/usr/share/doc/liblouisutdml-dev/liblouisutdml.html is in liblouisutdml-dev 2.0.0-2.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 2623 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 2730 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2768 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3232 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255 3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3296 3297 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 3319 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377 3378 3379 3380 3381 3382 3383 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441 3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3456 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 3466 3467 3468 3469 3470 3471 3472 3473 3474 3475 3476 3477 3478 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 3493 3494 3495 3496 3497 3498 3499 3500 3501 3502 3503 3504 3505 3506 3507 3508 3509 3510 3511 3512 3513 3514 3515 3516 3517 3518 3519 3520 3521 3522 3523 3524 3525 3526 3527 3528 3529 3530 3531 3532 3533 3534 3535 3536 3537 3538 3539 3540 3541 3542 3543 3544 3545 3546 3547 3548 3549 3550 3551 3552 3553 3554 3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565 3566 3567 3568 3569 3570 3571 3572 3573 3574 3575 3576 3577 3578 3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 3608 3609 3610 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 3632 3633 3634 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662 3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 3712 3713 3714 3715 3716 3717 3718 3719 3720 3721 3722 3723 3724 3725 3726 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3742 3743 3744 3745 3746 3747 3748 3749 3750 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767 3768 3769 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3776 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3784 3785 3786 3787 3788 3789 3790 3791 3792 3793 3794 3795 3796 3797 3798 3799 3800 3801 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3816 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3864 3865 3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886 3887 3888 3889 3890 3891 3892 3893 3894 3895 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910 3911 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 3943 3944 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970 3971 3972 3973 3974 3975 3976 3977 3978 3979 3980 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993 3994 3995 3996 3997 3998 3999 4000 4001 4002 4003 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050 4051 4052 4053 4054 4055 4056 4057 4058 4059 4060 4061 4062 4063 4064 4065 4066 4067 4068 4069 4070 4071 4072 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077 4078 4079 4080 4081 4082 4083 4084 4085 4086 4087 4088 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095 4096 4097 4098 4099 4100 4101 4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 | <html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Liblouisutdml User's and Programmer's Manual</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="Liblouisutdml User's and Programmer's Manual">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
This manual is for liblouisutdml (version 2.0.0,
30 June 2011), an xml to Braille Translation Library.
This file may contain code borrowed from the Linux screenreader
BRLTTY, Copyright (C) 1999-2009 by the
BRLTTY Team.
Copyright (C) 2004-2009 ViewPlus Technologies, Inc.
`www.viewplus.com' and Copyright (C) 2006,2009
Abilitiessoft, Inc. `www.abilitiessoft.com'.
This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser (or library) General Public
License (LGPL) as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser (or Library) General Public License LGPL for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser (or Library)
General Public License (LGPL) along with this program; see the
file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51
Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="settitle">Liblouisutdml User's and Programmer's Manual</h1>
<div class="contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Liblouisutdml User's and Programmer's Manual</a>
<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
<li><a name="toc_Transcribing-Documents" href="#Transcribing-Documents">2 Transcribing Documents</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-XML-files-with-file2brl">2.1 Transcribing XML files with file2brl</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-Text-Documents">2.2 Transcribing Text Documents</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-Poorly-Formatted-Documents">2.3 Transcribing Poorly Formatted Documents</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-html-Documents">2.4 Transcribing html Documents</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-Microsoft-Word-files-with-msword2brl">2.5 Transcribing Microsoft Word files with msword2brl</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-RTF-files-with-rtf2brl">2.6 Transcribing RTF files with rtf2brl</a>
<li><a href="#Transcribing-PDF-files-with-pdf2brl">2.7 Transcribing PDF files with pdf2brl</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Customization-Configuring-liblouisutdml" href="#Customization-Configuring-liblouisutdml">3 Customization: Configuring liblouisutdml</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#outputFormat">3.1 outputFormat</a>
<li><a href="#translation">3.2 translation</a>
<li><a href="#xml">3.3 xml</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4 style</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.1 style document</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.2 style contentsheader</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.3 style contents1</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.4 style contents2</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.5 style contents3</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.6 style contents4</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.7 style heading1</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.8 style heading2</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.9 style heading3</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.10 style heading4</a>
<li><a href="#style">3.4.11 style para</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Connecting-with-the-xml-Document" href="#Connecting-with-the-xml-Document">4 Connecting with the xml Document - Semantic-Action Files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Semantic-Actions-Overview">4.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">4.2 Semantic Actions in detail</a>
<li><a href="#Pseudo_002dactions">4.3 Pseudo-actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Pseudo_002dactions">4.3.1 include</a>
<li><a href="#Pseudo_002dactions">4.3.2 newentries</a>
<li><a href="#Pseudo_002dactions">4.3.3 namespaces</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Using-XPath-Expressions">4.4 Using XPath Expressions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Special-Features" href="#Special-Features">5 Special Features</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Table-of-contents">5.1 Table of contents</a>
<li><a href="#Back_002dtranslation">5.2 Back-translation</a>
<li><a href="#Reformatting">5.3 Reformatting</a>
<li><a href="#Interlining">5.4 Interlining</a>
<li><a href="#Browser_002dFriendly-Output">5.5 Browser-Friendly Output</a>
<li><a href="#CDATA-Sections">5.6 <code>CDATA</code> Sections</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Special-Formats" href="#Special-Formats">6 Special Formats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Tables">6.1 Tables</a>
<li><a href="#Reserving-Space-for-Graphics">6.2 Reserving Space for Graphics</a>
<li><a href="#Displayed-Text">6.3 Displayed Text</a>
<li><a href="#Displayed-Mathematics">6.4 Displayed Mathematics</a>
<li><a href="#Spatial-Layouts-in-Mathematics">6.5 Spatial Layouts in Mathematics</a>
<li><a href="#Arithmetic-Examples">6.6 Arithmetic Examples</a>
<li><a href="#Poetry">6.7 Poetry</a>
<li><a href="#Dividing-a-Book-Into-Volumes">6.8 Dividing a Book Into Volumes</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes" href="#Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes">7 Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</a>
<li><a name="toc_Programming-with-liblouisutdml" href="#Programming-with-liblouisutdml">8 Programming with liblouisutdml</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#License">8.1 License</a>
<li><a href="#Overview">8.2 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Files-and-Paths">8.3 Files and Paths</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005fversion">8.4 lbx_version</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005finitialize">8.5 lbx_initialize</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005ftranslateString">8.6 lbx_translateString</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005ftranslateFile">8.7 lbx_translateFile</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005ftranslateTextFile">8.8 lbx_translateTextFile</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005fbackTranslateFile">8.9 lbx_backTranslateFile</a>
<li><a href="#lbx_005ffree">8.10 lbx_free</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Example-files" href="#Example-files">Appendix A Example files</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#canonical_002ecfg">A.1 <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#default_002ecfg">A.2 <samp><span class="file">default.cfg</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#html_002esem">A.3 <samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#nemeth_002esem">A.4 <samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#Files-for-BAUK-Maths-_0028ukmaths_0029">A.5 Files for BAUK Maths (ukmaths)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ukmaths_002ecfg">A.5.1 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.cfg</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#ukmaths_002esem">A.5.2 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.sem</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#ukmaths_002ectb">A.5.3 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.ctb</span></samp></a>
<li><a href="#ukmaths_005fedit_002ectb">A.5.4 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths_edit.ctb</span></samp></a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Configuration-Settings-Index" href="#Configuration-Settings-Index">Configuration Settings Index</a>
<li><a name="toc_Semantic-Action-Index" href="#Semantic-Action-Index">Semantic Action Index</a>
<li><a name="toc_Function-Index" href="#Function-Index">Function Index</a>
<li><a name="toc_Program-Index" href="#Program-Index">Program Index</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
<p><a name="Top"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Liblouisutdml User's and Programmer's Manual</h2>
<p>This manual is for liblouisutdml (version 2.0.0,
30 June 2011), an xml to Braille Translation Library.
<p>This file may contain code borrowed from the Linux screenreader
<acronym>BRLTTY</acronym>, Copyright © 1999-2009 by the
<acronym>BRLTTY</acronym> Team.
<p class="noindent">Copyright © 2004-2009 ViewPlus Technologies, Inc.
<a href="www.viewplus.com">www.viewplus.com</a> and Copyright © 2006,2009
Abilitiessoft, Inc. <a href="www.abilitiessoft.com">www.abilitiessoft.com</a>.
<blockquote>
This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser (or library) General Public License
(LGPL) as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3,
or (at your option) any later version.
<p>This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser (or Library) General Public License LGPL for more details.
<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser (or Library) General
Public License (LGPL) along with this program; see the file COPYING.
If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street,
Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
</blockquote>
<p><a name="Introduction"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
<p>liblouisutdml is a software component which can be incorporated into
software packages to provide the capability of translating any file in
the computer lingua franca xml format or plain text into properly
transcribed
braille. This includes translation into grade two, if desired,
mathematical codes, etc. It also includes formatting according to a
style sheet which can be modified by the user. The first
program into which liblouisutdml has been incorporated is
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. This program will translate an xml or text file
into an embosser-ready braille file. It is not necessary to know xml,
because MSWord and other word processors can export files in this
format. If the word processor has been used correctly
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> will produce an excellent braille file.
<p>There is a Mac GUI application incorporating liblouisutdml called
<samp><span class="command">louis</span></samp>. For a link to it go to
<a href="www.abilitiessoft.com/downloads">www.abilitiessoft.com/downloads</a>. You can also obtain a Windows
binary on this page. At present it is command-line. We hope to have a
GUI soon.
<p>Users who want to generate Braille using <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> will be
interested in <a href="#Transcribing-XML-files-with-file2brl">Transcribing XML files with file2brl</a>. Those who
wish to change the output generated by liblouisutdml should read
<a href="#Customization-Configuring-liblouisutdml">Customization Configuring liblouisutdml</a>. If you encounter a type
of xml file with which liblouisutdml is not familiar you can learn how
to tell it how to process that file by reading <a href="#Connecting-with-the-xml-Document">Connecting with the xml Document</a>. If you wish to implement a new braille mathematics
code read <a href="#Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes">Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</a>. Finally,
computer programmers who wish to use liblouisutdml in their software can
find the information they need in <a href="#Programming-with-liblouisutdml">Programming with liblouisutdml</a>.
<p>You will also find it advantageous to be acquainted with the companion
library liblouis, which is a braille translator and back-translator
(see <a href="liblouis.html#Top">Overview</a>).
<p><a name="Transcribing-Documents"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Transcribing Documents</h2>
<p><a name="Transcribing-XML-files-with-file2brl"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.1 Transcribing XML files with file2brl</h3>
<p><a name="index-file2brl-1"></a>
At the moment, actual transcription with liblouisutdml is done with the
command-line (or console) program <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. The line to type
is:
<pre class="example"> file2brl [OPTIONS] [-f config-file] [infile] [outfile]
</pre>
<p>The brackets indicate that something is optional. You will see that
nothing is required except the program name itself, <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>.
The various optional parts control how the program will behave, as
follows:
<dl>
<dt><samp><span class="option">-h</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp><dd>This option causes <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> to print a help message
describing usage and exit.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-v</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp><dd>This option causes <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> to display the version
information and exit.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-l</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--log-file</span></samp><dd>This option will cause <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> and liblouisutdml to print
error messages to <samp><span class="file">file2brl.log</span></samp> instead of stderr. The file will
be in the current directory. This option is particularly useful if
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> is called by a GUI script or Web application.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-f configfile</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--config-file configfile</span></samp><dd>This specifies the configuration file which tells <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>
how to do the transcription. (It may be a list of file names separated
by commas.) This file specifies such things as the number of cells per
line, the number of lines per page, The translation tables to be used,
how paragraphs and headings are to be formatted, etc. If this part of
the command line is omitted, <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> assumes that the
configuration file is named <samp><span class="file">default.cfg</span></samp>. If the configuration
file name contains a pathname <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> will consider this as
a path on which to look for files that it needs (see <a href="#Files-and-Paths">Files and Paths</a>). If no pathname is given the standard paths are searched and
finally the current directory. To make <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> search the
current directory first, precede the file name with <code>./</code>.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-Csetting=value</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--config-setting setting=value</span></samp><dd>This option enables you to specify configuration settings on the
command line instead of changing the configuration file. You can use
as many <samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp> options as you wish. Any settings can be specified
except those having to do with styles. See <a href="#Configuration-Settings-Index">Configuration Settings Index</a>, for a list of available settings. These must be specified in
configuration files. The settings may be in any order. They override
any settings in <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> or in the configuration file used
by <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--backward</span></samp><dd>back-translate. The input file must be a braille file, such as
<samp><span class="file">.brf</span></samp>. The output file is a back-translation of this file. It
may be in either plain-text or xhtml (html), according to the setting
of <code>backFormat</code> in the <code>outputFormat</code> section of the
configuration file. Html files will contain page numbers and emphasis.
To get good html, the liblouis table must have the entry ‘<samp><span class="samp">space
\e 1b</span></samp>’ so that it will pass through escape characters. The
<samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp> file must also contain the line ‘<samp><span class="samp">pagenum
pagenum</span></samp>’. Text output files simply have a blank line between
paragraphs. Encoding of text files is controlled by the
<code>outputEncoding</code> setting. Html files are always in UTF-8.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--reformat</span></samp><dd>Reformat. The input file must be a braille file, such as <samp><span class="file">.brf</span></samp>.
The output is a braille file formatted according to the configuration
file. It is advisable to set backFormat to html, since this will
preserve print page numbers and emphasis. This option can be useful
for changing the line length and page length of a braille file, for
example, from 40 to 32 cells. It is also an excellent way to check the
accuracy of liblouis tables. The original page numbers at the tops and
bottoms of pages are discarded, and new ones are generated.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--poorly-formatted</span></samp><dd>Poorly formatted input translation. Infile is any text file such as may
have been obtained by extracting the text in a pdf file. The input
file may also be an xml or html file which is so poorly formatted that
better braille can be obtained by ignoring the formatting.
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> tries to guess paragraph breaks. The output is
generally reasonably formatted, that is, with reasonable paragraph
breaks.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">-t</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="option">--html</span></samp><dd>The document is an h(t)ml file, not xhtml. This option is useful with
files downloaded from the Web in source form. Without it, the program
will first try to parse the file as an xml document, producing lots of
error messages. It will then try the html parser. With this option, it
goes directly to the html parser. See also the <code>formatFor</code>
configuration (see <a href="#formatFor-setting">formatFor setting</a>) file setting, which enables
you to format the braille output for viewing in a browser.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">infile</span></samp><dd>This is the name of the input file containing the material to be
transcribed. The file may be either an xml file or a text file. The
<samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp> options discussed above
provide for other types of files and processing. Typical xml files are
those provided by <a href="www.bookshare.org">www.bookshare.org</a> or those derived from a
word processor by saving in xml format. If a text file is used
paragraphs and headings should be separated by blank lines. In such a
file there is no way to distinguish between paragraphs and headings,
so they will all be formatted as paragraphs, as specified by the
configuration file. However, if you want a blank line in the braille
transcription use two consecutive blank lines in the text file.
<br><dt><samp><span class="option">outfile</span></samp><dd>This is the name of the output file. It will be transcribed as
specified by the configuration file and the <samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp> configuration
settings.
The following paragraphs provide more information on both the input
and output files.
</dl>
<p><samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> is set up so that it can be used in a "pipe". To do
this, omit both infile and outfile. Input is then taken from the
standard input unit.
<p>The first file name encountered (a word not preceded by a minus sign)
is taken to be the input file and the second to be the output file. If
you wish input to be taken from stdin and still want to specify an
output file, use one minus sign (‘<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>’) for the input file.
<p>If only the program name is typed <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> assumes that the
configuration file is <samp><span class="file">default.cfg</span></samp>, input is from the standard
input unit, and output is to the standard output unit.
<p><a name="Transcribing-Text-Documents"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.2 Transcribing Text Documents</h3>
<p>See the previous section on using <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. This program
recognizes text files automatically and transcribes them according to
the information in the configuration files. Paragraphs must be
separated with a blank line. If you want a blank line in the output use
two blank lines.
<p><a name="Transcribing-Poorly-Formatted-Documents"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.3 Transcribing Poorly Formatted Documents</h3>
<pre class="example"> file2brl -p infile outfile
</pre>
<p>Some text documents, such as those derived from pdf files, and even
some xml and html documents, are so poorly formatted that you can get
better braille by ignoring whatever markup they contain. The
<samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp> option of <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> does this. It ignores xml or
html markup and uses heuristics to find the beginning of paragraphs.
Its choices are usually good. Note that it does not work with rtf
files. However, if <samp><span class="command">rtf2xml</span></samp> (see <a href="#Transcribing-RTF-files-with-rtf2brl">Transcribing RTF files with rtf2brl</a>) will convert the file, it will work with the resulting
xml file.
<p><a name="Transcribing-html-Documents"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.4 Transcribing html Documents</h3>
<pre class="example"> file2brl -t infile outfile
</pre>
<p>The <samp><span class="option">-t</span></samp> option prevents <samp><span class="command">xml2blr</span></samp> from trying to
transcribe
infile as an xml document. This will produce a lot of error messages.
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> will then try the html parser. Note that xhtml
documents are actually xml.
<p><a name="Transcribing-Microsoft-Word-files-with-msword2brl"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.5 Transcribing Microsoft Word files with msword2brl</h3>
<p><a name="index-msword2brl-2"></a>
<pre class="example"> msword2brl infile outfile
</pre>
<p>Infile must be a Microsoft Word file. The script first calls the
<samp><span class="command">antiword</span></samp> program, so you must have this installed on your
machine. <samp><span class="command">antiword</span></samp> is called with <samp><span class="option">-x db</span></samp>, which
causes the output to be in docbook format. This is piped to
<samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. The output file from <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> contains
much of the formatting, including emphasis, of the word file.
<p><a name="Transcribing-RTF-files-with-rtf2brl"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.6 Transcribing RTF files with rtf2brl</h3>
<p><a name="index-rtf2brl-3"></a>
<pre class="example"> rtf2brl infile outfile
</pre>
<p>Infile must be a rich-text (rtf) file, such as Bookshare provides for
proofreading. The script first calls <samp><span class="command">rtf2xml</span></samp>, so you must have
this program installed on your machine. You can find it on the downloads
page of <a href="www.abilitiessoft.com">www.abilitiessoft.com</a>. It was copied from its SourceForge
project. Since it is a Python program, it can be rather slow. Its output
is piped to <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. The output of <samp><span class="command">rtf2xml</span></samp> is xml
with the root element <code>doc</code>. The file <samp><span class="file">doc.sem</span></samp> is fairly
complete, so the output of <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> contains much of the
formatting, including emphasis, of the original rtf file.
<p><a name="Transcribing-PDF-files-with-pdf2brl"></a>
<h3 class="section">2.7 Transcribing PDF files with pdf2brl</h3>
<p><a name="index-pdf2brl-4"></a>
<pre class="example"> pdf2brl infile outfile
</pre>
<p>Infile must be a PDF (Portable Document Format) file. The script first
calls the <samp><span class="command">pdftotext</span></samp> program, so you must have this installed
on your machine. It is part of xpdf and most likely already installed
if you're on a modern Linux distribution. Otherwise, you can get it
from either <a href="http://poppler.freedesktop.org">http://poppler.freedesktop.org</a> or
<a href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/download.html">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/download.html</a>. <samp><span class="command">pdftotext</span></samp>
is called with the <samp><span class="option">-raw</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-</span></samp> options, which cause
it to place its output on stdout. This is piped to <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>,
which is called with the <samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp> option, since output from
<samp><span class="command">pdftotext</span></samp> is likely to be poorly formatted. The output file
from <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> is mostly in sensible paragraphs.
<p><a name="Customization-Configuring-liblouisutdml"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Customization: Configuring liblouisutdml</h2>
<p>The operation of liblouisutdml is controlled by two types of files:
semantic-action files and configuration files. The former are
discussed in the section Connecting with the xml Document -
Semantic-action Files (see <a href="#Connecting-with-the-xml-Document">Connecting with the xml Document - Semantic-Action Files</a>). The latter are
discussed in this section. A third type of file, braille translation
tables, is discussed in the liblouis documentation (see <a href="liblouis.html#Top">Overview</a>).
Another section of the present document which may be of interest is
Implementing Braille Mathematical Codes (see <a href="#Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes">Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</a>).
<p>Besides files, liblouisutdml can also be controlled by configuration
strings, which are character strings in memory containing configuration
settings separated by end-of-line characters. Such strings can be
generated by the <samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp> option on the <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> command
line, by the <code>configstring</code> and <code>configtweak</code> semantic
actions, or by passing a string to the <code>lbx_initialize</code> function.
<p>The information below applies to <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> as much as to
liblouisutdml.
<p>Before discussing configuration files in detail it is worth noting
that the application program has access to the information in the
configuration files by calling the liblouisutdml function
<code>lbx_initialize</code>. This function returns a pointer to a data
structure containing the configuration information. The calling program
must include the header file <code>louisutdml.h</code>. You do not need to call
<code>lbx_initialize</code> unless you need the facilities which it provides.
<p>A configuration file specification may contain more than one file name,
separated by commas. liblouisutdml will process these files in sequence.
The first file name may also contain a path. liblouisutdml will search for
the files it needs first on this path. To make it search first the
current directory precede the first file name with <code>./</code>. After the
path, if any, has been evaluated, but before reading any of the files,
liblouisutdml reads in a file called <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp>. This file
specifies values for all possible settings. It is needed to complete the
initialization of the program. You may alter the values in the
distribution <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp>, but you should not delete any
settings. Do not specify <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> as your configuration
file. This will lead to error messages and program termination. If a
configuration file read in later contains a particular setting name, the
value specified simply replaces the one specified in
<samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp>.
<p>As you will see by looking at <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp>, it contains four
main sections, <code>outputFormat</code>, <code>translation</code>, <code>xml</code> and
<code>style</code>. In addition, a configuration file can contain an
include entry. This causes the file named on that line to be read in
at the point where the line occurs. The sections need not follow each
other in any particular order, nor is the order of settings within
each section important. The section names, except for <code>style</code> are
optional. In this document and in the
<samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> file, where section and setting names consist of
more than one word, the first letter of each word following the
initial one is capitalized. This is merely for readability. The case
of the letters in these names is ignored by the program. Section and
setting names may not contain spaces.
<p>Here, then, is an explanation of each section and setting in the
<samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> file. When you look at this file you will see
that the section names start at the left margin, while the settings
are indented one tab stop. This is done for readability. it has no
effect on the meaning of the lines. You will also see lines beginning
with a number sign (‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’), which are comments. Blank lines can
also be used anywhere in a configuration file. In general, a section
name is a single word or combination of unspaced words. However, each
style has a section of its own, so the word ‘<samp><span class="samp">style</span></samp>’ is followed
by a space then by the name of the style. Setting lines begin with the
name of the
setting, followed by at least one space or tab, followed by the value
of the setting. A few settings have two values.
<p><a name="outputFormat"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 outputFormat</h3>
<p>This section specifies the format of the output file (or string).
<a name="index-cellsPerLine-5"></a>
<dl><dt><code>cellsPerLine 40</code><dd>
The number of cells in a braille line.
<p><a name="index-linesPerPage-6"></a><br><dt><code>linesPerPage 25</code><dd>
The number of lines on a braille page
<p><a name="index-interpoint-7"></a><br><dt><code>interpoint no</code><dd>
Whether or not the output will be used to produce interpoint braille.
This affects the placement of page numbers and may affect other things
in the future. The only two values recognized are ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="index-lineEnd-8"></a><br><dt><code>lineEnd \r\n</code><dd>
This specifies the control characters to be placed at the end of each
output line. These characters vary from one intended use of the output
to another. Most embossers require the carriage-return and line-feed
combination specified above. However, a braille display may work best
with just one or the other. Any valid control characters can be
specified.
<p><a name="index-pageEnd-9"></a><br><dt><code>pageEnd \f</code><dd>
The control Character to be given at the end of a page. Here it is a
forms-feed character, but it can be something else if deeded.
<p><a name="index-fileEnd-10"></a><br><dt><code>fileEnd ^z</code><dd>
The control character to be placed at the end of the file, here a
control-z.
<p><a name="index-printPages-11"></a><br><dt><code>printPages yes</code><dd>
Whether or not to show print page numbers if they are given in the xml
input. The two valid values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="index-braillePages-12"></a><br><dt><code>braillePages yes</code><dd>
Whether or not to format the output into pages. Here the value is
‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’, for use with an embosser. However the user of a braille
display may wish to specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’, so as not to be bothered with
page numbers and forms feed characters. If no is specified the lines
will still be of the length given in <code>cellsPerLine</code>, but the
value of <code>linesPerPage</code> will be ignored.
<p><a name="index-paragraphs-13"></a><br><dt><code>paragraphs yes</code><dd>
Whether or not to format the output into paragraphs, using appropriate
styles. If ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ is specified, what would be a paragraph is output
simply as one long line. Applications that wish to do their own
formatting may specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="index-beginningPageNumber-14"></a><br><dt><code>beginningPageNumber 1</code><dd>
This is the number to be placed on the first Braille page if
<code>braillePages</code> is yes. This is useful when producing multiple
Braille volumes.
<p><a name="index-printPageNumberAt-15"></a><br><dt><code>printPageNumberAt top</code><dd>
If print page numbers are given in the xml input file they will be
placed at the top of each braille page in the right-hand corner. If
<code>pageSeparator</code> is set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’, a page separator line
will also be produced on the Braille page where the print page break
actually occurs. You may also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">bottom</span></samp>’ for this setting.
<p><a name="index-braillePageNumberAt-16"></a><br><dt><code>braillePageNumberAt bottom</code><dd>
The braille page number will be placed in the bottom right-hand corner
of each page. If <code>interpoint yes</code> has been specified only odd pages
will receive page numbers. You may also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">top</span></samp>’ for this
setting. If print page numbers and Braille page numbers are
both placed at the top or bottom, they are rendered next to each other
with a space in between.
<p><a name="continuePages-setting"></a><a name="index-continuePages-17"></a><br><dt><code>continuePages yes</code><dd>
Print page numbers can be prefixed with a letter (a, b, c, etc.) on
continued pages. The two valid values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="pageSeparator-setting"></a><a name="index-pageSeparator-18"></a><br><dt><code>pageSeparator yes</code><dd>
A page separator line (or page break indicator), a line of unspaced
Braille dots 36, will be placed wherever a print page break occurs. No
page separator lines are placed on the first or last line of a Braille
page, and no page separator lines are shown when the new print page
coincides with a new Braille page.
<p><a name="index-pageSeparatorNumber-19"></a><br><dt><code>pageSeparatorNumber yes</code><dd>
Show a page number at the far right margin of a page separator line. No
space is left between the separator line and the first symbol of the
page number.
<p><a name="index-ignoreEmptyPages-20"></a><br><dt><code>ignoreEmptyPages yes</code><dd>
An empty page occurs when a <code>pagenum</code> tag is immediately followed
by another <code>pagenum</code> tag. By default, empty pages are completely
ignored. If you specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ for this setting, a sequence of
<code>pagenum</code> tags will lead to a <em>combined</em> print page number:
the number of the first empty page is combined with that of the page on
which text reappears, e.g. 5-7. If lettered continuation pages are
required (see <code>continuePages</code>), they carry only the number of the
page on which text reappears.
<p><a name="printPageNumberRange-setting"></a><a name="index-printPageNumberRange-21"></a><br><dt><code>printPageNumberRange no</code><dd>
By default, only the page number of the <em>first</em> print page on a
Braille page is shown at the top or bottom. However, if
<code>printPageNumberRange</code> is set to ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’, the <em>range</em> of
print pages contained in the current Braille page is displayed. If the
first page in this range is a continued print page, it is prefixed
with a letter as usual (see <code>continuePages</code>).
<p><a name="index-mergeUnnumberedPages-22"></a><br><dt><code>mergeUnnumberedPages yes</code><dd>
Page breaks without a page number can simply be ignored. This means that
unnumbered print pages will be treated as if they were a part of the
preceding page. You can also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ for this setting.
<p><a name="index-pageNumberTopSeparateLine-23"></a><br><dt><code>pageNumberTopSeparateLine yes</code><dd>
Whether or not to provide a separate line for page numbers when they are
placed at the top of a Braille page. The two valid values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’. A print page number range (see <code>printPageNumberRange</code>)
at the top of a page is always displayed on a separate line.
<p><a name="index-pageNumberBottomSeparateLine-24"></a><br><dt><code>pageNumberBottomSeparateLine yes</code><dd>
Whether or not to provide a separate line for page numbers when they are
placed at the bottom of a Braille page.
<p><a name="index-hyphenate-25"></a><br><dt><code>hyphenate no</code><dd>
If ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ is specified words will be hyphenated at the ends of
lines if a hyphenation table is available. In contracted English
Braille hyphenation is not generally used, but it can save
considerable space. The hyphenation table is specified as part of the
table list in the <code>literaryTextTable</code> setting of the translation
section.
<p><a name="index-outputEncoding-26"></a><br><dt><code>outputEncoding ascii8</code><dd>
This specifies that the output is to be in the form of 8-bit ASCII
characters. This is generally used if the output is intended directly
for a braille embosser or display. The other values of encoding are
‘<samp><span class="samp">UTF8</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">UTF16</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">UTF32</span></samp>’. These are useful if the
application will process the output further, such as for generating
displays of braille dots on a screen.
<p><a name="index-inputTextEncoding-27"></a><br><dt><code>inputTextEncoding ascii8</code><dd>
This setting is used to specify the encoding of an input text file.
The valid values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">UTF8</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii8</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="formatFor-setting"></a><a name="index-formatFor-28"></a><br><dt><code>formatFor textDevice</code><dd>
This setting specifies the type of device the output is intended for.
‘<samp><span class="samp">textDevice</span></samp>’ is any device that accepts plain text, including
embossers. You can also specify ‘<samp><span class="samp">browser</span></samp>’. In this case the
output will be formatted for viewing in a browser. If the input file
contains links, they will be preserved and can be used in the normal
way. The text will be translated into braille with the correct line
length. Math and computer material will be translated appropriately.
These files work well in lynx and Internet Explorer, not so well
in
elinks and Firefox (Before Jaws 10).
<p><a name="index-backFormat-29"></a><br><dt><code>backFormat plain</code><dd>
This setting specifies the format of back-translated files.
‘<samp><span class="samp">Plain</span></samp>’ specifies plain-text, while ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’ specifies xhtml.
The latter is always encoded in UTF-8. Plain-text files can be encoded
in ascii8, UTF-8 or UTF-16. Html is strongly recommended, since it
will preserve print page numbering and emphasis.
<p><a name="index-backLineLength-30"></a><br><dt><code>backLineLength 70</code><dd>
This setting specifies the length of lines in back-translated files,
whether in plain-text or html. This is mainly for human readability.
Lines may sometimes be somewhat longer.
<p><a name="index-interline-31"></a><br><dt><code>interline no</code><dd>
This setting specifies whether interlining is desired. If it is set to
‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’, the first line in the output will be a braille
translation, the next line will be its back-translation according to
the interlineBackTable. Back-translation is used instead of simply
presenting the print original because a braille line may contain
additional information, such as leading blanks, print or braille page
numbers, print page separator lines, etc.
<p><a name="lineFill-setting"></a><a name="index-lineFill-32"></a><br><dt><code>lineFill '</code><dd>
This setting defines the fill character that will be used before the
page numbers in the table of contents for example. The default fill
character is an apostrophe (dot 3).
</dl>
<p><a name="translation"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.2 translation</h3>
<p>This section specifies the liblouis translation tables to be used for
various purposes.
<a name="index-literaryTextTable-33"></a>
<dl><dt><code>literaryTextTable en-us-g2.ctb</code><dd>
The table used for producing literary braille. This may be either
contracted or uncontracted.
<p><a name="index-uncontractedTable-34"></a><br><dt><code>uncontractedTable en-us-g1.ctb</code><dd>
The table used for producing uncontracted or Grade One braille. This
setting appears to be superfluous and may be eliminated in the future.
<p><a name="index-compbrailleTable-35"></a><br><dt><code>compbrailleTable en-us-compbrl.ctb</code><dd>
The table used for producing large amounts of output in computer
braille, such as computer programs. The computer braille table is
usually combined with one of the two tables above.
<p><a name="index-mathtextTable-36"></a><br><dt><code>mathtextTable en-us-mathtext.ctb</code><dd>
This table specifies how the non-mathematical parts of math books are
to be translated. In many cases it will be the same as
literaryTextTable or uncontractedTable. For books translated with the
Nemeth Code it is different, because this code requires modification
of standard Grade Two.
<p><a name="index-MathexpTable-37"></a><br><dt><code>MathexpTable nemeth.ctb</code><dd>
This is the table used to translate mathematical expressions.
<p><a name="index-editTable-38"></a><br><dt><code>editTable nemeth_edit.ctb</code><dd>
When the output includes both mathematics and text there may be errors
where one type of translation directly follows another. The editTable
removes these errors.
<p><a name="index-interlineBackTable-39"></a><br><dt><code>interlineBackTable en-us-interline.ctb</code><dd>
This setting specifies the table to be used for back-translation when
interlining is turned on. It must be tailored for this purpose, since
an ordinary forward-translation table may contain entries that do not
handle the additional information in braille lines correctly.
</dl>
<p><a name="xml"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.3 xml</h3>
<p>This section provides various information for the processing of xml files.
<a name="index-semanticFiles-40"></a>
<dl><dt><code>semanticFiles *,nemeth.sem</code><dd>
This setting gives a list of semantic-action files. These files are
read in the sequence given in the list. Here the first member of the
list is an asterisk (‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’). This means that the corresponding file
is to be named by taking the root element of the document and
appending ‘<samp><span class="samp">.sem</span></samp>’. This asterisk member may occur anywhere in the
list.
<p><a name="index-xmlheader-41"></a><br><dt><code>xmlheader <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF8' standalone='yes'?></code><dd>
This line gives the xml header to be added to strings produced by
programs like <samp><span class="command">Mathtype</span></samp> that lack one.
<p><a name="index-entity-42"></a><br><dt><code>entity nbsp ^1</code><dd>
This line defines an entity or substitution in an xml file. It is one
of those that has two values. The first is the thing to be replaced,
and the second is the replacement. As many entity lines as necessary
can be used. The information they contain is added to the information
provided by xmlHeader. In <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> this line is commented
out, because specifying it at this point would prevent the user from
specifying his own xmlheader.
<p><a name="index-internetAccess-43"></a><br><dt><code>internetAccess yes</code><dd>
The computer has an internet connection and liblouisutdml may obtain
information necessary for the processing of this file from the
Internet. If this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ liblouisutdml will not try to use
the internet. The necessary information may, however, be provided on
the local machine in the form of a "dtd" file.
<p><a name="index-newEntries-44"></a><br><dt><code>newEntries yes</code><dd>
liblouisutdml may create a new semantic-action file (beginning with
<samp><span class="file">new_</span></samp>) for a document with an unknown root element or a file
(beginning with <samp><span class="file">appended_</span></samp>) containing new entries for an
existing semantic-action file. Both kinds of files are placed on the
current directory. If this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ liblouisutdml will not
create a file of new entries and if it encounters a document with an
unknown root element it will issue an error message. Setting
newEntries to ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ may be useful if users should not be bothered
with the minutiae of semantic-action files.
</dl>
<p><a name="style"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.4 style</h3>
<p>The following sections all deal with styles. Each style has its own
section. Style section names are unlike other section names in that they
consist of the word style, followed by a space, followed by a style
name. With some exceptions, styles are not hard-coded. The user may
define any style desired, with any name except <code>document</code>,
<code>para</code>, <code>heading1</code>, <code>heading2</code>, <code>heading3</code>,
<code>heading4</code>, <code>contentsheader</code>, <code>contents1</code>,
<code>contents2</code>, <code>contents3</code> and <code>contents4</code>. The first two
are needed for basic formatting. The others are needed for the table of
contents tool. The user must define settings for these styles as for any
others. This is done in <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp>, which also contains
definitions and settings for many other styles. The user can add styles
at any time in her/his own configuration files.
<p>Styles can be nested. That is, a document may contain a section of one
style, and inside this may be a section of another style. For example,
you might have styles named frontMatter, titlePage, dedication,
contents, and so on. Your document might contain a section of style
frontMatter. Inside this section might be subsections of styles
titlePage, dedication, contents, and so on. Inside the titlePage section
there might be other sections with styles heading1, para, centered, etc.
<p>Your frontMatter style might also define the "persistent" style setting
<code>braillePageNumberFormat roman</code>. This setting will apply to all the
styles nested within frontMatter, unless they have a setting other than
‘<samp><span class="samp">normal</span></samp>’, which is the default and means ordinary braille page
numbers. However, the titlePage style might have the setting
<code>braillePageNumberFormat blank</code>. This will apply to all styles
nested within it. When the titlePage section ends, the frontMatter
setting ‘<samp><span class="samp">roman</span></samp>’ will be restored. The
‘<samp><span class="samp">braiblePageNumberFormat</span></samp>’ setting is an example of a "persistent"
style setting. Most settings apply only to the style for which they are
declared.
<p>Below are the settings for the predefined style names. The
‘<samp><span class="samp">document</span></samp>’ style contains all possible settings. The others contain
only settings that are different from the defaults.
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 style document</h4>
<p>This is a predefined style name. All settings have their default values.
The user must specify any other values. If a "persistent" style setting
is specified, it will apply to the whole ducument.
<a name="index-linesBefore-45"></a>
<dl><dt><code>linesBefore 0</code><dd>
<p>This setting gives the number of blank lines which should be left
before the text to which this style applies. It is set to a non-zero
value for some header styles.
<p><a name="index-linesAfter-46"></a><br><dt><code>linesAfter 0</code><dd>
<p>The number of blank lines which should be left after the text to which
this style applies.
<p><a name="index-leftMargin-47"></a><br><dt><code>leftMargin 0</code><dd>
<p>The number of cells by which the left margin of all lines in the text
should be indented. Used for hanging indents, among other things.
<p><a name="index-firstLineIndent-48"></a><br><dt><code>firstLineIndent 0</code><dd>
<p>The number of cells by which the first line is to be indented relative
to leftMargin. firstLineIndent may be negative. If the result is less
than 0 it will be set to 0.
<p><a name="index-translate-49"></a><br><dt><code>translate contracted</code><dd>
<p>This setting is currently inactive. It may be used in the future. This
setting tells how text in this style should be translated. Possible
values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">contracted</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">uncontracted</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">compbrl</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">mathtext</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">mathexpr</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="index-skipNumberLines-50"></a><br><dt><code>skipNumberLines no</code><dd>
<p>If this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ the top and bottom lines on the page
will be skipped if they contain braille or print page numbers. This is
useful in some of the mathematical and graphical styles.
<p><a name="index-format-51"></a><br><dt><code>format leftJustified</code><dd>
<p>The format setting controls how the text in the style will be
formatted. Valid values are ‘<samp><span class="samp">leftJustified</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">rightJustified</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">centered</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">computerCoded</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">alignColumnsLeft</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">alignColumnsRight</span></samp>’,
and ‘<samp><span class="samp">contents</span></samp>’. The first three are self-explanatory.
‘<samp><span class="samp">computerCoded</span></samp>’ is used for computer programs and similar material.
The next two are used for tabular material. ‘<samp><span class="samp">alignColumnsLeft</span></samp>’
causes the left ends of columns to be aligned. ‘<samp><span class="samp">alignColumnsRight</span></samp>’
causes the right ends of columns to be aligned. ‘<samp><span class="samp">contents</span></samp>’ is used
only in styles specifically intended for tables of contents.
<p><a name="index-newPageBefore-52"></a><br><dt><code>newPageBefore no</code><dd>
<p>If this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’, the text will begin on a new page. This
is useful for certain mathematical and graphical styles. Page numbers
are handled properly.
<p><a name="index-newPageAfter-53"></a><br><dt><code>newPageAfter no</code><dd>
<p>If this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ any remaining space on the page after
the material covered by this style is handled is left blank, except
for page numbers.
<p><a name="index-rightHandPage-54"></a><br><dt><code>rightHandPage no</code><dd>
<p>if this setting is ‘<samp><span class="samp">yes</span></samp>’ and interpoint is yes the material
covered by this style will start on a right-hand page. This may cause
a left-hand page to be left blank except for page numbers. If
interpoint is ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ this setting is equivalent to newPageBefore.
<p><a name="index-braillePageNumberFormat-55"></a><br><dt><code>braillePageNumberFormat normal</code><dd>
<p>This setting specifies the format of braille page numbers. ‘<samp><span class="samp">normal</span></samp>’
means ordinary Arabic numbers. ‘<samp><span class="samp">roman</span></samp>’ means Roman numbers.
‘<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>’ means to precede Arabic numbers with the letter "p" (for
preliminary). Finally, ‘<samp><span class="samp">blank</span></samp>’ causes the page number to be blank
(no page numbers). This is a "persistent" style setting.
</dl>
<p><a name="contentsheader-style"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 style contentsheader</h4>
<p>This style is used to specify where the table of contents should be
placed and its title. The xml tag assigned to it in the semantic action
file should be placed in the document where you want the table of
contents, and it should contain the title of that table between its
starting and ending markers.
<a name="index-linesBefore-56"></a>
<dl><dt><code>linesBefore 1</code><dd>
<a name="index-linesAfter-57"></a><br><dt><code>linesAfter 1</code><dd>
<a name="index-format-58"></a><br><dt><code>format centered</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.3 style contents1</h4>
<p>This style and the other contents styles are used for the table of
contents and correspond to the four heading levels.
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-59"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent -2</code><dd>
<a name="index-leftMargin-60"></a><br><dt><code>leftMargin 2</code><dd>
<a name="index-format-61"></a><br><dt><code>format contents</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.4 style contents2</h4>
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-62"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent -2</code><dd>
<a name="index-leftMargin-63"></a><br><dt><code>leftMargin 4</code><dd>
<a name="index-format-64"></a><br><dt><code>format contents</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.5 style contents3</h4>
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-65"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent -2</code><dd>
<a name="index-leftMargin-66"></a><br><dt><code>leftMargin 6</code><dd>
<a name="index-format-67"></a><br><dt><code>format contents</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.6 style contents4</h4>
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-68"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent -2</code><dd>
<a name="index-leftMargin-69"></a><br><dt><code>leftMargin 8</code><dd>
<a name="index-format-70"></a><br><dt><code>format contents</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.7 style heading1</h4>
<p>This style is used for main headings, such as chapter titles.
<a name="index-linesBefore-71"></a>
<dl><dt><code>linesBefore 1</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-center-72"></a><br><dt><code>center yes</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-linesAfter-73"></a><br><dt><code>linesAfter 1</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.8 style heading2</h4>
<p>The first level of subheadings after the main heading.
<a name="index-linesBefore-74"></a>
<dl><dt><code>linesBefore 1</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-firstLineIndent-75"></a><br><dt><code>firstLineIndent 4</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.9 style heading3</h4>
<p>The third level of headings.
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-76"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent 4</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.10 style heading4</h4>
<p>The fourth and final level of headings.
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-77"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent 4</code><dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.11 style para</h4>
<p>Paragraph. This is ordinary body text.
<a name="index-firstLineIndent-78"></a>
<dl><dt><code>firstLineIndent 2</code><dd>
</dl>
<p><a name="Connecting-with-the-xml-Document"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Connecting with the xml Document - Semantic-Action Files</h2>
<p><a name="Semantic-Actions-Overview"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.1 Overview</h3>
<p>When liblouisutdml (or <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>) processes an xml document, it
needs to be told how to use the information in that document to
produce a properly translated and formatted braille document. These
instructions are provided by a semantic-action file, so called because
it explains the meaning, or semantics, of the various specifications
in the xml document. To understand how this works, it is necessary to
have a basic knowledge of the organization of an xml document.
<p>An xml document is organized like a book, but with much finer detail.
First there is the title of the whole book. Then there are various
sections, such as author, copyright, table of contents, dedication,
acknowledgments, preface, various chapters, bibliography, index, and so
on. Each chapter may be divided into sections, and these in turn can be
divided into subsections, subsubsections, etc. In a book the parts have
names or titles distinguished by capitalization, type fonts, spacing,
and so forth. In an xml document the names of the parts are enclosed in
angle brackets (‘<samp><span class="samp"><></span></samp>’). For example, if liblouisutdml encounters
<code><html></code> at the beginning of a document, it knows it is dealing
with a document that conforms to the standards of the extensible markup
language (xhtml) - at least we hope it does. When you see a book, you
know it's a book. The computer can know only by being told. Something
enclosed in angle brackets is called an "element" (more properly, a
"tag") in xml parlance. (There may be more between the angle brackets
than just the name of the element. More of this later). The first
"element" in a document thus tells liblouisutdml what kind of document it
is dealing with. This element is called the "root element" because the
document is visualized as branching out from it like a tree. Some
examples of root elements are <code><html></code>, <code><math></code>,
<code><book></code>, <code><dtbook></code> and <code><wordDocument></code>. Whenever
liblouisutdml encounters a root element that it doesn't know about it
creates a new file called a semantic-action file. The name of this file
is formed by stripping the angle brackets from the root element, putting
‘<samp><span class="samp">new_</span></samp>’ in front of it and adding a period plus the letters
‘<samp><span class="samp">sem</span></samp>’. For example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">new_myformat.sem</span></samp>’. If you look in a
directory containing semantic-action files you will see names like
<samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">dtbook.sem</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">math.sem</span></samp>, and so on. The
"new" semantic-action files must be edited by a person and the prefix
"new" removed to get an ordinary semantic-action file name.
<p>Sometimes it is advantageous to preempt the creation of a
semantic-action file for a new root element. For example, an article
written according to the docbook specification may have the root element
<code><article></code>. However, the specification itself has the root element
<code><book></code>. In this case you can specify the <samp><span class="file">book.sem</span></samp> file in
the configuration file by writing, in the xml section,:
<pre class="example"> semanticFiles book.sem
</pre>
<p>You will note that this setting uses the plural of "file". This is
because you can actually specify a list of file names separated by
commas. You might want to do this to specify the semantic-action file
for the particular braille mathematical code to be used. For example:
<pre class="example"> semanticFiles book.sem,ukmaths.sem
</pre>
<p>You can use an asterisk <code>*</code> to specify the semantic-action file
corresponding to the root element of the document anywhere in the list.
<p>As you will see in the next section, different braille style
conventions and different braille mathematical codes may require
different semantic-action files
<p>liblouisutdml records the names of all elements found in the document in
the semantic-action file. The document has a multitude of elements,
which can be thought of as describing the headings of various parts of
the document. One element is used to denote a chapter heading. Another
is used to denote a paragraph, Still another to denote text in bold
type, and so on. In other words, the elements take the place of the
capitalization, changes in type font, spacing, etc. in a book.
However, the computer still does not know what to do when it
encounters an element. The semantic-action file tells it that.
<p>Consider <samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp>. A copy is included as part of this
documentation with the name <samp><span class="file">example_html.sem</span></samp>
(see <a href="#html_002esem">html.sem</a>). It may differ from the file that liblouisutdml is
currently using. You will see that it begins with some lines about
copyrights. Each line begins with a number sign (‘<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>’). This
indicates that it is a "comment", intended for the human reader and
the computer should ignore it. Then there is a blank line. Finally,
there are two other comments explaining that the file must be edited
to get proper output. This is because a human being must tell the
computer what to do with each element. The semantic files for common
types of documents have already been edited, so you generally don't
have to worry about this. But if you encounter a new type of document
or wish to specify special handling for styles or mathematics you may
have to edit the semantic-action file or send it to the maintainer for
editing. In any case the rest of this section is essential for
understanding how liblouisutdml handles documents and for making changes
if the way it does so is not correct.
<p>After another blank line you will see a table consisting of two, and
sometimes three, columns. The first column contains a word which tells
the computer to do something. For example, the first entry in the
table is: ‘<samp><span class="samp">include nemeth.sem</span></samp>’. This tells liblouisutdml to include
the information in the <samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp> file when it is deciphering
an html (actually xhtml) document (it may be preferable to use the
semanticFiles setting in the configuration file rather than an
include).
<p>The second row of the table is:
<pre class="example"> no hr
</pre>
<p>‘<samp><span class="samp">hr</span></samp>’ is an element with the angle brackets removed. It means
nothing in itself. However, the first column contains the word
‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’. This tells liblouisutdml "no do", that is, do nothing. This is
not strictly true, since liblouisutdml will sometimes insert a blank space
so that words in text do not run together.
<p>After a few more lines with ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ in the first column, we see one
that says:
<pre class="example"> softreturn br
</pre>
<p>This means that when the element <code><br></code> is encountered,
liblouisutdml is to do a soft return, that is, start a new line without
starting a new paragraph.
<p>The next line says:
<pre class="example"> heading1 h1
</pre>
<p>This tells liblouisutdml that when it encounters the element <code><h1></code>
it is to format the text which follows as a first-level braille
heading, that is, the text will be centered and preceeded and followed
by blank lines. (You can change this by changing the definition of the
heading1 style).
<p>The next line says:
<pre class="example"> italicx em
</pre>
<p>This tells liblouisutdml that when it encounters the element <code><em></code>
it is to enclose the text which follows in braille italic indicators.
The ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span></samp>’ at the end of the semantic action name is there to
prevent conflicts with names elsewhere in the software. Just where the
italic indicators will be placed is controlled by the liblouis
translation table in use.
<p>The next line says:
<pre class="example"> skip style
</pre>
<p>This tells liblouis to simply skip ahead until it encounters the
element <code></style></code>. Nothing in between will have any effect on
the braille output. Note the slash (‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’) before the ‘<samp><span class="samp">style</span></samp>’.
This means the end of whatever the <code><style></code> element was
referring to. Actually, it was referring to specifications of how
things should be printed. If liblouisutdml had not been told to skip
these specifications, the braille output would have contained a lot of
gobledygook.
<p>The next line says:
<pre class="example"> italicx strong
</pre>
<p>This tells liblouis to also use the italic braille indicators for the
text between the <code><strong></code> and <code></strong></code> elements.
<p>After a few more lines with ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ in the first column we come to
the line:
<pre class="example"> document html
</pre>
<p>This tells liblouisutdml that everything between <code><html></code> and
<code></html></code> is an entire document. <code><html></code> was the root
element of this document, so this is logical.
<p>After another ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’ line we come to:
<pre class="example"> para p
</pre>
<p>liblouisutdml will consider everything between <code><p></code> and
<code></p></code> to be a normal body text paragraph.
<p>The next line is:
<pre class="example"> heading1 title
</pre>
<p>this causes the title of the document to also be treated as a braille
level 1 heading.
<p>Next we have the line:
<pre class="example"> list li
</pre>
<p>The xhtml <code><li></code> and <code></li></code> pair of elements is used to
enclose an item in a list. liblouisutdml will format this with its own
list style. That is, the first line will begin at the left margin and
subsequent lines will be indented two cells.
<p>Next we have:
<pre class="example"> table table
</pre>
<p>You will note that the names of actions and elements are often
identical. This is because they are both mnemonic. In any case, this
line tells liblouisutdml to format the table contained in the xhtml
document according to the table formatting rules it has been given for
braille output.
<p>Next we have the line:
<pre class="example"> heading2 h2
</pre>
<p>This means that the text between <code><h2></code> and <code></h2></code> is to be
formatted according to the Liblouisutdml style heading2. A blank line
will be left before the heading and the first line will be indented
four spaces.
<p>After a few more lines we come to:
<pre class="example"> no table,cellpadding
</pre>
<p>Note the comma in the second column. This divides the column into two
subcolumns. The first is the table element name. The second is called
an "attribute" in xml. It gives further instructions about the
material enclosed between the starting and ending "tags" of the
element (<code><table></code> and <code></table></code>. Full information requires
three subcolumns. The third is called the value and gives the actual
information. The attribute is merely the name of the information.
<p>Much further down we find:
<pre class="example"> no table,border,0
</pre>
<p>Here the element is table, the attribute is border and the value is 0.
If liblouisutdml were to interpret this, it would mean that the table
was to have a border of 0 width. It is not told to do so because
tables in braille do not have borders.
<p>Now let's look at the file which is included at the beginning of the
<samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp> file. This is <samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp>. As with
<samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp>, a copy is included in the appendix
(see <a href="#nemeth_002esem">nemeth.sem</a>), but it is not necessarily the one that
liblouisutdml is currently using. It illustrates several more things
about how liblouisutdml uses semantic-action files.
<p>The first thing you will notice is that for quite a few lines the
first and second columns are identical. This is because the MathML
element and attribute names are part of a standard, and it was
simplest to use the element names for the semantic actions as well. Most
of these actions do not do anything and could be replaced with the
<code>generic</code> semantic action. They are retained for backward
compatibility.
<p>The first line of real interest is:
<pre class="example"> math math
</pre>
<p>Every mathematical expression begins with the element <code><math></code>
(which may have attributes and values), and ends with <code></math></code>.
This is therefore the root element of a mathematical expression.
However, mathematical expressions are usually part of a document, so
it is not given the semantic action document. The math semantic action
causes liblouisutdml to carry out special interpretation actions. These
will become clearer as we continue to look at the <samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp>
file. You will note that this line has three columns. The meaning of
the third column is discussed below.
<p>After another uninteresting line we come to two that illustrate
several more facts about semantic-action files:
<pre class="example"> mfrac mfrac ^?,/,^#
mfrac mfrac,linethickness,0 ^(,^;%,^)
</pre>
<p>Like the math entry above, the first line has three columns. While the
first two columns must always be present, the third column is
optional. Here, it is also divided into subcolumns by commas. The
element <code><mfrac></code> indicates a fraction. A fraction has two parts,
a numerator and a denominator. In xml, we call these parts children of
<code><mfrac></code>. They may be represented in various ways, which need
not concern us here. What is of real importance is that the third
column tells liblouisutdml to put the characters ‘<samp><span class="samp">~?</span></samp>’ before the
numerator, ‘<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>’ between the numerator and denominator, and
‘<samp><span class="samp">~#</span></samp>’ after the denominator. Later on, liblouis will translate
these characters into the proper representation of a fraction in the
Nemeth Code of Braille Mathematics. (For other mathematical codes,
see <a href="#Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes">Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</a>).
<p>The second line is of even greater interest. The first column is again
‘<samp><span class="samp">mfrac</span></samp>’, but this line is for binomial coefficient. The second
column contains three subcolumns, an element name, an attribute name
and an attribute value. The attribute linethickness specifies the
thickness of the line separating the numerator and denominator. Here
it is 0, so there is no line. This is how the binomial coefficient is
represented in print. The third column tells how to represent it in
braille. liblouisutdml will supply ‘<samp><span class="samp">~(</span></samp>’, upper number, ‘<samp><span class="samp">~%</span></samp>’,
lower number, ‘<samp><span class="samp">~)</span></samp>’ to liblouis, which will then produce the
proper braille representation for the binomial coefficient.
<p>Returning to the line for the math element, we see that the third
column begins with a backslash followed by an asterisk. The backslash
is an escape character which gives a special meaning to the character
which follows it. Here the asterisk means that what follows is to be
placed at the very end of the mathematical expression, no matter how
complex it is.
<p>For further discussion of how the third column is used
see <a href="#Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes">Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</a>. The third column is
not limited to mathematics. It can be used to add characters to
anything enclosed by an xml tag.
<p><a name="Semantic-Actions-in-detail"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.2 Semantic Actions in detail</h3>
<p>Here is a complete list of the semantic actions which liblouisutdml
recognizes. Some of them are also the names of styles. These are listed
in the first table. For a discussion of these, see <a href="#Customization-Configuring-liblouisutdml">Customization Configuring liblouisutdml</a>.
<p>Generally the format of a semantic action is:
<pre class="example"> semanticAction elementSpecifier optionalArguments
</pre>
<p><code>elementSpecifier</code> is the second-column value, which may be an
element name, an element-attribute pair or an element-attribute-value
triplet, separated by commas. This specifies where a semantic action
is to be applied. If it is solely an element then the action is
applied if this element is encountered. If it is an element-attribute
pair then the action is applied if the given element also has the
specified attribute. In the last case with a element-attribute-value
triplet the action is only applied if the element has the specified
attribute and the value of this attribute is equal to the specified
value.
<a name="index-contenss1-79"></a>
<dl><a name="contenss1-semantic"></a><dt><code>contenss1 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Note that the <code>contenss1</code>, etc. semantic actions are never
assigned an
actual <code>elementSpecifier</code>. There used internally by the table of
contents generator. They should be assigned style settings, however.
<p><a name="index-contenss2-80"></a><a name="contenss2-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>contenss2 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-contenss3-81"></a><a name="contenss3-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>contenss3 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-contenss4-82"></a><a name="contenss4-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>contenss4 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-contentsheader-83"></a><a name="contentsheader-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>contentsheader elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action must be assigned an element specifier if used. See
the discussion of it in the section on styles.
<p><a name="index-document-84"></a><a name="document-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>document elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-heading1-85"></a><a name="heading1-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>heading1 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-heading2-86"></a><a name="heading2-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>heading2 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-heading3-87"></a><a name="heading3-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>heading3 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-heading4-88"></a><a name="heading4-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>heading4 elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-para-89"></a><a name="para-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>para elementSpecifier</code><dd>
</dl>
<p>The following table expbains each of the non-style semantic actions. In
general, each one performs a particular function. If a third column is
given, the subcolumns will be inserted in order before each branch of
any subtree starting from <code>elementSpecifier</code>.
<a name="index-blankline-90"></a>
<dl><a name="blankline-semantic"></a><dt><code>blankline elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action causes a blank line to appear in the output
wherever it may occur. It is useful for fine formatting independent of
styles. <code>elementSpecifier</code> should be an empty element, that is, of
the form <code><elementSpecifier/></code>. If it is not, any content which it
may contain will be ignored.
<p><a name="index-boldx-91"></a><a name="boldx-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>boldx elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Enclose the text which follows in braille bold indicators. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span></samp>’
at the end of the semantic action name is there to prevent conflicts
with names elsewhere in the software. Just where the bold indicators
will be placed is controlled by the liblouis translation table in use.
<p><a name="index-boxline-92"></a><a name="boxline-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>boxline elementSpecifier character</code><dd>
<p>A line consisting entirely of the character in the third column is
placed in the output. If the third column is blank this semantic action
does nothing. It is typically used to form the top and bottom lines of
"boxed" material. The character must be chosen to produce the desired
dot pattern on the embosser or display in use.
<p><a name="index-chemistry-93"></a><a name="chemistry-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>chemistry elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>When a module to handle chemical notation is ready, this semantic action
will invoke it. The processing will be like that produced by the
semantic
action <code>math</code>.
<p><a name="index-changetable-94"></a><a name="changetable-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>changetable elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action is used to change the active translation table. It
can switch to a table for another language or to a table for computer
braille in a mathematical expression, etc. <code>elementSpecifier</code> is in
the form <code>element,attribute</code>. The document contains something like:
<pre class="example"> <span lang="en-us-g1.ctb">
This is uncontracted.
</span>
</pre>
<p>The specified table remains in effect from
<code><element attribute="tablename"></code> until <code></element></code>, no
matter what is
between the two. The previous table is then restored.
<p><a name="index-compbrl-95"></a><a name="compbrl-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>compbrl elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>The material between <code>elementSpecifier</code> and
<code>/elementSpecifier</code> is translated as computer braille, if the
liblouis table in use phovides for it. Beginning and ending computer
braille indicators are inserted if they are in the table.
<p><a name="index-configfile-96"></a><a name="configfile-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>configfile elementSpecifier filename</code><dd>
<p>The <code>configfile</code>, <code>configstring</code> and <code>configtweak</code>
semantic actions enable the configuration of liblouisutdml to be changed
according to the contents of the document being transcribed.
<code>configfile</code> and <code>configstring</code> take effect during the
document analysis phase performed by <samp><span class="file">examine_document.c</span></samp>.
<code>configtweak</code> is effective during the transcription phase,
performed by <samp><span class="file">transcribe_document.c</span></samp> and the functions called in
this module.
<p><code>elementSpecifier</code> is the usual second-column value, which may be
an element name, an element-attribute pair or an
element-attribute-value triplet, separated by commas. <code>filename</code>
must be on one of the paths set in the <samp><span class="file">paths.c</span></samp> module. The file
may contain any configuration settings except those in the xml
section. These would be ineffective, since the document has already
been parsed.
<p><a name="index-configstring-97"></a><a name="configstring-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>configstring elementSpecifier setting1=value1;setting2=value2;...</code><dd>
<p>Note that the <code>setting=value</code> pairs are separated by semicolons.
Because the string may be longer than a screen line, you can use a
backslash ‘<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>’ followed immediately by a line ending ‘<samp><span class="samp">\n</span></samp>’, to
continue to another line. The string must not contain any blanks. Any
setting which can be specified in a file read with configfile can be
specified in <code>configstring</code>.
<p><a name="index-configtweak-98"></a><a name="configtweak-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>configtweak elementSpecifier settings</code><dd>
<p><code>configtweak</code> is identical to <code>configstring</code> except that it
is called in the transcription phase. It can be used for
things like changing translation tables. For example:
<pre class="example"> configtweak elementSpecifier literaryTextTable=fooTable;\
mathExprTable=barTable
</pre>
<p><code>configtweak</code> is not a generalization of <code>changetable</code>. The
latter changes the active table and applies to a subtree.
<code>configtweak</code> remains in effect until changed by another
<code>configtweak</code>.
<p><a name="index-contracted-99"></a><a name="contracted-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>contracted elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-footer-100"></a><a name="footer-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>footer elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action is used to specify a footer which will be placed at
the bottom of each page.
<pre class="example"> <elemntSpecifier>This is a footer</elementSpecifier>
</pre>
<p><a name="index-generic-101"></a><a name="generic-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>generic elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This is a general-purpose semantic action. If the third column is blank
it does absolutely nothing. If the third column contains a string or
subcolumns its contents are placed in the output according to the usual
rules. That is, the first subcolumn is placed before the first branch of
the subtree rooted at this node, the second is placed before the second
branch, etc. If the last (or only) subcolumn begins with <code>\*</code> it is
placed after the last branch, no matter how many branches there may be.
<p><a name="index-graphic-102"></a><a name="graphic-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>graphic elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>When a module which can handle SVG graphics is ready this semantic
action will invoke it.
<p><a name="index-htmllink-103"></a><a name="htmllink-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>htmllink elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action is used when the configuration file specifies
<code>formatFor browser</code>. It sets up a link which the browser can
follow.
<p><a name="index-htmltarget-104"></a><a name="htmltarget-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>htmltarget elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action establishes a target for a link in the same file
when <code>formatFor browser</code> is specified in the configuration file.
<p><a name="index-italicx-105"></a><a name="italicx-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>italicx elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Enclose the text which follows in braille italic indicators.
The ‘<samp><span class="samp">x</span></samp>’ at the end of the semantic action name is there to
prevent conflicts with names elsewhere in the software. Just where the
italic indicators will be placed is controlled by the liblouis
translation table in use.
<p><a name="index-linespacing-106"></a><a name="linespacing-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>linespacing elementSpecifier digit</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action specifies the numbr of blank lines to be left
between adjacent lines in the output. For example if the third column is
‘<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>’, lines will be double-spaced. ‘<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>’ specifies normal
spacing. The number cannot be greater than ‘<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>’. <code>linespacing</code>
remains in effect until another <code>linespacing</code> is encountered. It
should be assigned to an empty element.
<p><a name="index-maction-107"></a><a name="maction-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>maction elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>In the early stages of development I thought that a separate piece of
code might be needed for each of the MathML element tags. It turned out,
as noted elsewhere, that most of them could have been handled with the
<code>generic</code> semantic action. They are retained for backward
compatibi2ity. Therefore, unless this is not the case or additional
information is needed, they are simlly listed.
<p><a name="index-maligngroup-108"></a><a name="maligngroup-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>maligngroup elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-malignmark-109"></a><a name="malignmark-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>malignmark elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-math-110"></a><a name="math-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>math elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Every mathematical expression begins with the element
<code><elementSpecifier></code> <code>math</code> (which may have attributes and
values), and ends with <code></elementSpecifier></code> (<code>/math</code>). This
is therefore the root element of a mathematical expression. However,
mathematical expressions are usually part of a document, so it is not
given the semantic action document. liblouisutdml will, however, handle
files and strings which consist of nothing but a mathematical expression
properly. The <code>math</code> semantic action causes liblouisutdml to carry
out special interpretation actions.
<p><a name="index-menclose-111"></a><a name="menclose-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>menclose elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-merror-112"></a><a name="merror-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>merror elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mfenced-113"></a><a name="mfenced-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mfenced elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mfrac-114"></a><a name="mfrac-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mfrac elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mglyph-115"></a><a name="mglyph-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mglyph elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mi-116"></a><a name="mi-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mi elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mlabeledtr-117"></a><a name="mlabeledtr-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mlabeledtr elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mmultiscripts-118"></a><a name="mmultiscripts-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mmultiscripts elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mn-119"></a><a name="mn-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mn elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mo-120"></a><a name="mo-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mo elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mover-121"></a><a name="mover-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mover elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mpadded-122"></a><a name="mpadded-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mpadded elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mphantom-123"></a><a name="mphantom-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mphantom elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mprescripts-124"></a><a name="mprescripts-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mprescripts elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mroot-125"></a><a name="mroot-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mroot elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>The MathML element <code>mroot</code> is actually given the semantic action
<code>reverse</code>.
<p><a name="index-mrow-126"></a><a name="mrow-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mrow elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This can be important in implementing Math codes because it is often
used to create visual groups, which may be significant for braille.
<p><a name="index-ms-127"></a><a name="ms-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>ms elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mspace-128"></a><a name="mspace-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mspace elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This element and its attributes can be helpful for determining spacing.
<p><a name="index-msqrt-129"></a><a name="msqrt-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>msqrt elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mstyle-130"></a><a name="mstyle-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mstyle elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This MathML element should usually have the semantic action <code>skip</code>.
<p><a name="index-msub-131"></a><a name="msub-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>msub elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-msubsup-132"></a><a name="msubsup-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>msubsup elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-msup-133"></a><a name="msup-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>msup elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mtable-134"></a><a name="mtable-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mtable elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>The file <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> defines the style <code>matrix</code>. The
semantic-action files for math codes declare <code>mtable</code> to be
<code>matrix</code>. Depending on the attributes of this element, it can be
set to other styles, such as long division. The <code>matrix</code> style
contains the setting <code>format alignColumnsLeft</code>.
<p><a name="index-mtd-135"></a><a name="mtd-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mtd elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This element specifies a column in a mathematical table. For the style
<code>matrix</code> the third column of the entry in a semantic-action file
must contain <code>\*|ec</code>. This indicates the end of the column. Other
specifications using the liblouis <code>exactdots</code> feature may also be
necessary.
<p><a name="index-mtext-136"></a><a name="mtext-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mtext elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-mtr-137"></a><a name="mtr-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>mtr elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This element specifies a row in a mathematical table. The entry in a
semantic-action file must contain <code>\*\er</code> in the third column for
the <code>matrix</code> style, indicating the end of the row. Other things may
also need to be specified using the liblouis <code>exactdots</code> feature.
Note that rows are not declared as styles nested inside the
<code>matrix</code> style. This is because the table must be considered as a
whole.
<p><a name="index-munder-138"></a><a name="munder-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>munder elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-munderover-139"></a><a name="munderover-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>munderover elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p><a name="index-music-140"></a><a name="music-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>music elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>When a module which can interpret MusicML and produce braille music
notation is ready this semantic action will invoke it.
<p><a name="index-newpage-141"></a><a name="newpage-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>newpage elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action causes the rest of the current page to be left
blank except for page numbers and footers. A new page is then begun.
Like <code>blankline</code>, it is useful for fine formatting independent of
styles.
<p><a name="index-no-142"></a><a name="no-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>no elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Originally, this semantic action was intended to be the default and to
do nothing when an <code>elementSpecifier</code> had no meaning for braille
translation. Later it was found that it should insert a blank space if
parts of the text would run together, so this is now its action.
<p><a name="index-none-143"></a><a name="none-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>none elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This is a MathML element.
<p><a name="index-notranslate-144"></a><a name="notranslate-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>notranslate elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Output the text between the start and end tags exactly as written. It
will, however, be formatted with appropriate line breaks, page numbers
etc. If you want to make sure that things appear on the same line
separate them with an unbreakable space, ‘<samp><span class="samp">&#160;</span></samp>’ or
‘<samp><span class="samp">&#xa0;</span></samp>’.
<p><a name="index-pagenum-145"></a><a name="pagenum-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>pagenum elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>The text between <code><elementSpecifier></code> and <code></elementSpecifier></code>
is taken to be a print page number. If it does not begin with a digit
the string <code>\_</code> is placed before it. It is then passed to liblouis
for translation according to the active table. This table must contain
an entry for translating <code>\_</code> into a letter sign or whatever else
is wanted. This string is inserted so that roman page numbers will be
handled properly. Unnumbered page breaks are indicated with an empty
pagenum tag: <code><elementSpecifier></elementSpecifier></code>.
<p><a name="index-reverse-146"></a><a name="reverse-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>reverse elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>The branches of the subtree rooted at this node are reversed in order.
This is used in handling roots, where the arguments in the translation
are in reverse order to those in MathML. the MathML elemnt <code>mroot</code>
is declared with this semantic action
<p><a name="index-righthandpage-147"></a><a name="righthandpage-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>righthandpage elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>If <code>interpoint yes</code> has been specified in the configuration file,
and the current page is a right-hand one, the lest of the page is
skipped except for footer and page number. the following left-hand page
is similarly skipped. Otherwise, the action is the same as
<code>newpage</code>.
<p><a name="index-runninghead-148"></a><a name="runninghead-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>runninghead elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action is used to specify a running header, such as a book
title, to be placed at the top of each page. If the header is too long
it will be truncated.
<pre class="example"> <elementSpecifier>liblouisutdml Manual</elementSpecifier>
</pre>
<p><a name="index-semantics-149"></a><a name="semantics-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>semantics elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This is a MathML action which seems to be irrelevant to braille
translation.
<p><a name="index-skip-150"></a><a name="skip-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>skip elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>Skip ahead until encountering the element <code></elementSpecifier></code>.
Nothing
in between will have any effect on the braille output.
<p><a name="index-softreturn-151"></a><a name="softreturn-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>softreturn elementSpecifier</code><dd>
Do a soft return, that is, start a new line without starting a new
paragraph. <code>elementSpecifier</code> should be empty, for example,
<code><br/></code>.
<p><a name="index-uncontracted-152"></a><a name="uncontracted-semantic"></a><br><dt><code>uncontracted elementSpecifier</code><dd>
<p>This semantic action seems superfluous and may be eliminated in the
future.
</dl>
<p><a name="Pseudo-actions"></a>
<a name="Pseudo_002dactions"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.3 Pseudo-actions</h3>
<p>These actions affect the processing of semantic-action files. They are
not connected with any tag in the document. They are executed when they
are encountered in the processing of semantic-action files.
<h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 include</h4>
<pre class="example"> include filename
</pre>
<p>filename must be the name of a semantic action file. The file is
compiled as though it were part of the file containing the
<code>include</code> entry. Included files may include other files.
<h4 class="subsection">4.3.2 newentries</h4>
<pre class="example"> newentries no
</pre>
<p>The second column in this entry must contain ‘<samp><span class="samp">no</span></samp>’. Any new entries
found in the document will be ignored. No ‘<samp><span class="samp">appended_</span></samp>’ file will be
produced. This affects only documents processed with this
semantic-action file. The configuration setting <code>newEntries</code>
affects all documents.
<h4 class="subsection">4.3.3 namespaces</h4>
<pre class="example"> namespaces dtb=http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/dtbook/
</pre>
<p>This pseudo-action is used to declare namespaces used in XPath
expressions. (See following section). The format is ‘<samp><span class="samp">namespaces
prefix1=url1,prefix2=url2,...</span></samp>’. The list of namespaces may not contain
blanks.
<p><a name="Using-XPath-Expressions"></a>
<h3 class="section">4.4 Using XPath Expressions</h3>
<pre class="example"> para &xpath(h4)
</pre>
<p>This example causes any element with the name ‘<samp><span class="samp">h4</span></samp>’ to be given the
semantic action <code>para</code>, no matter what other assignments may be
made to it. In general, XPath expressions are entered in the second
column with the syntax <code>&xpath(...)</code>. That is, the XPath
expression is placed within parentheses following <code>&xpath</code>. It may
contain parentheses itself, as long as they match. The third column may
contain arguments, as with any line in a semantic-action file. XPath
expressions are not processed in any particular order. Care should be
taken that the node sets which they find do not overlap. If a node is in
a node set found by a particular XPath expression it will be given the
semantic-action and arguments associated with that expression. This will
not be changed subsequently.
<p>The ‘<samp><span class="samp">&funcname(...)</span></samp>’ notation may be used for other features, such
as XPointer, in the future.
<p><a name="Special-Features"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Special Features</h2>
<p><a name="Table-of-contents"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.1 Table of contents</h3>
<p>A table of contents is produced for an xml file if the file contains a
tag which has been defined with the <code>contentsheader</code> semantic action (see <a href="#contentsheader-semantic">contentsheader</a>) and
also tags for the <code>heading1</code>, <code>heading2</code>, <code>heading3</code> or
<code>heading4</code> semantic actions (see <a href="#heading1-semantic">heading1</a>). The table of contents will
contain print and braille page numbers if these features have been
enabled. A sequence of fill characters will be inserted before the
page numbers, so that the latter are at the right margin. The fill
character can be specified in a configuration file with the
<code>lineFill</code> setting (see <a href="#lineFill-setting">lineFill</a>). The default fill character is an apostrophe
(dot 3).
<p>Five new styles have been defined for the table of contents. The first
is the <code>contentsheader</code> style (see <a href="#contentsheader-style">contentsheader style</a>), which
is used to specify where the table of contents should be placed and the
title that should be given to it. In the latter respect it is much like
a heading style. The others correspond to the four heading levels and
are <code>contents1</code>, <code>contents2</code>, <code>contents3</code> and
<code>contents4</code>. These styles are chosen as appropriate while the table
of contents is being made. Do not declare them in a semantic-action
file. See the <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> file for the current default
definitions of all these styles.
<p>The table of contents will be placed where the xml tag is that you
declared in the <code>contentsheader</code> semantic action (see <a href="#contentsheader-semantic">contentsheader</a>). Its title will be whatever
is inside that tag, formatted according to the definition of the
<code>contentsheader</code> style. It begins on a new page. After it is
completed the braille page number is reset to
<code>beginningBraillePageNumber</code> and another new page is started. This
means that the xml tag with the <code>contentsheader</code> semantic action
should occur at the end of the information which you want to be at the
head of the output, such as a title page, dedication, etc.
<p>It is not necessary that an xml file contain a tag with the
<code>contentsheader</code> semantic action. If the file contains headers
you can obtain a table of contents by specifying <code>contents yes</code>
in a configuration file or <samp><span class="option">-Ccontents=yes</span></samp> on the command line
of <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>. In this case, the table of contents will appear
at the beginning of the output. Pages will be numbered beginning with
1. When the table of contents is complete, the material in the file
will start on a new page and the page number will be the value given
in <code>beginningBraillePageNumber</code>.
<p>The <code>contents1</code>, etc. styles all have the <code>format contents</code>
setting. This is a variant of the <code>leftJustified</code> format. It has
been necessary to change the way <code>firstLineIndent</code> is handled to
accommodate multilevel lists. Up till now, if <code>firstLineIndent</code>
was negative, the first line would start at the real left margin,
regardless of the value of <code>leftMargin</code>. Now the value of
<code>firstLineIndent</code> is simply added to <code>leftMargin</code>. This
means that if it is negative it is really subtracted. For example, if
<code>leftMargin</code> is 4 and <code>firstLineIndent</code> is -2 the first line
will start in cell 2. If the result of adding these two values is
negative it is set to 0.
<p><a name="Back-translation"></a>
<a name="Back_002dtranslation"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.2 Back-translation</h3>
<pre class="example"> file2brl -b infile outfile
</pre>
<p>infile must be a braille file. It can have either upper-case or
lower-case letters, etc. outfile will contain the back-translation
according to the configuration specifications. It can be in two
formats according to the value of <code>backFormat</code>. ‘<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>’
produces plain text output. The lines will generally correspond to the
lines in the original braille file. ‘<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>’ produces a file in
xhtml format. This is recommended, since it preserves print page
numbers, if present and some of the formatting of the original. It can
also be loaded into a browser or word processor, which will format it
for good readability. Note that for html format to work your liblouis
table must contain the following line:
<pre class="example"> space \x001b 1b escape character
</pre>
<p>To perform the back-translation operation, <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> uses the
liblouisutdml function <code>lbx_backTranslateFile</code>.
<p><a name="Reformatting"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.3 Reformatting</h3>
<pre class="example"> file2brl -r infile outfile
</pre>
<p>As in the previous section, infile must be a braille file. It is
back-translated and then forward-translated to produce a braille file in
outfile which conforms to configuration specifications. It is useful for
changing the line length and page length of a braille file. New braille
page numbers will be generated if <code>braillePages yes</code> is specified.
If <code>backFormat html</code> has been specified, print page numbers will be
reproduced in the appropriate places. Some formatting may be lost.
<p><a name="Interlining"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.4 Interlining</h3>
<p>Interlining means printing the original text between the lines of
translated braille. It requires special embossers or special methods.
The present way in which liblouisutdml produces interlining relies on
back-translation. However, it is inadequate for mathematics and depends
too much on the quality of the liblouis tables. It is scheduled to be
replaced, so you should not use it.
<p><a name="Browser-Friendly-Output"></a>
<a name="Browser_002dFriendly-Output"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.5 Browser-Friendly Output</h3>
<pre class="example"> file2brl infile outfile -CformatFor=browser
</pre>
<p>infile can be any of the file types accepted by <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp> (xml,
html or text). If it contains html links or targets they will be
formatted so that a browser can use them. This may be useful if a file
contains internal links to different sections, such as its own table of
contents. Text will be translated and formatted according to
configuration specifications. If the file contains mathematics expressed
as MathML it will be translated according to the mathematics code
specified by the configuration. outfile should have the extension
‘<samp><span class="samp">.html</span></samp>’. It will actually be xhtml. The <code>-CformatFor=browser</code>
part of the above example specifies a configuration setting, which of
course can also be specified in a configuration file.
<p><a name="CDATA-Sections"></a>
<h3 class="section">5.6 <code>CDATA</code> Sections</h3>
<p>A <code>cdata</code> section may be given the semantic actions <code>skip</code>,
<code>no</code> or <code>code</code>. In the first case, the data in the
<code>cdata</code> section is ignored. In the second case, it is inserted into
the output with no translation. In the third case it is translated into
computer braille and inserted into the output. Any other semantic action
has the same effect as <code>no</code>.
<p><a name="Special-Formats"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">6 Special Formats</h2>
<p><a name="Tables"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Tables</h3>
<p>Various methods of handling tables can be devised. One that is in
current use requires the following lines in a semantic-action file:
<pre class="example"> list tr \*;
generic td \*;\s
</pre>
<p>The <code>list</code> style specifies that the first line should begin at the
left
margin and subsequent lines should be indented two spaces. The third
column specifies that a semicolon should be placed at the very end of
the row. The <code>generic</code> semantic action causes each column in the
table to be followed by a semicolon and a space, as specified in the
third column. your liblouis table must also contain the following line:
<pre class="example"> noback always ;\s; 0
</pre>
<p><a name="Reserving-Space-for-Graphics"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Reserving Space for Graphics</h3>
<p>Your configuration files should contain lines like these:
<pre class="example"> style graphspace
rightHandPage yes
</pre>
<p>In your semantic-action file you must assign a tag to this style. Note
that the semantic action <code>graphic</code> will invoke code to translate
SVG graphics when this feature is developed. You can nest various styles
within the ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphspace</span></samp>’ style, such as a caption at the beginning.
In particular, you should have another invocation of ‘<samp><span class="samp">graphspace</span></samp>’
at the end to skip to a new page, or the next right-hand page if you are
using interpoint.
<p><a name="Displayed-Text"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.3 Displayed Text</h3>
<p>Conventions for setting off a block of text from the rest vary. you may
wish to use the <code>quotation</code> style or devise a style of your own.
<p><a name="Displayed-Mathematics"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.4 Displayed Mathematics</h3>
<p>Again, conventions vary. you can define your own style for this purpose
and invoke it according to the attributes of the <code>math</code> tag.
<p><a name="Spatial-Layouts-in-Mathematics"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.5 Spatial Layouts in Mathematics</h3>
<p>This is also known as 2d mathematics. It spreads out complex fractions
and other materials for easier viewing. It is being developed based on
the specifications of MathML 3.
<p><a name="Arithmetic-Examples"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.6 Arithmetic Examples</h3>
<p>This is another format that is being developed using MathML 3. It is
difficult in earlier versions.
<p><a name="Poetry"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.7 Poetry</h3>
<p><samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> defines two styles which can be used to format
poetry, as follows:
<pre class="example"> style stanza
linesBefore 1
linesAfter 1
ttyle line
leftMargin 2
firstLineIndent -2
</pre>
<p>Your document might then contain the following from Samuel Taylor
Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner":
<pre class="example"> <stanza>
<lino>He holds him with his glittering eye</line>
<line>The wedding guest stands still</line>
<line>And listens like a three-years' child.</line>
<line>He has no force nor will.</line>
</stanza>
</pre>
<p>Note that when stanzas follow each other liblouisutdml will produce only
one blank line between them, not two.
<p><a name="Dividing-a-Book-Into-Volumes"></a>
<h3 class="section">6.8 Dividing a Book Into Volumes</h3>
<p>Details are still under development. However, this much can be said.
First, obtain a table of contents for the whole book. This requires that
your configuration files have the following settings:
<pre class="example"> contents yes
braillePages yes
</pre>
<p>This will tell you the approximate braille pages on which things will be
placed in the finished product. You can then calculate the number of
pages required for each chapter and how many chapters will fit in a
volume of your preferred size. From the point of view of the braille
reader, it is desirable to avoid splitting chapters between volumes.
<p>At this point you will probably have to edit the source xml file to
indicate the beginning and end of volumes. You can define a liblouisutdml
style called ‘<samp><span class="samp">volume</span></samp>’ and assign appopriate xml tags to it in a
semantic-action file. Within the volume style you can nest a title page,
chapters, etc. A volume table of contents is still under development.
<p><a name="Implementing-Braille-Mathematics-Codes"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">7 Implementing Braille Mathematics Codes</h2>
<p>Much information useful in implementing braille mathematical codes is
given in the sections on styles and on semantic actions, especially in
the discussion of MathML semantic actions. The chapter on Special
Formats also contains much useful information.
<p>The Nemeth Code of Braille Mathematical and Science Notation, BAUK maths
and Marburg Maths have been implemented. the Nemeth code was the first
and uses an implementation which is now obsolete. The discussion below
will concentrate on the implementation of BAUK Maths.
<p>Four tables are used to translate xml documents containing a mixture of
text and mathematics. They can be found in the subdirectory
<samp><span class="file">lbx_files</span></samp> of the liblouisutdml directory and in the <samp><span class="file">tables</span></samp>
subdirectory of the liblouis distribution. First, the semantic-action
file <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.sem</span></samp> is used to interpret the mathematical portions
of the xml document (The text portions are interpreted by another
semantic-action file which will not be discussed here). After the math
and text have been interpreted, two liblouis tables, <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.ctb</span></samp>
and <samp><span class="file">en-us-g2.ctb</span></samp> are used to translate them. The latter table may
be replaced by another table at the user's discretion. Each piece of
mathematics or text is translated separately and the pieces are strung
together with blanks between them. This results in inaccuracies where
mathematics meets text. The fourth table, also a liblouis table, is used
to remove these inaccuracies. It is called <samp><span class="file">ukmaths_edit.ctb</span></samp>, and
it does things like removing the multi-purpose indicator before a blank,
inserting the punctuation indicator before a punctuation mark following
a math expression, and removing extra spaces. This table may need
editing if a different text translation table is used.
<p>The general format and use of semantic-action files were discussed in
the section see <a href="#Connecting-with-the-xml-Document">Connecting with the xml Document - Semantic-Action Files</a>. In this section we
shall concentrate on the optional third column, which is used a lot in
<samp><span class="file">ukmaths.sem</span></samp>. While the first two columns can be generated by
liblouisutdml but must be edited by a person, the third column must
always be provided by a human.
<p>As previously stated, the third column tells liblouisutdml what
characters to insert to inform liblouis how to translate the math
expression. In fact, you can tell liblouis exactly what dots to insert.
This relies on the liblouis opcode <code>exactdots</code>. If you look at the
file <samp><span class="file">example_ukmaths.ctb</span></samp> you will see lines like the following:
<pre class="example"> exactdots @126
exactdots @345
exactdots @123456
</pre>
<p>This opcode has only a string operand. liblouis assumes that the
characters following the at sign are its dot pattern.
<p>In your semantic-action file you might have lines like:
<pre class="example"> mfenced mfenced @126,@345
mfenced mfenced,open,{ @246,@135
mover mover ,@4-346,@12456
</pre>
<p>By using this approach you do not have to remember which characters will
produce the desired dots in a particular liblouis table or on a
particular output device.
<p>Sometimes an element or tag can have an indeterminate number of
children. This is true of <code><math></code> itself. Yet, it may be
necessary to place some characters after the very last element. Let us
look at the <code><math></code> entry.
<pre class="example"> math math \eb,\*\ee
</pre>
<p>First let us discuss escape sequences starting with a backslash. These
are basically the same as in liblouis. The sequence ‘<samp><span class="samp">\e</span></samp>’ is
shorthand for the escape character, which would otherwise be
represented by ‘<samp><span class="samp">\x001b</span></samp>’. The beginning of a math expression is
denoted by an escape character followed by the letter b and the end by
an escape character followed by the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>’. This enables the
editing table to do such things as drop the baseline indicator at the
end of a math expression and insert a number sign at the beginning, if
needed.
<p>Not found in liblouis is the sequence ‘<samp><span class="samp">\*</span></samp>’. This means to put
what follows after the very last child of the math element, no matter
how many there are.
<p>As another example consider:
<pre class="example"> mtd mtd \*\ec
</pre>
<p><code>mtd</code> is the MathML tag for a table column. There may be many
children of this tag. The entry says to put an escape character (hex
1b), plus the letter ‘<samp><span class="samp">c</span></samp>’, after the very last of them.
<p>As a final example consider:
<pre class="example"> mtr mtr ^.^\,^(,\*^.^\,^)\er
</pre>
<p><code>mtr</code> is the MathML tag for a row in a table, in this case a
matrix. Each row in a matrix must begin with the dot pattern
‘<samp><span class="samp">46-6-12356</span></samp>’ and end with the dot pattern ‘<samp><span class="samp">46-6-12456</span></samp>’. As
usual a caret is placed before the corresponding characters. Since dot
6 is a comma, it must be escaped. This is done by placing a backslash
before the comma. There are two subcolumns. the first contains the
characters to be placed at the beginning of each row. The second
starts with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\*</span></samp>’, signifying that the characters following it
are to be placed at the end of everything in this row. A subcolumn
starting with ‘<samp><span class="samp">\*</span></samp>’ must be the last (or only) subcolumn.
<p>Here this last subcolumn ends with an escape character and the letter
<r>, signifying the end of a row.
<p>So much for the semantic action file. Even though the characters in
the third column were chosen to correspond with nemeth characters,
they may not have to be changed for other math codes. liblouis can
replace them with anything needed.
<p>This brings us to a consideration of the two tables used by liblouis
to translate mathematics texts. The first, <samp><span class="file">en-mathtext.ctb</span></samp> is
used to translate text appearing outside math expressions. It is
necessary because the Nemeth code requires modifications of Grade 2
braille. Other math codes may not have this requirement.
<p>The table actually used to translate mathematics is <samp><span class="file">nemeth.ctb</span></samp>.
It includes two other tables, <samp><span class="file">chardfs.cti</span></samp> and
<samp><span class="file">nemethdefs.cti</span></samp>. The first gives ordinary character definitions
and is included by all the other tables. Note however, that the
unbreakable space, ‘<samp><span class="samp">\x00a0</span></samp>’, is translated by dot 9. This is used
before and after the equal sign and other symbols in
<samp><span class="file">nemeth.ctb</span></samp>. The second table contains character definitions for
special math symbols, most of which are Unicode characters greater
than ‘<samp><span class="samp">\x00ff</span></samp>’. The Greek letters are here. So are symbols like
the integral sign.
<p>Most of the entries in <samp><span class="file">nemeth.ctb</span></samp> should be familiar from other
tables. The unfamiliar ones follow the comments ‘<samp><span class="samp"># Semantic
pairs</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp"># pass2 corrections</span></samp>’. The first simply replace
characters preceded by a caret with the character itself. The second
make adjustments in the code generated directly from the
<samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp> file. The pass2 opcode is discussed in the liblouis
documentation (see <a href="liblouis.html#Top">Overview</a>). Here are some comments on a few of the entries in
<samp><span class="file">nemeth.ctb</span></samp>.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @1456-1456 @6-1456
</pre>
<p>Replaces double start-fraction indicators with the start complex
fraction indicator.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @3456-3456 @6-3456
</pre>
<p>Replaces double end-fraction indicators with the end-complex-fraction
indicator.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @56[$d1-5]@5 *
</pre>
<p>Removes the subscript and baseline indicators from numeric subscripts.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @5-9 @9
</pre>
<p>Removes the baseline or multipurpose indicator before an unbreakable
space generated by the translation of an equal sign, etc.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @45-3-5 @3
</pre>
<p>Replaces a superscript apostrophe with a simple prime symbol.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @9[]$d @3456
</pre>
<p>Puts a number sign before a digit preceded by a blank.
<pre class="example"> pass2 @9-0 @9
</pre>
<p>Removes a space following an unbreakable space.
<p>We now come to the fourth and last table used for math translation,
the editing table, <samp><span class="file">nemeth_edit.ctb</span></samp>. As explained at the
beginning, this table is used to remove inaccuracies where math
translation butts up against text translation. For example, the Nemeth
code puts numbers in the lower part of the cell. However, punctuation
marks are also in the lower part of the cell. So Nemeth puts a
punctuation indicator, dots ‘<samp><span class="samp">456</span></samp>’, in front of any lower-cell
punctuation that immediately follows a mathematical expression. If
this occurs inside Mathml it is handled by <samp><span class="file">nemeth.ctb</span></samp>. However,
a MathML expression is often followed by a punctuation mark which is
the first part of text. liblouisutdml puts a blank between math and
text, but this can result in a mathematical expression followed by a
blank and then, say, a period, dots ‘<samp><span class="samp">256</span></samp>’. <samp><span class="file">nemeth_edit.ctb</span></samp>
replaces the blank with the punctuation indicator.
<p>When you look at <samp><span class="file">nemeth_edit.ctb</span></samp> you will see that it begins with
an include of <samp><span class="file">chardefs.cti</span></samp>. Most of the entries are ordinary,
but some are interesting. for example,
<pre class="example"> always "\s 0
</pre>
<p>replaces the baseline or multipurpose indicator followed by a space
with just a space.
<p><a name="Programming-with-liblouisutdml"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">8 Programming with liblouisutdml</h2>
<p><a name="License"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.1 License</h3>
<p>Liblouisutdml may contain code borrowed from the Linux screenreader
BRLTTY, Copyright © 1999-2009
by the BRLTTY Team.
<p class="noindent">Copyright © 2004-2009 ViewPlus Technologies, Inc.
<a href="www.viewplus.com">www.viewplus.com</a>.
<p class="noindent">Copyright © 2006,2009 Abilitiessoft, Inc.
<a href="www.abilitiessoft.com">www.abilitiessoft.com</a>.
<p>Liblouisutdml is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
<p>Liblouisutdml is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with Liblouisutdml. If not, see
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
<p><a name="Overview"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.2 Overview</h3>
<p>liblouisutdml is an "extensible renderer", designed to translate a wide
variety of xml and text documents into braille, but with a special
emphasis on
technical material. The overall operation of liblouisutdml is controlled
by a configuration file. The way in which a particular type of xml
document is to be rendered is specified by a semantic-action file for
that document type. Braille translation is done by the liblouis
braille translation and back-translation library (see <a href="liblouis.html#Top">Overview</a>).
Its operation, in turn is controlled by translation table files. All
these files are plain text and can be created and edited in any text
editor. Configuration settings can also be specified on the command
line of the console-mode transcription program <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>.
<p>The general operation of liblouisutdml is as follows. It uses the libxml2
library to construct a parse tree of the xml document. After the parse
tree is constructed, a function called <code>examine_document</code> looks it
over and determines whether math translation tables, etc. are needed.
<code>examine_document</code> also constructs a prototype semantic-action
file, if one does not exist already. It may also construct another file
containing entries not found in an existing file. When it is finished,
another function, called <code>transcribe_document</code>, does the actual
braille transcription. It calls <code>transcribe_math</code> to handle MathML
subtrees, <code>transcribe_chemistry</code> for chemical formula subtrees,
<code>transcribe_graphic</code> for SVG graphics, etc. Entities are translated
to Unicode, if they are not already. Sequences of symbols indicate
superscripts, return to the baseline, subscripts, start and end of
fractions, etc. The Braille translator and back-translator library
liblouis is used to do the braille translation.
<p>The <code>transcribe_math</code> function works in conjunction with the
latest version of liblouis and a special math translation table to
transcribe most mathematical expressions into good braille mathematical
Code.
<p>The functions which are not ready for use at the moment, such as
<code>transcribe_chemistry</code>, are only skeletons. However, I hope that
<code>transcribe_graphics</code> can be expanded in the near future to use the
graphics capability of the Tiger tactile graphics embossers.
<p>The latest versions of liblouisutdml and liblouis can be downloaded from
<a href="www.abilitiessoft.com">www.abilitiessoft.com</a>. This site also contains links to a mailing
list and to project pages on googlecode.google.com. Note that
liblouisutdml will only work with the latest version of liblouis.
<p>liblouisutdml can be compiled to use either 16-bit or 32-bit Unicode
internally. This is inherited from liblouis, so liblouis must be
compiled first and then liblouisutdml. Wherever 16 bits are mentioned in
this document, read 32 if you have compiled the library for 32 bits.
<p><a name="Files-and-Paths"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.3 Files and Paths</h3>
<p>liblouisutdml uses three kinds of
files, configuration files, semantic-action files, and liblouis
translation tables. The first two are discussed elsewhere in this
documentation. liblouis translation tables are discussed in the
liblouis documentation (see <a href="liblouis.html#Top">Overview</a>) which is distributed with liblouis.
<p>Note that liblouisutdml also generates some files, all of which are placed
in the current directory. These files are new prototype semantic-action
files, additions to old semantic-action files, temporary files, and log
files. The first two can be used to extend the capability of liblouisutdml
to process xml documents. The latter two are useful for debugging.
<p>liblouisutdml determines the paths on which it will search for files at
run time, as part of its initialization. First, if the first file in a
configuration file list includes a path, liblouisutdml will search first
on this path. The path may be either absolune or relative. Only the
first filename in a configuration file list may have a path. Next, in
Windows liblouisutdml determines the path to itself. this is the second
path on which it will look for files. The liblouis <samp><span class="file">tables</span></samp>
directory and the liblouisutdml <samp><span class="file">lbx_files</span></samp> directory are relative to
this path. In Unix systems, including the Mac,, these directories are
absolute paths determined at compile time. liblouisutdml searches first
the <samp><span class="file">tables</span></samp> directory and then the <samp><span class="file">lbx_files</span></samp> directory.
Finally, it establishes the current directory as the final path to be
searched. If you wish the current directory to be the first path
searched, prefix the first configuration file name with ‘<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>’ for
Unix or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.\</span></samp>’ for Windows.
<p>Paths are handled in the <code>paths.c</code> module. This contains the
function <code>set_paths</code>, which is called from <code>readconfig.c</code> and
in turn calls <code>addPath</code> in the <code>paths.c</code> module.
<p><a name="lbx_version"></a>
<a name="lbx_005fversion"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.4 lbx_version</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005fversion-153"></a>
<pre class="example"> char *lbx_version (void)
</pre>
<p>This function returns a pointer to a character string containing the
version of liblouisutdml. Other information such as the release
date and perhaps notable changes may be added later.
<p><a name="lbx_initialize"></a>
<a name="lbx_005finitialize"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.5 lbx_initialize</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005finitialize-154"></a>
<pre class="example"> void * lbx_initialize (
const char *configFilelist,
const char *logFileName,
const char *settingsString)
</pre>
<p>This function initializes the libxml2 library, processes
<samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> and configuration settings given in
the configuration files given in <code>configFilelist</code>. This is a list
of configuration file names separated by commas. If the first character
is a comma it is taken to be a string containing configuration settings
and is processed like the <code>settingsString</code> string. if the parameter
<code>settingsString</code> is not <code>NULL</code> it is processed last. Such a
string must conform to the format of a configuration file. Newlines
should be represented with ASCII 10. If <code>logfilename</code> is not
<code>null</code>, a log file is produced on the current directory. If it is
<code>null</code> any messages are printed on stderr. The function returns a
pointer to the <code>UserData</code> structure. This pointer is <code>void</code>
and must be cast to <code>(UserData *)</code> in the calling program. To
access the information in this structure you must include
<samp><span class="file">louisutdml.h</span></samp>. This function is used by <samp><span class="command">file2brl</span></samp>.
<p><a name="lbx_translateString"></a>
<a name="lbx_005ftranslateString"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.6 lbx_translateString</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005ftranslateString-155"></a>
<pre class="example"> int lbx_translateString (
const char *configfilelist,
char * inbuf,
widechar *outbuf,
int *outlen,
unsigned int mode)
</pre>
<p>This function takes a well-formed xml expression in <code>inbuf</code> and
translates it into a string of 16-bit (or 32-bit if this has been
specified in liblouis) braille characters in <code>outbuf</code>. The xml
expression must be immediately followed by a zero or null byte.
Leading whitespace is ignored. If it does not then begin with the
characters ‘<samp><span class="samp"><?xml</span></samp>’ an xml header is added. If it does not begin
with ‘<samp><span class="samp"><</span></samp>’ it is assumed to be a text string and is translated
accordingly. The header is specified by the <code>xmlHeader</code> line in
the configuration file. If no such line is present, a default header
specifying UTF-8 encoding is used. The <code>mode</code> parameter specifies
whether you want the library to be initialized. If it is 0 everything
is reset, the <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp> file is processed and the
configuration file and/or string (see previous section) are processed.
If <code>mode</code> is 1 liblouisutdml simply prepares to handle a new
document. For more on the <code>mode</code> parameter see the next section.
<p>Which 16-bit character in <code>outbuf</code> represents which dot pattern
is indicated in the liblouis translation tables. The
<code>configfilelist</code> parameter points to a configuration file or
string. Among other things, this file specifies translation tables. It
is these tables which control just how the translation is made,
whether in Grade 2, Grade 1, the Nemeth Code of Braille Mathematics or
something else.
<p>Note that the <code>*outlen</code> parameter is a pointer to an integer.
When the function is called, this integer contains the maximum output
length. When it returns, it is set to the actual length used. The
function returns 1 if no errors were encountered and a negative number
if a complete translation could not be done.
<p><a name="lbx_translateFile"></a>
<a name="lbx_005ftranslateFile"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.7 lbx_translateFile</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005ftranslateFile-156"></a>
<pre class="example"> int lbx_translateFile (
char *configfilelist,
char *inputFileName,
char *outputFileName,
unsigned int mode)
</pre>
<p>This function accepts a well-formed xml document in
<code>inputFilename</code> and produces a braille translation in
<code>outputFilename</code>. As for <code>lbx_translateString</code>, the
<code>mode</code> parameter specifies whether the library is to be
initialized with new configuration information or simply prepared to
handle a new document. In addition, the <code>mode</code> parameter can
specify that a document is in html, not xhtml. <samp><span class="file">liblouisutdml.h</span></samp>
contains an enumeration type with the values <code>dontInit</code> and
<code>htmlDoc</code>. These can be combined with an or (‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’) operator. The
input file is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8, unless otherwise
specified in the xml header. The encoding of the output file may be
UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 or Ascii-8. This is specified by the
<code>outputEncoding</code> line in the configuration file,
<code>configfilelist</code>. The function returns 1 if the translation was
successful.
<p><a name="lbx_translateTextFile"></a>
<a name="lbx_005ftranslateTextFile"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.8 lbx_translateTextFile</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005ftranslateTextFile-157"></a>
<pre class="example"> int lbx_translateTextFile (
char *configfilelist,
char *inputFileName,
char *outputFileName,
unsigned int mode)
</pre>
<p>This function accepts a text file in <code>inputFilename</code> and produces
a braille translation in <code>outputFilename</code>. The input file is
assumed to be encoded in Ascii8. However, utf-8 can be specified with
the configuration setting <code>inputTextEncoding utf8</code>. Blank lines
indicate the divisions between paragraphs. Two blank lines cause a
blank line between paragraphs (or headers). The output file may be in
UTF-8, UTF-16, or Ascii8, as specified by the <code>outputEncoding</code>
line in the configuration file, <code>configfilelist</code>. As for
<code>lbx_translateString</code>, the <code>mode</code> parameter specifies
whether complete initialization is to be done or simply initialization
for a new document.
<p><a name="lbx_backTranslateFile"></a>
<a name="lbx_005fbackTranslateFile"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.9 lbx_backTranslateFile</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005fbackTranslateFile-158"></a>
<pre class="example"> int lbx_backTranslateFile (
char *configfilelist,
char *inputFileName,
char *outputFileName,
unsigned int mode)
</pre>
<p>This function accepts a braille file in <code>inputFilename</code> and
produces a back-translation in <code>outputFilename</code>. The input file
is assumed to be encoded in Ascii8. The output file is in either plain
text or html, according to the setting of <code>backFormat</code> in the
configuration file. Html files are encoded in UTF8. In plain-text,
blank lines are inserted between paragraphs. The output file may be in
UTF-8, UTF-16, or Ascii8, as specified by the <code>outputEncoding</code>
line in the configuration file, <code>configfilelist</code>. The mode
parameter specifies whether or not the library is to be initialized
with new configuration information, as described in the section on
<code>lbx_translateString</code> (see <a href="#lbx_005ftranslateString">lbx_translateString</a>).
<p><a name="lbx_free"></a>
<a name="lbx_005ffree"></a>
<h3 class="section">8.10 lbx_free</h3>
<p><a name="index-lbx_005ffree-159"></a>
<pre class="example"> void lbx_free (void)
</pre>
<p>This function should be called at the end of the application to free
all memory allocated by liblouisutdml and liblouis. If you wish to
change configuration files during your application, use a <code>mode</code>
parameter of 0 on the function call using the new configuration
information. This will call the <code>lbx_free</code> function automatically.
<p><a name="Example-files"></a>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Example files</h2>
<p>This appendix contains all the files referenced in this document. They
are up-to-date at the time of writing, but the actual files used by the
software may change. Besides being used for reference, they can be
studied to see how things are done.
<p><a name="canonical.cfg"></a>
<a name="canonical_002ecfg"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.1 <samp><span class="file">canonical.cfg</span></samp></h3>
<pre class="example"> # canonical Configuration File
# This file contains all possible settings, together with their
# default values.
# It is read automatically when liblouisutdml starts. You should use it as
# a reference but never specify it as a configuration file.
# There are three kinds of lines in the file. the first has a single
# column beginning at the left margin. This column contains the name of
# a category of settings, such as outputFormat or translation. These
# lines are optional. The
# second type of line contains the word style in the first column,
# followed by at least one space or tab, and then a style name. The
# third kind of line is indented one tab stop to set it off from the
# others. It centains a setting name, at least one blank space or tab,
# and the value of the setting.
outputFormat
cellsPerLine 40
linesPerPage 25
interpoint no
lineEnd \r\n
pageEnd \f
fileEnd ^z
printPages yes
braillePages yes
paragraphs yes
beginningPageNumber 1
printPageNumberAt top
braillePageNumberAt bottom
hyphenate no
outputEncoding ascii8
inputTextEncoding ascii8
backFormat plain
backLineLength 70
formatFor textDevice
interline no
lineFill '
translation
literarytextTable en-us-g2.ctb
uncontractedTable en-us-g1.ctb
compbrlTable en-us-compbrl.ctb
mathtextTable en-us-g2.ctb
mathexprTable nemeth.ctb
editTable nemeth_edit.ctb
interlineBackTable en-us-interline.ctb
xml
semanticFiles *,nemeth.sem
xmlheader "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF8' standalone='yes'?>"
# entity nbsp ^1
internetAccess yes
newEntries yes
# Unlike the other categories, the style category must be followed by
# the name of a style.
style document
linesBefore 0
linesAfter 0
leftMargin 0
firstLineIndent 0
translate contracted
skipNumberLines no
format leftJustified
newPageBefore no
newPageAfter no
righthandPage no
braillePageNumberFormat normal
style arith
style attribution
format rightJustified
style biblio
style caption
leftMargin 4
firstLineIndent 2
style code
linesBefore 1
linesAfter 1
skipNumberLines yes
format computerCoded
style contentsheader
linesBefore 1
format centered
linesAfter 1
style contents1
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 2
format contents
style contents2
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 4
format contents
style contents3
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 6
format contents
style contents4
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 8
format contents
style dedication
newPageBefore yes
newPageAfter yes
format centered
style directions
style dispmath
leftMargin 2
style disptext
leftMargin 2
firstLineIndent 2
style exercise1
leftMargin 2
firstLineIndent -2
style exercise2
leftMargin 4
firstLineIndent -2
style exercise3
leftMargin 6
firstLineIndent -2
style glossary
firstLineIndent 2
style graph
skipNumberLines yes
style graphlabel
style heading1
linesBefore 1
format centered
linesAfter 1
style heading2
linesBefore 1
firstLineIndent 4
style heading3
firstLineIndent 4
style heading4
firstLineIndent 4
style index
style line
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 2
style list
firstLineIndent -2
leftMargin 2
style matrix
format alignColumnsLeft
style music
skipNumberLines yes
style note
style para
firstLineIndent 2
style quotation
linesBefore 1
linesAfter 1
style section
firstLineIndent 4
style spatial
style stanza
linesBefore 1
linesAfter 1
style style1
style style2
style style3
style style4
style style5
style subsection
firstLineIndent 4
style table
linesBefore 1
linesAfter 1
style titlepage
newPageAfter yes
style trnote
firstLineIndent 7
leftMargin 5
style volume
</pre>
<p><a name="default.cfg"></a>
<a name="default_002ecfg"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.2 <samp><span class="file">default.cfg</span></samp></h3>
<pre class="example"> outputFormat
cellsPerLine 32
linesPerPage 25
interpoint no
braillePages no
# backFormat html
# hyphenate yes
# interline yes
translation
literaryTextTable en-us-g2.ctb,corrections.ctb
# literaryTextTable en-us-g2.ctb,hyph_en_US.dic
# literaryTextTable no-no-g1.ctb
# interlineBackTable en-us-interline.ctb
compbrlTable en-us-comp8.ctb
xml
internetAccess no
# newEntries no
# semanticFiles book.sem
# entity nbsp ~1
</pre>
<p><a name="html.sem"></a>
<a name="html_002esem"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.3 <samp><span class="file">html.sem</span></samp></h3>
<pre class="example"> # This file was produced by liblouisutdml and is considered part of
# the code. See the file copyright-notice for permissions and
# restrictions. This notice also applies to any files with names
# beginning with 'appended_'.
# You must edit this file as explained in the documentation to get
# proper output.
notranslate ntr
trnote trnote
contentsheader contentshere
no hr
no body
softreturn br
heading1 h1
italicx em
skip style
italicx strong
no ol
no head
document html
no a
para p
heading1 title
list li
table table
no param
pagenum pagenum
no div
no span
no link
heading2 h2
no img
no td
no tr
no object
no ul
no link,type
no img,width
no table,cellpadding
no img,src
no div,class
no td,class
no p,class
no table,border
no table,width
htmllink link,href
no param,name
no param,value
no link,rel
no a,id
no table,cellspacing
no td,colspan
no img,height
no object,classid
no object,width
changetable span,lang
no span,class
no object,height
no a,class
no img,alt
htmllink a,href
htmltarget a,name
no p,align
no a,name,light
no a,name,decisi
no a,name,city
no a,name,ascent
no a,name,homeco
no a,name,forest
no a,name,prolog
no p,align,center
no a,name,homest
no link,type,text/css
no a,id,TrigonometricFun
no img,width,300
no img,height,300
no a,href,http://ocw.mit.e
no td,colspan,3
no table,border,0
no table,cellpadding,0
no td,class,navbar
no param,name,archive
no a,href,../tools/content
no object,height,450
no span,class,math-inline-bold
no link,href,../calculus.css
no param,name,codebase
no span,class,math-inline-norm
no img,alt,figure
no p,class,text-right
no a,href,contents.xhtml
no img,src,images/trigo_fun
no object,classid,java:Trigonometr
no p,class,text-center
no a,class,doclink
no table,cellspacing,0
no a,href,../glossary_nota
no div,class,math-block-norma
no link,href,../mathml.css
no param,value,trigonometricFun
no a,href,../index.xhtml
no link,rel,stylesheet
no param,value,../applets/
no object,width,760
no table,width,100%
no img,width,184
no div,class,math-block-bold
no img,height,116
no img,src,images/law_sines
no img,src,images/ln.gif
no param,value,rotatingCoordina
no object,classid,java:RotatingCoo
no a,id,RotatingCoordina
no a,id,Exercise_3_2
no a,id,Exercise_3_5
no object,classid,java:OperationsO
no a,id,Definition
no param,value,operationsOnVect
no param,value,multiplicationVe
no img,src,images/polar_coo
no param,value,determinantVecto
no html,lang
no html,lang,no
no i
no sup
no style,type
no style,type,text/css
no p,class,indent
no p,class,center
no p,class,right
no span,class,math-inline-normal
no object,classid,java:OperationsOnVectors.class
no a,href,http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mathematics/18-013ASprin
code pre
no meta
no h1,align
no meta,content
no meta,name
no meta,name,description
no h1,align,center
no meta,name,keywords
no meta,content,Pope_John_Paul_II's_Apostolic__Letter_'Salvifici_D
no meta,content,suffering__Christian_suffering__redemptive_sufferi
no font
no b
no small
no h3
no sub
no font,size
no td,align
no mstyle,fontfamily
no td,width
no mi,fontstyle
no ol,type
no mstyle,fontfamily,helvetica
no mi,fontstyle,italic
no td,align,center
no meta,content,TtM_3.72
no td,width,1
no meta,name,GENERATOR
no ol,type,1
no div,class,p
no font,size,-1
no mi,fontstyle,normal
no span,lang,en-us-g1.ctb
no none
no col
no caption
no thead
no cite
no tbody
no mprescripts
no math,id
no mo,minsize
no math,smilref
no h1,class
no p,id
no caption,title
no table,id
no object,data
no thead,id
no div,title
no col,id
no tbody,id
no div,id
no caption,id
no math,alttext
no meta,scheme
no object,id
no p,title
no td,rowspan
no cite,id
no math,altimg
no mspace,linebreak
no table,title
no td,id
no tr,id
no math,overflow
no div,id,d4e64
no math,id,d1e21
no p,title,paragraph:_We_have_performed...
no div,id,d4e54
no div,id,d4e59
no meta,content,Text
no mi,mathvariant,bold-italic
no div,id,d4e49
no math,overflow,scroll
no div,id,front
no p,id,d4e72
no math,alttext,__lamda_sub_c
no meta,scheme,EID
no p,id,d4e62
no p,id,d4e67
no p,id,d4e52
no object,id,f1
no object,id,f2
no p,id,d4e57
no object,id,f3
no tbody,id,d13e73
no tr,id,d13e74
no math,smilref,dtb_e057003.smil#d1e21
no td,colspan,1
no tr,id,d13e67
no td,colspan,2
no p,title,paragraph:_We_report_measure...
no caption,id,d13e2
no math,id,d1e770
no meta,scheme,PACS_code
no p,title,paragraph:_Angle_resolved_ph...
no object,data,e057003_2.svg
no math,smilref,dtb_e057003.smil#d1e770
no p,title,paragraph:_The_transition_me...
no col,id,d13e60
no col,id,d13e61
no col,id,d13e62
no col,id,d13e63
no col,id,d13e64
no caption,title,caption
no div,title,Author_Information
no link,href,default.css
no math,alttext,__cap_nb_cap_se_sub_2
no math,id,d1e113
no math,alttext,__lamda_sub_ay
no mspace,linebreak,goodbreak
no math,id,d1e121
no meta,name,dc:Type
no math,id,d1e129
no span,class,sentence
no div,title,frontmatter
no cite,id,d4e2807
no div,class,doctitle
no math,smilref,dtb_e057003.smil#d1e113
no td,rowspan,1
no p,title,paragraph:_We_thank_I._Mazin...
no math,smilref,dtb_e057003.smil#d1e121
no math,smilref,dtb_e057003.smil#d1e129
no math,altimg,math_img/math_2.png
no cite,id,d4e2838
no div,class,frontmatter
no thead,id,d13e66
no table,title,Table:_Variation_of_the_...
no cite,id,d4e2816
no cite,id,d4e2829
no math,alttext,_2__cap_h_-__cap_nb_cap_se_sub_2
no td,id,d13e88
no td,id,d13e71
no td,id,d13e75
no param,name,SRC
no td,id,d13e68
no td,id,d13e69
no object,classid,CLSID:8483EB52-5EF2-44F5-A685-C9FD08F9B18C
no html,lang,en
no object,data,e057003_3.svg
no tr,id,d13e193
no tr,id,d13e167
no tr,id,d13e180
no table,id,d13e1
no math,altimg,math_img/math_1.png
no meta,content,ANSI/NISO_Z39.86-2005
no meta,scheme,http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML
no math,altimg,math_img/math_4.png
no h1,class,title
no math,altimg,math_img/math_10.png
no math,altimg,math_img/math_3.png
no cite,id,d4e2794
no meta,scheme,DOI
no mo,minsize,5ex
no object,data,e057003_1.svg
no meta,name,dc:Format
no a,class,nava
no a,onclick
no a,onclick,ChSize('10')
no a,onclick,ChSize('12')
no a,onclick,ChSize('13')
no a,onclick,ChSize('14')
no a,shape
no a,shape,rect
no a,target
no a,target,_blank
quotation blockquote
no br,class
no br,class,newline
no center
no h3,class
no h3,class,sectionHead
heading4 h4
no h4,class
no h4,class,subsectionHead
no img,alt,Variable_Star.jpg
no img,src,Variable%20Star.jpg
no link,href,http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/
no link,href,root.css
no link,rel,schema.DC
no meta,http-equiv
no meta,http-equiv,Content-Language
no meta,http-equiv,Content-Type
no mo,class
no mo,class,MathClass-close
no mo,class,MathClass-punc
no mo,class,MathClass-rel
no mspace,class
no mspace,class,quad
no mspace,width,1em
no mstyle,class
no mstyle,class,label
no mstyle,id
no mstyle,id,x1-2001r1
no mstyle,id,x1-2002r2
no script
no script,type
no script,type,text/javascript
no span,class,titlemark
no table,class
no table,class,equation
no td,class,eq-no
titlepage titlepage
dedication dedication
attribution attribution
no list
italicx emp
no attrib
no meta,name,generator
no mo,class,MathClass-op
no mo,class,MathClass-open
no mo,class,MathClass-bin
boxline boxline 7
no base
no var
para dd
no dl
para dt
heading4 h5
compbrl code
no base,href
no hr,title
no tr,valign
no pre,style
no img,width,72
no pre,style,color:_red
no tr,valign,baseline
no base,href,http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116
no img,height,48
no table,class,scrap
no hr,title,Separator_for_header
no img,alt,W3C
no hr,title,Separator_from_footer
no samp
no th
no dd,id
no h2,id
no table,summary
no li,id
no ol,id
no dl,id
no ul,class
no ul,id
no dt,id
no samp,id
no h1,id
no h3,id
no ul,class,pl
no dl,id,dl_1
no ul,id,ul_1
no dl,id,dl_2
no ul,id,ul_2
no ul,id,ul_3
no ul,id,ul_4
no dl,id,dl_5
no dl,id,dl_6
no h3,id,h3_18
no h2,id,h2_5a
no h1,id,h1_2a
no h3,id,Vote
no dl,id,dl_5a
no samp,id,smp_1
no samp,id,smp_2
no li,id,li_0
no samp,id,smp_3
no li,id,li_1
no samp,id,smp_4
no li,id,li_2
no samp,id,smp_5
no li,id,li_3
no li,id,li_4
no dd,id,dd_1
no dt,id,dt_1
no dd,id,dd_2
no dt,id,dt_2
no dd,id,dd_3
no dt,id,dt_3
no dd,id,dd_4
no dt,id,dt_4
no dd,id,dd_5
no dt,id,dt_5
no h3,id,h3_8
no h3,id,BoD
no h3,id,h2_5
no ol,id,ol_3gwk
no h1,id,h1_2
no h1,id,h1_3
no h1,id,h1_4
no h2,id,h2_6
no h2,id,h2_7
no h2,id,h2_8
no h2,id,h2_9
no ol,id,ol_2
no h1,id,h1_a
no ol,id,ol_3
no ol,id,ol_4
no table,summary,This_table_lists_each_kind_of_DTB_file__the_requir
no ul,id,ol_1
no base
no var
para dd
para dl
no dt
no h5
code code
no base,href
no hr,title
no tr,valign
no pre,style
no img,width,72
no pre,style,color:_red
no tr,valign,baseline
no base,href,http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116
no img,height,48
no table,class,scrap
no hr,title,Separator_for_header
no img,alt,W3C
no hr,title,Separator_from_footer
no samp
no th
no dd,id
no h2,id
no table,summary
no li,id
no ol,id
no dl,id
no ul,class
no ul,id
no dt,id
no samp,id
no h1,id
no h3,id
no ul,class,pl
no dl,id,dl_1
no ul,id,ul_1
no dl,id,dl_2
no ul,id,ul_2
no ul,id,ul_3
no ul,id,ul_4
no dl,id,dl_5
no dl,id,dl_6
no h3,id,h3_18
no h2,id,h2_5a
no h1,id,h1_2a
no h3,id,Vote
no dl,id,dl_5a
no samp,id,smp_1
no samp,id,smp_2
no li,id,li_0
no samp,id,smp_3
no li,id,li_1
no samp,id,smp_4
no li,id,li_2
no samp,id,smp_5
no li,id,li_3
no li,id,li_4
no dd,id,dd_1
no dt,id,dt_1
no dd,id,dd_2
no dt,id,dt_2
no dd,id,dd_3
no dt,id,dt_3
no dd,id,dd_4
no dt,id,dt_4
no dd,id,dd_5
no dt,id,dt_5
no h3,id,h3_8
no h3,id,BoD
no h3,id,h2_5
no ol,id,ol_3gwk
no h1,id,h1_2
no h1,id,h1_3
no h1,id,h1_4
no h2,id,h2_6
no h2,id,h2_7
no h2,id,h2_8
no h2,id,h2_9
no base,href,http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/Z3986-2005.html
no ol,id,ol_2
no h1,id,h1_a
no ol,id,ol_3
no ol,id,ol_4
no table,summary,This_table_lists_each_kind_of_DTB_file__the_requir
no ul,id,ol_1
no form
no input
no select
no label
no noscript
no option
no textarea
no td,valign
no input,border
no textarea,class
no select,class
no img,name
no input,type
no script,language
no select,size
no label,for
no textarea,name
no link,media
no input,name
no textarea,wrap
no td,height
no script,src
no input,width
no input,id
no form,id
no img,border
no b,class
no option,selected
no li,class
no form,method
no img,align
no table,align
no input,maxlength
no img,class
no input,value
no select,id
no form,name
no textarea,rows
no tr,align
no input,class
no input,src
no textarea,id
no select,name
no pre,class
no span,id
no input,alt
no img,vspace
no textarea,cols
no input,height
no form,action
no tr,class
no option,value
no img,vspace,3
no img,border,0
no input,height,21
no input,width,120
no select,size,1
no input,src,//www.ibm.com/i/v14/buttons/submit.gif
no td,height,18
no input,maxlength,100
no option,value,dW
no pre,class,displaycode
no textarea,cols,35
no form,method,get
no tr,align,right
no table,align,right
no input,id,q
no img,class,display-img
no textarea,rows,5
no form,name,form1
no b,class,related
no input,name,searchType
no input,border,0
no td,valign,middle
no textarea,class,iform
no select,id,sn
no textarea,id,Comments
no link,media,screen_print
no select,name,searchScope
no textarea,name,Comments
no form,action,//www.ibm.com/developerworks/search/searchResults.
no img,align,left
no input,class,ibm-btn-search
no script,src,/developerworks/js/dwcss14.js
no span,id,ibm-search-scope
no label,for,sn
no script,language,JavaScript
no input,alt,Submit
no img,name,Benoit_Marchal
no tr,class,left-nav-child-highlight
no input,type,hidden
no textarea,wrap,virtual
no li,class,ibm-first
no option,selected,selected
no select,class,input-local
no input,value,1
no form,id,ibm-search-form
no body,link
no h3,align
no body,vlink
no body,alink
no body,bgcolor
no body,text
no h2,align
no font,face
no body,text,black
no body,bgcolor,white
no body,alink,navy
no body,link,red
no h2,align,center
no h3,align,center
no body,vlink,red
no font,face,Arial_Helvetica_sans-serif
no link,rel,SHORTCUT_ICON
no acronym
code cdata-section
no dfn
no kbd
no ul,compact
no a,accesskey
no ol,start
no small,class
no link,title
no a,rel
no h2,class
no div,align
no ol,start,1
no small,class,dots
no h2,class,unnumbered
no a,rel,next
no div,align,right
no link,title,Top
no ul,compact,
no a,accesskey,n
no h3,class,likesectionHead
no h4,class,likesubsectionHead
no a,class,url
no colgroup
no colgroup,id
no table,rules
no tr,style
no td,style
no li,class
no ol,class
no tr,class
no li,class,enumerate
no ol,class,enumerate1
no tr,style,vertical-align:baseline;
no td,style,text-align:center;_white-space:nowrap;
no colgroup,id,TBL-1-4g
no colgroup,id,TBL-1-5g
no table,rules,groups
no colgroup,id,TBL-1-2g
no colgroup,id,TBL-1-3g
no td,style,text-align:left;_white-space:nowrap;
no colgroup,id,TBL-1-1g
no tr,class,hline
no table,class,tabular
no td,class,td11
no h2,class
no h2,class,likechapterHead
no colgroup,id
no tr,style
no td,style
no tr,class
no h3,class,likesectionHead
no colgroup,id,TBL-4621-1g
no tr,style,vertical-align:baseline;
no td,style,text-align:center;_white-space:nowrap;
no table,rules,groups
no colgroup,id,TBL-4621-2g
no td,style,text-align:left;_white-space:nowrap;
no h4,class,likesubsectionHead
no tr,class,hline
no table,class,tabular
no td,class,td11
</pre>
<p><a name="nemeth.sem"></a>
<a name="nemeth_002esem"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.4 <samp><span class="file">nemeth.sem</span></samp></h3>
<pre class="example"> # Licnsed under LGPL
# Updated 6-18-08 by Mike Sivill <mike.sivill@viewplus.com>
# You must edit this file as explained in the documentation to get
# proper output.
maction maction
maligngroup maligngroup
malignmark malignmark
math math \eb,\*\ee
menclose menclose
mfrac mfrac ^?,/,^#
mfenced mfenced ^(,^)
mfenced mfenced,open,{ ^{,^}
mglyph mglyph
mi mi
mlabeledtr mlabeledtr
mmultiscripts mmultiscripts
mn mn
mo mo
mover mover ^",^<,^}
mpadded mpadded
reverse mroot ^<,^>,^}
mrow mrow
ms ms
mspace mspace
msqrt msqrt ^>,^}
mstyle mstyle
msub msub ,^;,^"
msubsup msupsup ,^~,^~^~,^"
msubsup msubsup ,^;,^~,^"
msup msup ,^~,^"
matrix mtable
mtd mtd \*\ec
mtext mtext
mtr mtr ^`^\,^(,\*^`^\,^)\er
munder munder ^",^%,^}
munderover munderover ^",^%,^<,^}
semantics semantics
skip annotation
no annotation,encoding
no maction,actiontype
no maction,actiontype,highli
no maction,actiontype,status
no maction,actiontype,toggle
no maction,dsi:background
no malignmark,edge
no malignmark,edge,right
no math,display
no math,display,block
no math,mode
no math,mode,inline
no math,xmlns
no mfenced,open
no mfenced,separators
no mn,color
no mn,color,green
no mo,stretchy
no mo,stretchy,false
no mo,stretchy,true
no mover,accent
no mover,accent,true
no ms,lquote
no ms,rquote
no ms,rquote,'
no mspace,height
no mspace,width
no mstyle,background
no mstyle,background,lightb
no mstyle,background,red
no mstyle,color
no mstyle,color,blue
no mstyle,displaystyle
no mstyle,displaystyle,true
no mstyle,fontsize
no mstyle,fontstyle
no mstyle,fontstyle,italic
no mstyle,fontstyle,normal
no mstyle,fontweight
no mstyle,fontweight,bold
no mstyle,mathsize
no mstyle,mathsize,normal
no mstyle,mathvariant
no mstyle,mathvariant,bold
no mstyle,scriptlevel
no mtable,columnalign
no mtable,columnalign,left
no mtable,equalcolumns
no mtable,equalcolumns,false
no mtable,equalrows
no mtable,equalrows,false
no mtable,frame
no mtable,frame,solid
no mtable,width
no munderover,accent
no munderover,accent,true
skip annotation,encoding,MathType-MTEF
skip merror
skip mphantom
no mo,maxsize
no mo,maxsize,3
no mo,mathsize
no mi,mathvariant
no mo,mathvariant
no munder,accentunder
no mn,mathvariant
no mtext,mathvariant
no mi,mathvariant,italic
no mn,mathvariant,normal
no mo,mathvariant,normal
no munder,accentunder,true
no mtext,mathvariant,normal
no math,display,inline
no mi,mathvariant,normal
no mi,mathvariant,fraktur
no mi,mathvariant,bold-sans
no mi,mathvariant,double-struck
no mi,mathvariant,double-struck
no mi,mathvariant,double-struck
no menclose,notation
no mtd,columnalign
no menclose,notation,longdiv
no mtd,columnalign,right
no mfrac
no mfrac
no mfrac
no mfrac
no mfrac
no mfrac
no mstyle,scriptlevel,-1
</pre>
<p><a name="Files-for-BAUK-Maths-(ukmaths)"></a>
<a name="Files-for-BAUK-Maths-_0028ukmaths_0029"></a>
<h3 class="section">A.5 Files for BAUK Maths (ukmaths)</h3>
<p><a name="ukmaths.cfg"></a>
<a name="ukmaths_002ecfg"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">A.5.1 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.cfg</span></samp></h4>
<pre class="example"> cellsperline 32
braillePages no
mathexprtable us-table.dis,ukmaths.ctb
editTable ukmaths_edit.ctb
internetAccess no
semanticFiles *,ukmaths.sem
</pre>
<p><a name="ukmaths.sem"></a>
<a name="ukmaths_002esem"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">A.5.2 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.sem</span></samp></h4>
<pre class="example"> # Licensed under LGPL
maction maction
maligngroup maligngroup
malignmark malignmark
math math \eb,\*\ee
menclose menclose
mfrac mfrac \x0003,@456-34,\x0004
mfenced mfenced @126,@345
mfenced mfenced,open,{ @246,@135
mover mover ,@4-346,@12456
munder munder ,@4-16,@12456
mglyph mglyph
mi mi
mlabeledtr mlabeledtr
mmultiscripts mmultiscripts
mn mn
mo mo
mpadded mpadded
reverse mroot @146
mrow mrow \x0001,\*\x0002
ms ms
mspace mspace \x00a0
msqrt msqrt @146
mstyle mstyle
msub msub ,@16,@12456
msubsup msubsup ,@346,@12456
msup msup ,@346,@12456
matrix mtable
mtd mtd \*\ec
mtext mtext
mtr mtr @123456,\*@123456\er
munderover munderover ^",^%,^<,^}
semantics semantics
skip annotation
no annotation,encoding
no maction,actiontype
no maction,actiontype,highli
no maction,actiontype,status
no maction,actiontype,toggle
no maction,dsi:background
no malignmark,edge
no malignmark,edge,right
no math,display
no math,display,block
no math,mode
no math,mode,inline
no math,xmlns
no mfenced,open
no mfenced,separators
no mn,color
no mn,color,green
no mo,stretchy
no mo,stretchy,false
no mo,stretchy,true
no mover,accent
no mover,accent,true
no ms,lquote
no ms,rquote
no ms,rquote,'
no mspace,height
no mspace,width
no mstyle,background
no mstyle,background,lightb
no mstyle,background,red
no mstyle,color
no mstyle,color,blue
no mstyle,displaystyle
no mstyle,displaystyle,true
no mstyle,fontsize
no mstyle,fontstyle
no mstyle,fontstyle,italic
no mstyle,fontstyle,normal
no mstyle,fontweight
no mstyle,fontweight,bold
no mstyle,mathsize
no mstyle,mathsize,normal
no mstyle,mathvariant
no mstyle,mathvariant,bold
no mstyle,scriptlevel
no mtable,columnalign
no mtable,columnalign,left
no mtable,equalcolumns
no mtable,equalcolumns,false
no mtable,equalrows
no mtable,equalrows,false
no mtable,frame
no mtable,frame,solid
no mtable,width
no munderover,accent
no munderover,accent,true
skip annotation,encoding,MathType-MTEF
skip merror
skip mphantom
no mo,maxsize
no mo,maxsize,3
no mo,mathsize
no mi,mathvariant
no mo,mathvariant
no munder,accentunder
no mn,mathvariant
no mtext,mathvariant
no mi,mathvariant,italic
no mn,mathvariant,normal
no mo,mathvariant,normal
no munder,accentunder,true
no mtext,mathvariant,normal
no math,display,inline
no mi,mathvariant,normal
no mi,mathvariant,fraktur
no mi,mathvariant,bold-sans
no mi,mathvariant,double-struck
no menclose,notation
no mtd,columnalign
no menclose,notation,longdiv
no mtd,columnalign,right
no mstyle,scriptlevel,-1
</pre>
<p><a name="ukmaths.ctb"></a>
<a name="ukmaths_002ectb"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">A.5.3 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths.ctb</span></samp></h4>
<pre class="example"> # liblouis: UK Maths Table for mathematics
#
# Based on the Linux screenreader BRLTTY, copyright (C) 1999-2006 by
# The BRLTTY Team
#
# Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006
# ViewPlus Technologies, Inc. www.viewplus.com
# and
# JJB Software, Inc. www.jjb-software.com
# All rights reserved
#
# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the Lesser or Library GNU General Public License
# as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# Library GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the Library GNU General Public
# License along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write
# to
# the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
# Maintained by John J. Boyer john.boyer@jjb-software.com
# Updated 6-18-08 by Mike Sivill <mike.sivill@viewplus.com>
include ukmaths_single_cell_defs.cti
include ukmaths_unicode_defs.cti
# grouping definitions are character-definition rules
grouping mrow \x0001\x0002 1e,2e
grouping mfrac \x0003\x0004 3e,4e
grouping brackets \x0005\x0006 126,345
# Braille indicators
numsign 3456
capsign 6
begcaps 6-6
endcaps 6-3
singleletterital 4
singleletterbold 4
# litdigit opcodes must be in this table, not the single-cell table.
litdigit 0 245
litdigit 1 1
litdigit 2 12
litdigit 3 14
litdigit 4 145
litdigit 5 15
litdigit 6 124
litdigit 7 1245
litdigit 8 125
litdigit 9 24
# No letsign but endnum for letters a-j.
endnum a 56-1
endnum b 56-12
endnum c 56-14
endnum d 56-145
endnum e 56-15
endnum f 56-124
endnum g 56-1245
endnum h 56-125
endnum i 56-24
endnum j 56-245
# Ordinary translation entries
always = a-56-2356
always + a-56-235
always > a-135-a
always < a-246-a
always % 25-1234
always $ 256
always & 4-12346
always ~ 45-156
always ! 6-236
prepunc " 236
postpunc " 356
postpunc ' 3
always '' 36
always ''' 36-3
midnum , 3
postpunc , 6-2
always , 3
always # 35-2345 print number sign before number
always ( 126
always ) 345
pass2 [{mrow]@126/@345}mrow ?
pass2 @126[{mrow]/}mrow@345 ?
decpoint . 2
always ... 3-3-3
hyphen - 36
postpunc . 6-256
postpunc ; 6-23
postpunc : 6-25
postpunc ? 6-236
endnum % 4-356
midnum * 4-16
repeated \s 0
repeated \x00a0 a
# swap opcodes for replacement and testing.
swapcd dropped 0123456789 356,2,23,25,456,26,235,2356,236,35
swapdd upnum 245,1,12,14,145,15,124,1245,125,24 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
swapdd lownum 356,2,23,25,256,26,235,2356,236,35 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
# now we start doing the real work
# Correction rules
correct {mrow$ld1-20[}mrow] ?
correct "\eb"[{mrow]/}mrow"\ee" ?
context "\eb"[]$l"\ee" @56
context "\eb"[]","$l"\ee" @56
context []"@456-34"$d1-10}mfrac #1=1
# context []"@456-34"$d1-10}mfrac #1=1
context []"@346"$d1-10"@12456" #1=1
context []"@16"$d1-10"@12456" #1=1
# context []"@146"$d1-10 #1=1
context #1=1$d1-10 #1=0%dropped
# exactdots opcodes for dot patterns in ukmaths.sem
exactdots @126
exactdots @345
exactdots @123456
exactdots @346
exactdots @16
exactdots @23456
exactdots @34
exactdots @456-34
exactdots @12456
exactdots @146
# Function names and abbreviations
word cos 1246-14
word grad 1246-1245
word cosh 1246-125-14
word sinh 1246-125-234
word tanh 1246-125-2345
word cosech 1246-125-126
word coth 1246-125-1256
word sech 1246-125-36
word log 1246-123
word sin 1246-234
word tan 1246-2345
word cosec 1246-126
word curl 1246-146
word div 1246-1456
word cot 1246-1256
word arccosh 1246-236-14
word arcsinh 1246-236-234
word arctanh 1246-236-2345
word arccosech 1246-236-126
word arccoth 1246-236-1256
word arcsech 1246-236-36
word sec 1246-36
word arccos 1246-4-14
word antilog 1246-4-123
word arcsin 1246-4-234
word arctan 1246-4-2345
word arccosec 1246-4-126
word arccot 1246-4-1256
word arcsec 1246-4-25
word colog 1246-45-123
# pass2 processing
pass2 [@3456]%lownum1-10 ?
pass2 [@456-34-3456]%lownum1-10 ?
# pass3 processing
pass3 @346%lownum1-10[@12456] ?
pass3 @16[%lownum1-10]@12456 *
pass3 {mfrac[@3456%upnum1-10%lownum1-10]}mfrac *
</pre>
<p><a name="ukmaths_edit.ctb"></a>
<a name="ukmaths_005fedit_002ectb"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">A.5.4 <samp><span class="file">ukmaths_edit.ctb</span></samp></h4>
<pre class="example"> # liblouis Table for Post-Translation Editing
#
# Based on the Linux screenreader BRLTTY, copyright (C) 1999-2006 by
# The BRLTTY Team
#
# Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006
# ViewPlus Technologies, Inc. www.viewplus.com
# and
# JJB Software, Inc. www.jjb-software.com
# All rights reserved
#
# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the Lesser or Library GNU General Public License
# as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# Library GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the Library GNU General Public
# License along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write
# to
# the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
# Maintained by John J. Boyer john.boyer@jjb-software.com
# Updated 6-18-08 by Mike Sivill <mike.sivill@viewplus.com>
include ukmaths_single_cell_defs.cti
math \x0001 56
math \x0002 45
math \x0003 56
math \x0004 45
repeated \s 0
always \ee\s`4 6-256
always \ee\s`1 6
always \ee\s`3 6-25
always \ee\s`2 6-23
always `7\s\eb 12356
always \ee\s`7 23456
always "\s 0
always \s,\s 6-0
# context "\eb"[]$l"\ee" @56
# context "\eb"[]","$l"\ee" @56
pass2 @1b-12 ?
pass2 @1b-15 ?
pass2 @1b-12-4-4 @4
</pre>
<p><a name="Configuration-Settings-Index"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Configuration Settings Index</h2>
<ul class="index-tp" compact>
<li><a href="#index-backFormat-29"><code>backFormat</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backLineLength-30"><code>backLineLength</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-beginningPageNumber-14"><code>beginningPageNumber</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-braillePageNumberAt-16"><code>braillePageNumberAt</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-braillePageNumberFormat-55"><code>braillePageNumberFormat</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-braillePages-12"><code>braillePages</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cellsPerLine-5"><code>cellsPerLine</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-center-72"><code>center</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compbrailleTable-35"><code>compbrailleTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-continuePages-17"><code>continuePages</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-editTable-38"><code>editTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-entity-42"><code>entity</code></a>: <a href="#xml">xml</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileEnd-10"><code>fileEnd</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-firstLineIndent-48"><code>firstLineIndent</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-51"><code>format</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-formatFor-28"><code>formatFor</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hyphenate-25"><code>hyphenate</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ignoreEmptyPages-20"><code>ignoreEmptyPages</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputTextEncoding-27"><code>inputTextEncoding</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-interline-31"><code>interline</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-interlineBackTable-39"><code>interlineBackTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-internetAccess-43"><code>internetAccess</code></a>: <a href="#xml">xml</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-interpoint-7"><code>interpoint</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-leftMargin-47"><code>leftMargin</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lineEnd-8"><code>lineEnd</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lineFill-32"><code>lineFill</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linesAfter-46"><code>linesAfter</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linesBefore-45"><code>linesBefore</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linesPerPage-6"><code>linesPerPage</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-literaryTextTable-33"><code>literaryTextTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MathexpTable-37"><code>MathexpTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mathtextTable-36"><code>mathtextTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mergeUnnumberedPages-22"><code>mergeUnnumberedPages</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-newEntries-44"><code>newEntries</code></a>: <a href="#xml">xml</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-newPageAfter-53"><code>newPageAfter</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-newPageBefore-52"><code>newPageBefore</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-outputEncoding-26"><code>outputEncoding</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pageEnd-9"><code>pageEnd</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pageNumberBottomSeparateLine-24"><code>pageNumberBottomSeparateLine</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pageNumberTopSeparateLine-23"><code>pageNumberTopSeparateLine</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pageSeparator-18"><code>pageSeparator</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pageSeparatorNumber-19"><code>pageSeparatorNumber</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-paragraphs-13"><code>paragraphs</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printPageNumberAt-15"><code>printPageNumberAt</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printPageNumberRange-21"><code>printPageNumberRange</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printPages-11"><code>printPages</code></a>: <a href="#outputFormat">outputFormat</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rightHandPage-54"><code>rightHandPage</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-semanticFiles-40"><code>semanticFiles</code></a>: <a href="#xml">xml</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-skipNumberLines-50"><code>skipNumberLines</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translate-49"><code>translate</code></a>: <a href="#style">style</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-uncontractedTable-34"><code>uncontractedTable</code></a>: <a href="#translation">translation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-xmlheader-41"><code>xmlheader</code></a>: <a href="#xml">xml</a></li>
</ul><p><a name="Semantic-Action-Index"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Semantic Action Index</h2>
<ul class="index-semantic" compact>
<li><a href="#index-blankline-90">blankline</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-boldx-91">boldx</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-boxline-92">boxline</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changetable-94">changetable</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-chemistry-93">chemistry</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compbrl-95">compbrl</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configfile-96">configfile</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configstring-97">configstring</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configtweak-98">configtweak</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contenss1-79">contenss1</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contenss2-80">contenss2</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contenss3-81">contenss3</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contenss4-82">contenss4</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contentsheader-83">contentsheader</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-contracted-99">contracted</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-document-84">document</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-footer-100">footer</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-generic-101">generic</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-graphic-102">graphic</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-heading1-85">heading1</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-heading2-86">heading2</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-heading3-87">heading3</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-heading4-88">heading4</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-htmllink-103">htmllink</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-htmltarget-104">htmltarget</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-italicx-105">italicx</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linespacing-106">linespacing</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-maction-107">maction</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-maligngroup-108">maligngroup</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-malignmark-109">malignmark</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-math-110">math</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-menclose-111">menclose</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-merror-112">merror</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mfenced-113">mfenced</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mfrac-114">mfrac</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mglyph-115">mglyph</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mi-116">mi</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mlabeledtr-117">mlabeledtr</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mmultiscripts-118">mmultiscripts</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mn-119">mn</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mo-120">mo</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mover-121">mover</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mpadded-122">mpadded</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mphantom-123">mphantom</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mprescripts-124">mprescripts</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mroot-125">mroot</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mrow-126">mrow</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ms-127">ms</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mspace-128">mspace</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-msqrt-129">msqrt</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mstyle-130">mstyle</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-msub-131">msub</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-msubsup-132">msubsup</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-msup-133">msup</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mtable-134">mtable</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mtd-135">mtd</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mtext-136">mtext</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mtr-137">mtr</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-munder-138">munder</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-munderover-139">munderover</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-music-140">music</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-newpage-141">newpage</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-no-142">no</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-none-143">none</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-notranslate-144">notranslate</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pagenum-145">pagenum</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-para-89">para</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reverse-146">reverse</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-righthandpage-147">righthandpage</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-runninghead-148">runninghead</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-semantics-149">semantics</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-skip-150">skip</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-softreturn-151">softreturn</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-uncontracted-152">uncontracted</a>: <a href="#Semantic-Actions-in-detail">Semantic Actions in detail</a></li>
</ul><p><a name="Function-Index"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Function Index</h2>
<ul class="index-fn" compact>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005fbackTranslateFile-158"><code>lbx_backTranslateFile</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005fbackTranslateFile">lbx_backTranslateFile</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005ffree-159"><code>lbx_free</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005ffree">lbx_free</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005finitialize-154"><code>lbx_initialize</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005finitialize">lbx_initialize</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005ftranslateFile-156"><code>lbx_translateFile</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005ftranslateFile">lbx_translateFile</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005ftranslateString-155"><code>lbx_translateString</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005ftranslateString">lbx_translateString</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005ftranslateTextFile-157"><code>lbx_translateTextFile</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005ftranslateTextFile">lbx_translateTextFile</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lbx_005fversion-153"><code>lbx_version</code></a>: <a href="#lbx_005fversion">lbx_version</a></li>
</ul><p><a name="Program-Index"></a>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Program Index</h2>
<ul class="index-pg" compact>
<li><a href="#index-file2brl-1"><code>file2brl</code></a>: <a href="#Transcribing-XML-files-with-file2brl">Transcribing XML files with file2brl</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-msword2brl-2"><code>msword2brl</code></a>: <a href="#Transcribing-Microsoft-Word-files-with-msword2brl">Transcribing Microsoft Word files with msword2brl</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pdf2brl-4"><code>pdf2brl</code></a>: <a href="#Transcribing-PDF-files-with-pdf2brl">Transcribing PDF files with pdf2brl</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rtf2brl-3"><code>rtf2brl</code></a>: <a href="#Transcribing-RTF-files-with-rtf2brl">Transcribing RTF files with rtf2brl</a></li>
</ul></body></html>
|