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<title>EquidistantTest -- perform projections based on geodesics</title>
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<ul>

	<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
	<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
	<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#examples">EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#errors">ERRORS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
	<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
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<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
<p>EquidistantTest -- perform projections based on geodesics</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
<p><strong>EquidistantTest</strong> ( <strong>-z</strong> | <strong>-c</strong> | <strong>-g</strong> ) <em>lat0</em> <em>lon0</em> [ <strong>-r</strong> ]
[ <strong>-e</strong> <em>a</em> <em>r</em> ] [ <strong>--version</strong> | <strong>-h</strong> | <strong>--help</strong> ]</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
<p>Perform projections based on geodesics.  Convert geodetic coordinates to
either azimuthal equidistant, Cassini-Soldner, or gnomonic coordinates.
The center of the projection (<em>lat0</em>, <em>lon0</em>) is specified by either the <strong>-c</strong>
option (for Cassini-Soldner), the <strong>-z</strong> option (for azimuthal equidistant),
or the <strong>-g</strong> option (for gnomonic).  At least one of these options must be
given (the last one given is used).</p>
<p>Geodetic coordinates are provided on standard input as a set of lines
containing (blank separated) <em>latitude</em> and <em>longitude</em> (decimal
degrees or degrees, minutes, seconds).  For each set of geodetic
coordinates, the corresponding projected coordinates <em>x</em>, <em>y</em> (meters)
are printed on standard output together with the azimuth <em>azi</em>
(degrees) and reciprocal scale <em>rk</em>.  For Cassini-Soldner, <em>azi</em> is
the bearing of the easting direction and the scale in the easting
direction is 1 and the scale in the northing direction is 1/<em>rk</em>.  For
azimuthal equidistant and gnomonic, <em>azi</em> is the bearing of the radial
direction and the scale in the azimuthal direction is 1/<em>rk</em>.  For
azimuthal equidistant and gnomonic, the scales in the radial direction
are 1 and 1/<em>rk</em>^2, respectively.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="z" class="item"><strong>-z</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>use the azimuthal equidistant projection centered at latitude = <em>lat0</em>,
longitude = <em>lon0</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="c" class="item"><strong>-c</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>use the Cassini-Soldner projection centered at latitude = <em>lat0</em>,
longitude = <em>lon0</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="g" class="item"><strong>-g</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>use the ellipsoidal gnomonic projection centered at latitude = <em>lat0</em>,
longitude = <em>lon0</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="r" class="item"><strong>-r</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>perform the reverse projection.  <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are given on standard
input and each line of standard output gives <em>latitude</em>, <em>longitude</em>,
<em>azi</em>, and <em>rk</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="e" class="item"><strong>-e</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>specify the ellipsoid via <em>a</em> <em>r</em>; the equatorial radius is <em>a</em> and
the reciprocal flattening is <em>r</em>.  Setting <em>r</em> = 0 results in a
sphere.  Specify <em>r</em> &lt; 0 for a prolate ellipsoid.  By default, the
WGS84 ellipsoid is used, <em>a</em> = 6378137m, <em>r</em> = 298.257223563.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="version" class="item"><strong>--version</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>print version.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-h</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>print usage.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a name="help" class="item"><strong>--help</strong></a></strong></dt>

<dd>
<p>print full documentation.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="examples">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<pre>
   echo 48.648 -2.007 | EquidistantTest -c 48.836 2.337
   =&gt; -319919 -11791 86.7 0.999
   echo -319919 -11791 | EquidistantTest -c 48.836 2.337 -r
   =&gt; 48.648 -2.007 86.7 0.999</pre>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="errors">ERRORS</a></h1>
<p>An illegal line of input will print an error message to standard output
beginning with <code>ERROR:</code> and causes <strong>EquidistantTest</strong> to return an exit
code of 1.  However, an error does not cause <strong>EquidistantTest</strong> to
terminate; following lines will be converted.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
<p><strong>EquidistantTest</strong> is a part of GeographicLib,
<a href="http://geographiclib.sf.net">http://geographiclib.sf.net</a>.  The ellipsoidal gnomonic projection is
derived in Section 13 of C. F. F. Karney, <em>Geodesics on an ellipsoid of
revolution</em>, Feb. 2011; preprint <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1215">http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1215</a>.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
<p><strong>EquidistantTest</strong> was written by Charles Karney.</p>

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