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<h2>9. Naming Objects
<a name="9. Naming Objects"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The most
natural way to name locations in <b>pic</b> is relative to
objects. In order to do this, you have to be able you have
to be able to name objects. The <b>pic</b> language has rich
facilities for this that try to emulate the syntax of
English.</font></p>

<h3>9.1. Naming Objects By Order Of Drawing
<a name="9.1. Naming Objects By Order Of Drawing"></a>
</h3>


<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The
simplest (and generally the most useful) way to name an
object is with a <b>last</b> clause. It needs to be followed
by an object type name; <b>box</b>, <b>circle</b>,
<b>ellipse</b>, <b>line</b>, <b>arrow</b>, <b>spline</b>,
<b>&quot;&quot;</b>, or <b>[]</b> (the last type refers to a
<i>composite object</i> which we&rsquo;ll discuss later).
So, for example, the <b>last circle</b> clause in the
program attached to Figure 9.1.3 refers to the last circle
drawn.</font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">More
generally, objects of a given type are implicitly numbered
(starting from&nbsp;1). You can refer to (say) the third
ellipse in the current picture with <b>3rd ellipse</b>, or
to the first box as <b>1st box</b>, or to the fifth text
string (which isn&rsquo;t an attribute to another object) as
<b>5th &quot;&quot;</b>.</font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">Objects
are also numbered backwards by type from the last one. You
can say <b>2nd last box</b> to get the second-to-last box,
or <b>3rd last ellipse</b> to get the third-to-last
ellipse.</font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">In places
where <i>n</i><b>th</b> is allowed,
<b>&lsquo;</b><i>expr</i><b>&rsquo;th</b> is also allowed.
Note that <b>&rsquo;th</b> is a single token: no space is
allowed between the <b>&rsquo;</b> and the <b>th</b>. For
example,</font></p>

<pre style="margin-left:20%; margin-top: 1em">for i = 1 to 4 do {
   line from &lsquo;i&rsquo;th box.nw to &lsquo;i+1&rsquo;th box.se
}</pre>


<h3>9.2. Naming Objects With Labels
<a name="9.2. Naming Objects With Labels"></a>
</h3>


<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">You can
also specify an object by referring to a label. A label is a
word (which must begin with a capital letter) followed by a
colon; you declare it by placing it immediately before the
object drawing command. For example, the program</font></p>

<pre style="margin-left:10%; margin-top: 1em">.PS
A: box &quot;first&quot; &quot;object&quot;
move;
B: ellipse &quot;second&quot; &quot;object&quot;
move;
arrow right at A .r;
.PE</pre>


<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">declares
labels <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> for its first and second
objects. Here&rsquo;s what that looks like:</font></p>


<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000"><img src="img/pic30.png" alt="Image img/pic30.png"></font></p>


<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">Figure
9-1: Example of label use</font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">The
<b>at</b> statement in the fourth line uses the label
<b>A</b> (the behavior of <b>at</b> is explained in the next
section). We&rsquo;ll see later on that labels are most
useful for referring to block composite objects.</font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 1em"><font color="#000000">Labels are
not constants but variables (you can view colon as a sort of
assignment). You can say something like <b>A: A + (1,0);</b>
and the effect is to reassign the label <b>A</b> to
designate a position one inch to the right of its old
value.</font></p>
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