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/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Insight Segmentation & Registration Toolkit
  Module:    itkMahalanobisDistanceMetric.h
  Language:  C++
  Date:      $Date$
  Version:   $Revision$

  Copyright (c) Insight Software Consortium. All rights reserved.
  See ITKCopyright.txt or http://www.itk.org/HTML/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notices for more information.

=========================================================================*/
#ifndef __itkMahalanobisDistanceMetric_h
#define __itkMahalanobisDistanceMetric_h

#include <vnl/vnl_vector.h>
#include <vnl/vnl_vector_ref.h>
#include <vnl/vnl_transpose.h>
#include <vnl/vnl_matrix.h>
#include <vnl/algo/vnl_matrix_inverse.h>
#include <vnl/algo/vnl_determinant.h>
#include "itkArray.h"

#include "itkDistanceMetric.h"


namespace itk {
namespace Statistics{

/** \class MahalanobisDistanceMetric
 * \brief MahalanobisDistanceMetric class computes a Mahalanobis 
 *  distance given a mean and covariance.
 *
 * \sa DistanceMetric
 * \sa EuclideanDistanceMetric
 * \sa EuclideanSquareDistanceMetric
 */

template< class TVector >
class ITK_EXPORT MahalanobisDistanceMetric :
    public DistanceMetric< TVector >
{
public:
  /** Standard class typedefs */
  typedef MahalanobisDistanceMetric                 Self;
  typedef DistanceMetric< TVector >                 Superclass;
  typedef SmartPointer<Self>                        Pointer;
  typedef SmartPointer<const Self>                  ConstPointer;

  /** Strandard macros */
  itkTypeMacro(MahalanobisDistanceMetric, DistanceMetric);
  itkNewMacro(Self);


  /** Typedef to represent the measurement vector type */
  typedef typename Superclass::MeasurementVectorType  MeasurementVectorType;

  /** Typedef to represent the length of measurement vectors */
  typedef typename Superclass::MeasurementVectorSizeType MeasurementVectorSizeType;


  /** Type used for representing the mean vector */
  typedef typename Superclass::OriginType MeanVectorType;

  /** Type used for representing the covariance matrix */
  typedef vnl_matrix<double>  CovarianceMatrixType;

  /**  Set the length of each measurement vector. */
  virtual void SetMeasurementVectorSize( MeasurementVectorSizeType );
 
  /** Method to set mean */
  void SetMean(const MeanVectorType &mean);
 
  /** Method to get mean */
  const MeanVectorType & GetMean() const;

  /**
   * Method to set covariance matrix
   * Also, this function calculates inverse covariance and pre factor of
   * MahalanobisDistance Distribution to speed up GetProbability */
  void SetCovariance(const CovarianceMatrixType &cov);

  /** Method to get covariance matrix */
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro( Covariance, CovarianceMatrixType );

  /**
   * Method to set inverse covariance matrix */
  void SetInverseCovariance(const CovarianceMatrixType &invcov);

  /** Method to get covariance matrix */
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro( InverseCovariance, CovarianceMatrixType );

  /**
   * Method to get probability of an instance. The return value is the
   * value of the density function, not probability. */
  double Evaluate(const MeasurementVectorType &measurement) const;

  /** Gets the distance between x1 and x2. */
  double Evaluate(const MeasurementVectorType &x1, const MeasurementVectorType &x2) const; 
 
  /** Set/Get tolerance values */
  itkSetMacro( Epsilon, double );
  itkGetConstMacro( Epsilon, double );

  itkSetMacro( DoubleMax, double );
  itkGetConstMacro( DoubleMax, double );

protected:
  MahalanobisDistanceMetric(void);
  virtual ~MahalanobisDistanceMetric(void) {}
  void PrintSelf(std::ostream& os, Indent indent) const;

private:
  MeanVectorType        m_Mean;              // mean
  CovarianceMatrixType  m_Covariance;        // covariance matrix

  // inverse covariance matrix which is automatically calculated
  // when covariace matirx is set.  This speed up the GetProbability()
  CovarianceMatrixType  m_InverseCovariance;

  double       m_Epsilon;
  double       m_DoubleMax;
 
  void CalculateInverseCovariance();

};

} // end of namespace Statistics
} // end namespace itk

#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION
#include "itkMahalanobisDistanceMetric.txx"
#endif

#endif