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Texinfo</h2>
<p>This manual is for GNU Texinfo (version 4.13, 18 September 2008),
a documentation system that can produce both online information and a
printed manual from a single source.
<p>The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info
document, including the @-command and concept indices. The rest of
the menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="Copying-Conditions.html#Copying-Conditions">Copying Conditions</a>: Your rights.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="Overview.html#Overview">Overview</a>: Texinfo in brief.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="Texinfo-Mode.html#Texinfo-Mode">Texinfo Mode</a>: Using the GNU Emacs Texinfo mode.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="Beginning-a-File.html#Beginning-a-File">Beginning a File</a>: What is at the beginning of a Texinfo file?
<li><a accesskey="5" href="Ending-a-File.html#Ending-a-File">Ending a File</a>: What is at the end of a Texinfo file?
<li><a accesskey="6" href="Structuring.html#Structuring">Structuring</a>: Creating chapters, sections, appendices, etc.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="Nodes.html#Nodes">Nodes</a>: Writing nodes, the basic unit of Texinfo.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="Menus.html#Menus">Menus</a>: Writing menus.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="Cross-References.html#Cross-References">Cross References</a>: Writing cross references.
<li><a href="Marking-Text.html#Marking-Text">Marking Text</a>: Marking words and phrases as code,
keyboard input, meta-syntactic
variables, and the like.
<li><a href="Quotations-and-Examples.html#Quotations-and-Examples">Quotations and Examples</a>: Block quotations, examples, etc.
<li><a href="Lists-and-Tables.html#Lists-and-Tables">Lists and Tables</a>: Itemized or numbered lists, and tables.
<li><a href="Special-Displays.html#Special-Displays">Special Displays</a>: Floating figures and footnotes.
<li><a href="Indices.html#Indices">Indices</a>: Creating indices.
<li><a href="Insertions.html#Insertions">Insertions</a>: Inserting @-signs, braces, etc.
<li><a href="Breaks.html#Breaks">Breaks</a>: Forcing or preventing line and page breaks.
<li><a href="Definition-Commands.html#Definition-Commands">Definition Commands</a>: Describing functions and the like uniformly.
<li><a href="Conditionals.html#Conditionals">Conditionals</a>: Specifying text for only some output cases.
<li><a href="Internationalization.html#Internationalization">Internationalization</a>: Supporting languages other than English.
<li><a href="Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands.html#Defining-New-Texinfo-Commands">Defining New Texinfo Commands</a>: User-defined macros and aliases.
<li><a href="Hardcopy.html#Hardcopy">Hardcopy</a>: Output for paper, with TeX.
<li><a href="Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files.html#Creating-and-Installing-Info-Files">Creating and Installing Info Files</a>: Details on Info output.
<li><a href="Generating-HTML.html#Generating-HTML">Generating HTML</a>: Details on HTML output.
<li><a href="Command-List.html#Command-List">Command List</a>: All the Texinfo @-commands.
<li><a href="Tips.html#Tips">Tips</a>: Hints on how to write a Texinfo document.
<li><a href="Sample-Texinfo-Files.html#Sample-Texinfo-Files">Sample Texinfo Files</a>: Complete examples, including full texts.
<li><a href="Include-Files.html#Include-Files">Include Files</a>: How to incorporate other Texinfo files.
<li><a href="Headings.html#Headings">Headings</a>: How to write page headings and footings.
<li><a href="Catching-Mistakes.html#Catching-Mistakes">Catching Mistakes</a>: How to find formatting mistakes.
<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>: Copying this manual.
<li><a href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index">Command and Variable Index</a>: A menu containing commands and variables.
<li><a href="General-Index.html#General-Index">General Index</a>: A menu covering many topics.
</li></ul>
<p>--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
<p>Overview of Texinfo
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Reporting-Bugs.html#Reporting-Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a>: Submitting effective bug reports.
<li><a href="Using-Texinfo.html#Using-Texinfo">Using Texinfo</a>: Create printed or online output.
<li><a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>: Overview of the supported output formats.
<li><a href="Info-Files.html#Info-Files">Info Files</a>: What is an Info file?
<li><a href="Printed-Books.html#Printed-Books">Printed Books</a>: Characteristics of a printed book or manual.
<li><a href="Formatting-Commands.html#Formatting-Commands">Formatting Commands</a>: @-commands are used for formatting.
<li><a href="Conventions.html#Conventions">Conventions</a>: General rules for writing a Texinfo file.
<li><a href="Comments.html#Comments">Comments</a>: Writing comments and ignored text in general.
<li><a href="Minimum.html#Minimum">Minimum</a>: What a Texinfo file must have.
<li><a href="Six-Parts.html#Six-Parts">Six Parts</a>: Usually, a Texinfo file has six parts.
<li><a href="Short-Sample.html#Short-Sample">Short Sample</a>: A short sample Texinfo file.
<li><a href="History.html#History">History</a>: Acknowledgements, contributors and genesis.
</li></ul>
<p>Using Texinfo Mode
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Overview.html#Texinfo-Mode-Overview">Texinfo Mode Overview</a>: How Texinfo mode can help you.
<li><a href="Emacs-Editing.html#Emacs-Editing">Emacs Editing</a>: Texinfo mode adds to GNU Emacs' general
purpose editing features.
<li><a href="Inserting.html#Inserting">Inserting</a>: How to insert frequently used @-commands.
<li><a href="Showing-the-Structure.html#Showing-the-Structure">Showing the Structure</a>: How to show the structure of a file.
<li><a href="Updating-Nodes-and-Menus.html#Updating-Nodes-and-Menus">Updating Nodes and Menus</a>: How to update or create new nodes and menus.
<li><a href="Info-Formatting.html#Info-Formatting">Info Formatting</a>: How to format for Info.
<li><a href="Printing.html#Printing">Printing</a>: How to format and print part or all of a file.
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Summary.html#Texinfo-Mode-Summary">Texinfo Mode Summary</a>: Summary of all the Texinfo mode commands.
</li></ul>
<p>Updating Nodes and Menus
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Updating-Commands.html#Updating-Commands">Updating Commands</a>: Five major updating commands.
<li><a href="Updating-Requirements.html#Updating-Requirements">Updating Requirements</a>: How to structure a Texinfo file for
using the updating command.
<li><a href="Other-Updating-Commands.html#Other-Updating-Commands">Other Updating Commands</a>: How to indent descriptions, insert
missing nodes lines, and update
nodes in sequence.
</li></ul>
<p>Beginning a Texinfo File
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Sample-Beginning.html#Sample-Beginning">Sample Beginning</a>: A sample beginning for a Texinfo file.
<li><a href="Texinfo-File-Header.html#Texinfo-File-Header">Texinfo File Header</a>: The first lines.
<li><a href="Document-Permissions.html#Document-Permissions">Document Permissions</a>: Ensuring your manual is free.
<li><a href="Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page.html#Titlepage-_0026-Copyright-Page">Titlepage & Copyright Page</a>: Creating the title and copyright pages.
<li><a href="Contents.html#Contents">Contents</a>: How to create a table of contents.
<li><a href="The-Top-Node.html#The-Top-Node">The Top Node</a>: Creating the `Top' node and master menu.
<li><a href="Global-Document-Commands.html#Global-Document-Commands">Global Document Commands</a>: Affecting formatting throughout.
<li><a href="Software-Copying-Permissions.html#Software-Copying-Permissions">Software Copying Permissions</a>: Ensure that you and others continue to
have the right to use and share software.
</li></ul>
<p>Texinfo File Header
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="First-Line.html#First-Line">First Line</a>: The first line of a Texinfo file.
<li><a href="Start-of-Header.html#Start-of-Header">Start of Header</a>: Formatting a region requires this.
<li><a href="setfilename.html#setfilename">setfilename</a>: Tell Info the name of the Info file.
<li><a href="settitle.html#settitle">settitle</a>: Create a title for the printed work.
<li><a href="End-of-Header.html#End-of-Header">End of Header</a>: Formatting a region requires this.
</li></ul>
<p>Document Permissions
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="copying.html#copying">copying</a>: Declare the document's copying permissions.
<li><a href="insertcopying.html#insertcopying">insertcopying</a>: Where to insert the permissions.
</li></ul>
<p>Title and Copyright Pages
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="titlepage.html#titlepage">titlepage</a>: Create a title for the printed document.
<li><a href="titlefont-center-sp.html#titlefont-center-sp">titlefont center sp</a>: The <code>@titlefont</code>, <code>@center</code>,
and <code>@sp</code> commands.
<li><a href="title-subtitle-author.html#title-subtitle-author">title subtitle author</a>: The <code>@title</code>, <code>@subtitle</code>,
and <code>@author</code> commands.
<li><a href="Copyright.html#Copyright">Copyright</a>: How to write the copyright notice and
include copying permissions.
<li><a href="end-titlepage.html#end-titlepage">end titlepage</a>: Turn on page headings after the title and
copyright pages.
<li><a href="headings-on-off.html#headings-on-off">headings on off</a>: An option for turning headings on and off
and double or single sided printing.
</li></ul>
<p>The `Top' Node and Master Menu
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Top-Node-Example.html#Top-Node-Example">Top Node Example</a>
<li><a href="Master-Menu-Parts.html#Master-Menu-Parts">Master Menu Parts</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Global Document Commands
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="documentdescription.html#documentdescription">documentdescription</a>: Document summary for the HTML output.
<li><a href="setchapternewpage.html#setchapternewpage">setchapternewpage</a>: Start chapters on right-hand pages.
<li><a href="paragraphindent.html#paragraphindent">paragraphindent</a>: Specify paragraph indentation.
<li><a href="firstparagraphindent.html#firstparagraphindent">firstparagraphindent</a>: Suppress indentation of the first paragraph.
<li><a href="exampleindent.html#exampleindent">exampleindent</a>: Specify environment indentation.
</li></ul>
<p>Ending a Texinfo File
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus.html#Printing-Indices-_0026-Menus">Printing Indices & Menus</a>: How to print an index in hardcopy and
generate index menus in Info.
<li><a href="File-End.html#File-End">File End</a>: How to mark the end of a file.
</li></ul>
<p>Chapter Structuring
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Tree-Structuring.html#Tree-Structuring">Tree Structuring</a>: A manual is like an upside down tree ...
<li><a href="Structuring-Command-Types.html#Structuring-Command-Types">Structuring Command Types</a>: How to divide a manual into parts.
<li><a href="makeinfo-top.html#makeinfo-top">makeinfo top</a>: The <code>@top</code> command, part of the `Top' node.
<li><a href="chapter.html#chapter">chapter</a>
<li><a href="unnumbered-_0026-appendix.html#unnumbered-_0026-appendix">unnumbered & appendix</a>
<li><a href="majorheading-_0026-chapheading.html#majorheading-_0026-chapheading">majorheading & chapheading</a>
<li><a href="section.html#section">section</a>
<li><a href="unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading.html#unnumberedsec-appendixsec-heading">unnumberedsec appendixsec heading</a>
<li><a href="subsection.html#subsection">subsection</a>
<li><a href="unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading.html#unnumberedsubsec-appendixsubsec-subheading">unnumberedsubsec appendixsubsec subheading</a>
<li><a href="subsubsection.html#subsubsection">subsubsection</a>: Commands for the lowest level sections.
<li><a href="Raise_002flower-sections.html#Raise_002flower-sections">Raise/lower sections</a>: How to change commands' hierarchical level.
</li></ul>
<p>Nodes
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Two-Paths.html#Two-Paths">Two Paths</a>: Different commands to structure
Info output and printed output.
<li><a href="Node-Menu-Illustration.html#Node-Menu-Illustration">Node Menu Illustration</a>: A diagram, and sample nodes and menus.
<li><a href="node.html#node">node</a>: Creating nodes, in detail.
<li><a href="makeinfo-Pointer-Creation.html#makeinfo-Pointer-Creation">makeinfo Pointer Creation</a>: Letting makeinfo determine node pointers.
<li><a href="anchor.html#anchor">anchor</a>: Defining arbitrary cross-reference targets.
</li></ul>
<p>The <code>@node</code> Command
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Node-Names.html#Node-Names">Node Names</a>: How to choose node and pointer names.
<li><a href="Writing-a-Node.html#Writing-a-Node">Writing a Node</a>: How to write an <code>@node</code> line.
<li><a href="Node-Line-Tips.html#Node-Line-Tips">Node Line Tips</a>: Keep names short.
<li><a href="Node-Line-Requirements.html#Node-Line-Requirements">Node Line Requirements</a>: Keep names unique, without @-commands.
<li><a href="First-Node.html#First-Node">First Node</a>: How to write a `Top' node.
<li><a href="makeinfo-top-command.html#makeinfo-top-command">makeinfo top command</a>: How to use the <code>@top</code> command.
</li></ul>
<p>Menus
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Menu-Location.html#Menu-Location">Menu Location</a>: Menus go at the ends of short nodes.
<li><a href="Writing-a-Menu.html#Writing-a-Menu">Writing a Menu</a>: What is a menu?
<li><a href="Menu-Parts.html#Menu-Parts">Menu Parts</a>: A menu entry has three parts.
<li><a href="Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry.html#Less-Cluttered-Menu-Entry">Less Cluttered Menu Entry</a>: Two part menu entry.
<li><a href="Menu-Example.html#Menu-Example">Menu Example</a>: Two and three part menu entries.
<li><a href="Other-Info-Files.html#Other-Info-Files">Other Info Files</a>: How to refer to a different Info file.
</li></ul>
<p>Cross References
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="References.html#References">References</a>: What cross references are for.
<li><a href="Cross-Reference-Commands.html#Cross-Reference-Commands">Cross Reference Commands</a>: A summary of the different commands.
<li><a href="Cross-Reference-Parts.html#Cross-Reference-Parts">Cross Reference Parts</a>: A cross reference has several parts.
<li><a href="xref.html#xref">xref</a>: Begin a reference with `See' ...
<li><a href="Top-Node-Naming.html#Top-Node-Naming">Top Node Naming</a>: How to refer to the beginning of another file.
<li><a href="ref.html#ref">ref</a>: A reference for the last part of a sentence.
<li><a href="pxref.html#pxref">pxref</a>: How to write a parenthetical cross reference.
<li><a href="inforef.html#inforef">inforef</a>: How to refer to an Info-only file.
<li><a href="uref.html#uref">uref</a>: How to refer to a uniform resource locator.
<li><a href="cite.html#cite">cite</a>: How to refer to books not in the Info system.
</li></ul>
<p><code>@xref</code>
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Reference-Syntax.html#Reference-Syntax">Reference Syntax</a>: What a reference looks like and requires.
<li><a href="One-Argument.html#One-Argument">One Argument</a>: <code>@xref</code> with one argument.
<li><a href="Two-Arguments.html#Two-Arguments">Two Arguments</a>: <code>@xref</code> with two arguments.
<li><a href="Three-Arguments.html#Three-Arguments">Three Arguments</a>: <code>@xref</code> with three arguments.
<li><a href="Four-and-Five-Arguments.html#Four-and-Five-Arguments">Four and Five Arguments</a>: <code>@xref</code> with four and five arguments.
</li></ul>
<p>Marking Words and Phrases
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Indicating.html#Indicating">Indicating</a>: How to indicate definitions, files, etc.
<li><a href="Emphasis.html#Emphasis">Emphasis</a>: How to emphasize text.
</li></ul>
<p>Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc.
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Useful-Highlighting.html#Useful-Highlighting">Useful Highlighting</a>: Highlighting provides useful information.
<li><a href="code.html#code">code</a>: Indicating program code.
<li><a href="kbd.html#kbd">kbd</a>: Showing keyboard input.
<li><a href="key.html#key">key</a>: Specifying keys.
<li><a href="samp.html#samp">samp</a>: A literal sequence of characters.
<li><a href="verb.html#verb">verb</a>: A verbatim sequence of characters.
<li><a href="var.html#var">var</a>: Indicating metasyntactic variables.
<li><a href="env.html#env">env</a>: Indicating environment variables.
<li><a href="file.html#file">file</a>: Indicating file names.
<li><a href="command.html#command">command</a>: Indicating command names.
<li><a href="option.html#option">option</a>: Indicating option names.
<li><a href="dfn.html#dfn">dfn</a>: Specifying definitions.
<li><a href="abbr.html#abbr">abbr</a>: Indicating abbreviations.
<li><a href="acronym.html#acronym">acronym</a>: Indicating acronyms.
<li><a href="indicateurl.html#indicateurl">indicateurl</a>: Indicating a World Wide Web reference.
<li><a href="email.html#email">email</a>: Indicating an electronic mail address.
</li></ul>
<p>Emphasizing Text
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="emph-_0026-strong.html#emph-_0026-strong">emph & strong</a>: How to emphasize text in Texinfo.
<li><a href="Smallcaps.html#Smallcaps">Smallcaps</a>: How to use the small caps font.
<li><a href="Fonts.html#Fonts">Fonts</a>: Various font commands for printed output.
</li></ul>
<p>Quotations and Examples
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Block-Enclosing-Commands.html#Block-Enclosing-Commands">Block Enclosing Commands</a>: Different constructs for different purposes.
<li><a href="quotation.html#quotation">quotation</a>: Writing a quotation.
<li><a href="example.html#example">example</a>: Writing an example in a fixed-width font.
<li><a href="verbatim.html#verbatim">verbatim</a>: Writing a verbatim example.
<li><a href="verbatiminclude.html#verbatiminclude">verbatiminclude</a>: Including a file verbatim.
<li><a href="lisp.html#lisp">lisp</a>: Illustrating Lisp code.
<li><a href="small.html#small">small</a>: Examples in a smaller font.
<li><a href="display.html#display">display</a>: Writing an example in the current font.
<li><a href="format.html#format">format</a>: Writing an example without narrowed margins.
<li><a href="exdent.html#exdent">exdent</a>: Undo indentation on a line.
<li><a href="flushleft-_0026-flushright.html#flushleft-_0026-flushright">flushleft & flushright</a>: Pushing text flush left or flush right.
<li><a href="noindent.html#noindent">noindent</a>: Preventing paragraph indentation.
<li><a href="indent.html#indent">indent</a>: Forcing paragraph indentation.
<li><a href="cartouche.html#cartouche">cartouche</a>: Drawing rounded rectangles around examples.
</li></ul>
<p>Lists and Tables
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Introducing-Lists.html#Introducing-Lists">Introducing Lists</a>: Texinfo formats lists for you.
<li><a href="itemize.html#itemize">itemize</a>: How to construct a simple list.
<li><a href="enumerate.html#enumerate">enumerate</a>: How to construct a numbered list.
<li><a href="Two_002dcolumn-Tables.html#Two_002dcolumn-Tables">Two-column Tables</a>: How to construct a two-column table.
<li><a href="Multi_002dcolumn-Tables.html#Multi_002dcolumn-Tables">Multi-column Tables</a>: How to construct generalized tables.
</li></ul>
<p>Making a Two-column Table
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="table.html#table">table</a>: How to construct a two-column table.
<li><a href="ftable-vtable.html#ftable-vtable">ftable vtable</a>: Automatic indexing for two-column tables.
<li><a href="itemx.html#itemx">itemx</a>: How to put more entries in the first column.
</li></ul>
<p><code>@multitable</code>: Multi-column Tables
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Multitable-Column-Widths.html#Multitable-Column-Widths">Multitable Column Widths</a>: Defining multitable column widths.
<li><a href="Multitable-Rows.html#Multitable-Rows">Multitable Rows</a>: Defining multitable rows, with examples.
</li></ul>
<p>Special Displays
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Floats.html#Floats">Floats</a>: Figures, tables, and the like.
<li><a href="Images.html#Images">Images</a>: Including graphics and images.
<li><a href="Footnotes.html#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>: Writing footnotes.
</li></ul>
<p>Floats
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="float.html#float">float</a>: Producing floating material.
<li><a href="caption-shortcaption.html#caption-shortcaption">caption shortcaption</a>: Specifying descriptions for floats.
<li><a href="listoffloats.html#listoffloats">listoffloats</a>: A table of contents for floats.
</li></ul>
<p>Inserting Images
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Image-Syntax.html#Image-Syntax">Image Syntax</a>
<li><a href="Image-Scaling.html#Image-Scaling">Image Scaling</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Footnotes
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Footnote-Commands.html#Footnote-Commands">Footnote Commands</a>: How to write a footnote in Texinfo.
<li><a href="Footnote-Styles.html#Footnote-Styles">Footnote Styles</a>: Controlling how footnotes appear in Info.
</li></ul>
<p>Indices
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Index-Entries.html#Index-Entries">Index Entries</a>: Choose different words for index entries.
<li><a href="Predefined-Indices.html#Predefined-Indices">Predefined Indices</a>: Use different indices for different kinds
of entries.
<li><a href="Indexing-Commands.html#Indexing-Commands">Indexing Commands</a>: How to make an index entry.
<li><a href="Combining-Indices.html#Combining-Indices">Combining Indices</a>: How to combine indices.
<li><a href="New-Indices.html#New-Indices">New Indices</a>: How to define your own indices.
</li></ul>
<p>Combining Indices
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="syncodeindex.html#syncodeindex">syncodeindex</a>: How to merge two indices, using <code>@code</code>
font for the merged-from index.
<li><a href="synindex.html#synindex">synindex</a>: How to merge two indices, using the
default font of the merged-to index.
</li></ul>
<p>Special Insertions
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Atsign-Braces-Comma.html#Atsign-Braces-Comma">Atsign Braces Comma</a>: Inserting @ and {} and ,.
<li><a href="Inserting-Quote-Characters.html#Inserting-Quote-Characters">Inserting Quote Characters</a>: Inserting left and right quotes, in code.
<li><a href="Inserting-Space.html#Inserting-Space">Inserting Space</a>: How to insert the right amount of space
within a sentence.
<li><a href="Inserting-Accents.html#Inserting-Accents">Inserting Accents</a>: How to insert accents and special characters.
<li><a href="Inserting-Quotation-Marks.html#Inserting-Quotation-Marks">Inserting Quotation Marks</a>: How to insert quotation marks.
<li><a href="Dots-Bullets.html#Dots-Bullets">Dots Bullets</a>: How to insert dots and bullets.
<li><a href="TeX-and-copyright.html#TeX-and-copyright">TeX and copyright</a>: How to insert the TeX logo
and the copyright symbol.
<li><a href="euro.html#euro">euro</a>: How to insert the Euro currency symbol.
<li><a href="pounds.html#pounds">pounds</a>: How to insert the pounds currency symbol.
<li><a href="textdegree.html#textdegree">textdegree</a>: How to insert the degrees symbol.
<li><a href="minus.html#minus">minus</a>: How to insert a minus sign.
<li><a href="geq-leq.html#geq-leq">geq leq</a>: How to insert greater/less-than-or-equal signs.
<li><a href="math.html#math">math</a>: How to format a mathematical expression.
<li><a href="Click-Sequences.html#Click-Sequences">Click Sequences</a>: Inserting GUI usage sequences.
<li><a href="Glyphs.html#Glyphs">Glyphs</a>: How to indicate results of evaluation,
expansion of macros, errors, etc.
</li></ul>
<p>Inserting @ and {} and ,
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Inserting-an-Atsign.html#Inserting-an-Atsign">Inserting an Atsign</a>
<li><a href="Inserting-Braces.html#Inserting-Braces">Inserting Braces</a>
<li><a href="Inserting-a-Comma.html#Inserting-a-Comma">Inserting a Comma</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Inserting Space
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Not-Ending-a-Sentence.html#Not-Ending-a-Sentence">Not Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes a . doesn't end a sentence.
<li><a href="Ending-a-Sentence.html#Ending-a-Sentence">Ending a Sentence</a>: Sometimes it does.
<li><a href="Multiple-Spaces.html#Multiple-Spaces">Multiple Spaces</a>: Inserting multiple spaces.
<li><a href="frenchspacing.html#frenchspacing">frenchspacing</a>: Specifying end-of-sentence spacing.
<li><a href="dmn.html#dmn">dmn</a>: How to format a dimension.
</li></ul>
<p>Inserting Ellipsis and Bullets
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="dots.html#dots">dots</a>: How to insert dots ...
<li><a href="bullet.html#bullet">bullet</a>: How to insert a bullet.
</li></ul>
<p>Inserting TeX and Legal Symbols: ©, ®
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="tex.html#tex">tex</a>: The TeX logos.
<li><a href="copyright-symbol.html#copyright-symbol">copyright symbol</a>: The copyright symbol (c in a circle).
<li><a href="registered-symbol.html#registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>: The registered symbol (R in a circle).
</li></ul>
<p>Glyphs for Examples
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Glyphs-Summary.html#Glyphs-Summary">Glyphs Summary</a>
<li><a href="result.html#result">result</a>: How to show the result of expression.
<li><a href="expansion.html#expansion">expansion</a>: How to indicate an expansion.
<li><a href="Print-Glyph.html#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>: How to indicate printed output.
<li><a href="Error-Glyph.html#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>: How to indicate an error message.
<li><a href="Equivalence.html#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>: How to indicate equivalence.
<li><a href="Point-Glyph.html#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a>: How to indicate the location of point.
</li></ul>
<p>Glyphs Summary
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="result.html#result">result</a>
<li><a href="expansion.html#expansion">expansion</a>
<li><a href="Print-Glyph.html#Print-Glyph">Print Glyph</a>
<li><a href="Error-Glyph.html#Error-Glyph">Error Glyph</a>
<li><a href="Equivalence.html#Equivalence">Equivalence</a>
<li><a href="Point-Glyph.html#Point-Glyph">Point Glyph</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Forcing and Preventing Breaks
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Break-Commands.html#Break-Commands">Break Commands</a>: Summary of break-related commands.
<li><a href="Line-Breaks.html#Line-Breaks">Line Breaks</a>: Forcing line breaks.
<li><a href="_002d-and-hyphenation.html#g_t_002d-and-hyphenation">- and hyphenation</a>: Helping TeX with hyphenation points.
<li><a href="allowcodebreaks.html#allowcodebreaks">allowcodebreaks</a>: Controlling line breaks within @code text.
<li><a href="w.html#w">w</a>: Preventing unwanted line breaks in text.
<li><a href="tie.html#tie">tie</a>: Inserting an unbreakable but varying space.
<li><a href="sp.html#sp">sp</a>: Inserting blank lines.
<li><a href="page.html#page">page</a>: Forcing the start of a new page.
<li><a href="group.html#group">group</a>: Preventing unwanted page breaks.
<li><a href="need.html#need">need</a>: Another way to prevent unwanted page breaks.
</li></ul>
<p>Definition Commands
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Template.html#Def-Cmd-Template">Def Cmd Template</a>: Writing descriptions using definition commands.
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines.html#Def-Cmd-Continuation-Lines">Def Cmd Continuation Lines</a>: Continuing the heading over source lines.
<li><a href="Optional-Arguments.html#Optional-Arguments">Optional Arguments</a>: Handling optional and repeated arguments.
<li><a href="deffnx.html#deffnx">deffnx</a>: Group two or more `first' lines.
<li><a href="Def-Cmds-in-Detail.html#Def-Cmds-in-Detail">Def Cmds in Detail</a>: Reference for all the definition commands.
<li><a href="Def-Cmd-Conventions.html#Def-Cmd-Conventions">Def Cmd Conventions</a>: Conventions for writing definitions.
<li><a href="Sample-Function-Definition.html#Sample-Function-Definition">Sample Function Definition</a>: An example.
</li></ul>
<p>The Definition Commands
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Functions-Commands.html#Functions-Commands">Functions Commands</a>: Commands for functions and similar entities.
<li><a href="Variables-Commands.html#Variables-Commands">Variables Commands</a>: Commands for variables and similar entities.
<li><a href="Typed-Functions.html#Typed-Functions">Typed Functions</a>: Commands for functions in typed languages.
<li><a href="Typed-Variables.html#Typed-Variables">Typed Variables</a>: Commands for variables in typed languages.
<li><a href="Data-Types.html#Data-Types">Data Types</a>: The definition command for data types.
<li><a href="Abstract-Objects.html#Abstract-Objects">Abstract Objects</a>: Commands for object-oriented programming.
</li></ul>
<p>Object-Oriented Programming
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Object_002dOriented-Variables.html#Object_002dOriented-Variables">Variables</a>
<li><a href="Object_002dOriented-Methods.html#Object_002dOriented-Methods">Methods</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Conditionally Visible Text
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Conditional-Commands.html#Conditional-Commands">Conditional Commands</a>: Text for a given format.
<li><a href="Conditional-Not-Commands.html#Conditional-Not-Commands">Conditional Not Commands</a>: Text for any format other than a given one.
<li><a href="Raw-Formatter-Commands.html#Raw-Formatter-Commands">Raw Formatter Commands</a>: Using raw formatter commands.
<li><a href="set-clear-value.html#set-clear-value">set clear value</a>: Variable tests and substitutions.
<li><a href="Conditional-Nesting.html#Conditional-Nesting">Conditional Nesting</a>: Using conditionals inside conditionals.
</li></ul>
<p><code>@set</code>, <code>@clear</code>, and <code>@value</code>
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="set-value.html#set-value">set value</a>: Expand a flag variable to a string.
<li><a href="ifset-ifclear.html#ifset-ifclear">ifset ifclear</a>: Format a region if a flag is set.
<li><a href="value-Example.html#value-Example">value Example</a>: An easy way to update edition information.
</li></ul>
<p>Internationalization
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="documentlanguage.html#documentlanguage">documentlanguage</a>: Declaring the current language.
<li><a href="documentencoding.html#documentencoding">documentencoding</a>: Declaring the input encoding.
</li></ul>
<p>Defining New Texinfo Commands
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Defining-Macros.html#Defining-Macros">Defining Macros</a>: Defining and undefining new commands.
<li><a href="Invoking-Macros.html#Invoking-Macros">Invoking Macros</a>: Using a macro, once you've defined it.
<li><a href="Macro-Details.html#Macro-Details">Macro Details</a>: Limitations of Texinfo macros.
<li><a href="alias.html#alias">alias</a>: Command aliases.
<li><a href="definfoenclose.html#definfoenclose">definfoenclose</a>: Customized highlighting.
</li></ul>
<p>Formatting and Printing Hardcopy
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Use-TeX.html#Use-TeX">Use TeX</a>: Use TeX to format for hardcopy.
<li><a href="Format-with-tex_002ftexindex.html#Format-with-tex_002ftexindex">Format with tex/texindex</a>: How to format with explicit shell commands.
<li><a href="Format-with-texi2dvi.html#Format-with-texi2dvi">Format with texi2dvi</a>: A simpler way to format.
<li><a href="Print-with-lpr.html#Print-with-lpr">Print with lpr</a>: How to print.
<li><a href="Within-Emacs.html#Within-Emacs">Within Emacs</a>: How to format and print from an Emacs shell.
<li><a href="Texinfo-Mode-Printing.html#Texinfo-Mode-Printing">Texinfo Mode Printing</a>: How to format and print in Texinfo mode.
<li><a href="Compile_002dCommand.html#Compile_002dCommand">Compile-Command</a>: How to print using Emacs's compile command.
<li><a href="Requirements-Summary.html#Requirements-Summary">Requirements Summary</a>: TeX formatting requirements summary.
<li><a href="Preparing-for-TeX.html#Preparing-for-TeX">Preparing for TeX</a>: What to do before you use TeX.
<li><a href="Overfull-hboxes.html#Overfull-hboxes">Overfull hboxes</a>: What are and what to do with overfull hboxes.
<li><a href="smallbook.html#smallbook">smallbook</a>: How to print small format books and manuals.
<li><a href="A4-Paper.html#A4-Paper">A4 Paper</a>: How to print on A4 or A5 paper.
<li><a href="pagesizes.html#pagesizes">pagesizes</a>: How to print with customized page sizes.
<li><a href="Cropmarks-and-Magnification.html#Cropmarks-and-Magnification">Cropmarks and Magnification</a>: How to print marks to indicate the size
of pages and how to print scaled up output.
<li><a href="PDF-Output.html#PDF-Output">PDF Output</a>: Portable Document Format output.
<li><a href="Obtaining-TeX.html#Obtaining-TeX">Obtaining TeX</a>: How to Obtain TeX.
</li></ul>
<p>Creating and Installing Info Files
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Creating-an-Info-File.html#Creating-an-Info-File">Creating an Info File</a>
<li><a href="Installing-an-Info-File.html#Installing-an-Info-File">Installing an Info File</a>
</li></ul>
<p>Creating an Info File
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="makeinfo-advantages.html#makeinfo-advantages">makeinfo advantages</a>: <code>makeinfo</code> provides better error checking.
<li><a href="Invoking-makeinfo.html#Invoking-makeinfo">Invoking makeinfo</a>: How to run <code>makeinfo</code> from a shell.
<li><a href="makeinfo-options.html#makeinfo-options">makeinfo options</a>: Specify fill-column and other options.
<li><a href="Pointer-Validation.html#Pointer-Validation">Pointer Validation</a>: How to check that pointers point somewhere.
<li><a href="makeinfo-in-Emacs.html#makeinfo-in-Emacs">makeinfo in Emacs</a>: How to run <code>makeinfo</code> from Emacs.
<li><a href="texinfo_002dformat-commands.html#texinfo_002dformat-commands">texinfo-format commands</a>: Two Info formatting commands written
in Emacs Lisp are an alternative
to <code>makeinfo</code>.
<li><a href="Batch-Formatting.html#Batch-Formatting">Batch Formatting</a>: How to format for Info in Emacs Batch mode.
<li><a href="Tag-and-Split-Files.html#Tag-and-Split-Files">Tag and Split Files</a>: How tagged and split files help Info
to run better.
</li></ul>
<p>Installing an Info File
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Directory-File.html#Directory-File">Directory File</a>: The top level menu for all Info files.
<li><a href="New-Info-File.html#New-Info-File">New Info File</a>: Listing a new Info file.
<li><a href="Other-Info-Directories.html#Other-Info-Directories">Other Info Directories</a>: How to specify Info files that are
located in other directories.
<li><a href="Installing-Dir-Entries.html#Installing-Dir-Entries">Installing Dir Entries</a>: How to specify what menu entry to add
to the Info directory.
<li><a href="Invoking-install_002dinfo.html#Invoking-install_002dinfo">Invoking install-info</a>: <code>install-info</code> options.
</li></ul>
<p>Generating HTML
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="HTML-Translation.html#HTML-Translation">HTML Translation</a>: Details of the HTML output.
<li><a href="HTML-Splitting.html#HTML-Splitting">HTML Splitting</a>: How HTML output is split.
<li><a href="HTML-CSS.html#HTML-CSS">HTML CSS</a>: Influencing HTML output with Cascading Style Sheets.
<li><a href="HTML-Xref.html#HTML-Xref">HTML Xref</a>: Cross-references in HTML output.
</li></ul>
<p>HTML Cross-references
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Link-Basics.html#HTML-Xref-Link-Basics">Link Basics</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-Node-Name-Expansion">Node Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-Command-Expansion">Command Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion.html#HTML-Xref-8_002dbit-Character-Expansion">8-bit Expansion</a>
<li><a href="HTML-Xref-Mismatch.html#HTML-Xref-Mismatch">Mismatch</a>
</li></ul>
<p>@-Command List
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Command-Syntax.html#Command-Syntax">Command Syntax</a>: General syntax for varieties of @-commands.
</li></ul>
<p>Sample Texinfo Files
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Short-Sample-Texinfo-File.html#Short-Sample-Texinfo-File">Short Sample Texinfo File</a>
<li><a href="GNU-Sample-Texts.html#GNU-Sample-Texts">GNU Sample Texts</a>
<li><a href="Verbatim-Copying-License.html#Verbatim-Copying-License">Verbatim Copying License</a>
<li><a href="All_002dpermissive-Copying-License.html#All_002dpermissive-Copying-License">All-permissive Copying License</a>
</li></ul>
<p>GNU Free Documentation License
<p>Include Files
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Using-Include-Files.html#Using-Include-Files">Using Include Files</a>: How to use the <code>@include</code> command.
<li><a href="texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate.html#texinfo_002dmultiple_002dfiles_002dupdate">texinfo-multiple-files-update</a>: How to create and update nodes and
menus when using included files.
<li><a href="Include-Files-Requirements.html#Include-Files-Requirements">Include Files Requirements</a>: <code>texinfo-multiple-files-update</code> needs.
<li><a href="Sample-Include-File.html#Sample-Include-File">Sample Include File</a>: A sample outer file with included files
within it; and a sample included file.
<li><a href="Include-Files-Evolution.html#Include-Files-Evolution">Include Files Evolution</a>: How use of the <code>@include</code> command
has changed over time.
</li></ul>
<p>Page Headings
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Headings-Introduced.html#Headings-Introduced">Headings Introduced</a>: Conventions for using page headings.
<li><a href="Heading-Format.html#Heading-Format">Heading Format</a>: Standard page heading formats.
<li><a href="Heading-Choice.html#Heading-Choice">Heading Choice</a>: How to specify the type of page heading.
<li><a href="Custom-Headings.html#Custom-Headings">Custom Headings</a>: How to create your own headings and footings.
</li></ul>
<p>Formatting Mistakes
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="makeinfo-Preferred.html#makeinfo-Preferred">makeinfo Preferred</a>: <code>makeinfo</code> finds errors.
<li><a href="Debugging-with-Info.html#Debugging-with-Info">Debugging with Info</a>: How to catch errors with Info formatting.
<li><a href="Debugging-with-TeX.html#Debugging-with-TeX">Debugging with TeX</a>: How to catch errors with TeX formatting.
<li><a href="Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure.html#Using-texinfo_002dshow_002dstructure">Using texinfo-show-structure</a>: How to use <code>texinfo-show-structure</code>.
<li><a href="Using-occur.html#Using-occur">Using occur</a>: How to list all lines containing a pattern.
<li><a href="Running-Info_002dValidate.html#Running-Info_002dValidate">Running Info-Validate</a>: How to find badly referenced nodes.
</li></ul>
<p>Finding Badly Referenced Nodes
</p>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a href="Using-Info_002dvalidate.html#Using-Info_002dvalidate">Using Info-validate</a>: How to run <code>Info-validate</code>.
<li><a href="Unsplit.html#Unsplit">Unsplit</a>: How to create an unsplit file.
<li><a href="Tagifying.html#Tagifying">Tagifying</a>: How to tagify a file.
<li><a href="Splitting.html#Splitting">Splitting</a>: How to split a file manually.
</ul>
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<blockquote>
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