swi-prolog-nox 5.10.4-3ubuntu1 / usr / lib / swi-prolog / doc / Manual / builtin.html

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

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<TITLE>SWI-Prolog 5.11.18 Reference Manual</TITLE><LINK REL=home HREF="index.html">
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<H1><A NAME="sec:4"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Built-in 
predicates</SPAN></A></H1>

<A NAME="sec:builtin"></A>

<P>
<HR>
<CENTER>

<H2>Section Index</H2>

</CENTER>
<HR>
<DIV class="toc">
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="preddesc.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Notation 
of Predicate Descriptions</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="chars.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Character 
representation</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Loading 
Prolog source files</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html#sec:4.3.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Conditional 
compilation and program transformation</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html#sec:4.3.1.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Conditional 
compilation</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html#sec:4.3.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Loading 
files, active code and threads</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html#sec:4.3.2.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3.2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Threads 
and reloading running code</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="consulting.html#sec:4.3.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.3.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Quick 
load files</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="listing.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Listing 
and Editor Interface</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="typetest.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Verify 
Type of a Term</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="compare.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Comparison 
and Unification of Terms</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="compare.html#sec:4.6.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Standard 
Order of Terms</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="compare.html#sec:4.6.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.6.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Special 
unification and comparison predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="control.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.7</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Control 
Predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="metacall.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.8</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Meta-Call 
Predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="exception.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.9</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">ISO 
compliant Exception handling</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="exception.html#sec:4.9.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.9.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Debugging 
and exceptions</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="exception.html#sec:4.9.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.9.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">The 
exception term</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="exception.html#sec:4.9.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.9.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Printing 
messages</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="exception.html#sec:4.9.3.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.9.3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Printing 
from libraries</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="signal.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.10</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Handling 
signals</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="signal.html#sec:4.10.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.10.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Notes 
on signal handling</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="DCG.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.11</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">DCG 
Grammar rules</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="db.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.12</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Database</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="db.html#sec:4.12.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.12.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Update 
view</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="db.html#sec:4.12.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.12.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Indexing 
databases</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="dynamic.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.13</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Declaring 
predicates properties</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="examineprog.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.14</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Examining 
the program</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="IO.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.15</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Input 
and output</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="IO.html#sec:4.15.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.15.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">ISO 
Input and Output Streams</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="IO.html#sec:4.15.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.15.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Edinburgh-style 
I/O</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="IO.html#sec:4.15.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.15.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Switching 
Between Edinburgh and ISO I/O</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="IO.html#sec:4.15.4"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.15.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Write 
onto atoms, code-lists, etc.</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="streamstat.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.16</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Status 
of streams</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="chario.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.17</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Primitive 
character I/O</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="termrw.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.18</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Term 
reading and writing</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="manipterm.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.19</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Analysing 
and Constructing Terms</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="manipterm.html#sec:4.19.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.19.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Non-logical 
operations on terms</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="manipatom.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.20</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Analysing 
and Constructing Atoms</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="chartype.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.21</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Character 
properties</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="chartype.html#sec:4.21.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.21.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Case 
conversion</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="chartype.html#sec:4.21.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.21.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">White 
space normalization</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="chartype.html#sec:4.21.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.21.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Language 
specific comparison</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="strings.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.22</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Representing 
text in strings</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="operators.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.23</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Operators</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="charconv.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.24</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Character 
Conversion</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="arith.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Arithmetic</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="arith.html#sec:4.25.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Special 
purpose integer arithmetic</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="arith.html#sec:4.25.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">General 
purpose arithmetic</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="arith.html#sec:4.25.2.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25.2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Arithmetic 
types</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="arith.html#sec:4.25.2.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25.2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Rational 
number examples</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="arith.html#sec:4.25.2.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.25.2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Arithmetic 
Functions</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="extendarith.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.26</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Adding 
Arithmetic Functions</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="miscarith.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.27</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Misc 
arithmetic support predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="builtinlist.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.28</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Built-in 
list operations</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="allsolutions.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.29</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Finding 
all Solutions to a Goal</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="forall2.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.30</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Forall</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="format.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.31</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Formatted 
Write</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="format.html#sec:4.31.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.31.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Writef</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="format.html#sec:4.31.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.31.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Format</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="format.html#sec:4.31.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.31.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Programming 
Format</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="tty.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.32</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Terminal 
Control</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="system.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.33</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Operating 
System Interaction</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="system.html#sec:4.33.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.33.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Dealing 
with time and date</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="system.html#sec:4.33.1.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.33.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Time 
and date data-structures</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="system.html#sec:4.33.1.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.33.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Time 
and date predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="system.html#sec:4.33.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.33.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Controlling 
the <B>swipl-win.exe</B> console window</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="files.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.34</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">File 
System Interaction</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="toplevel.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.35</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">User 
Top-level Manipulation</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="protocol.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.36</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Creating 
a Protocol of the User Interaction</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="debugger.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.37</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Debugging 
and Tracing Programs</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="statistics.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.38</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Obtaining 
Runtime Statistics</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="profile.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.39</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Execution 
profiling</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="profile.html#sec:4.39.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.39.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Profiling 
predicates</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="profile.html#sec:4.39.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.39.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Visualizing 
profiling data</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="profile.html#sec:4.39.3"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.39.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Information 
gathering</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h4"><A class="sec" href="profile.html#sec:4.39.3.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.39.3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Profiling 
in the Windows Implementation</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="memory.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.40</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Memory 
Management</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="DDE.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.41</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Windows 
DDE interface</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="DDE.html#sec:4.41.1"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.41.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">DDE 
client interface</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h3"><A class="sec" href="DDE.html#sec:4.41.2"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.41.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">DDE 
server mode</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV class="toc-h2"><A class="sec" href="miscpreds.html"><SPAN class="sec-nr">4.42</SPAN> <SPAN class="sec-title">Miscellaneous</SPAN></A></DIV>
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