/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/interfaces.py is in python-sqlalchemy 0.8.4-1build1.
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Define core interfaces used by the engine system."""
from .. import util, event, events
class Dialect(object):
"""Define the behavior of a specific database and DB-API combination.
Any aspect of metadata definition, SQL query generation,
execution, result-set handling, or anything else which varies
between databases is defined under the general category of the
Dialect. The Dialect acts as a factory for other
database-specific object implementations including
ExecutionContext, Compiled, DefaultGenerator, and TypeEngine.
All Dialects implement the following attributes:
name
identifying name for the dialect from a DBAPI-neutral point of view
(i.e. 'sqlite')
driver
identifying name for the dialect's DBAPI
positional
True if the paramstyle for this Dialect is positional.
paramstyle
the paramstyle to be used (some DB-APIs support multiple
paramstyles).
convert_unicode
True if Unicode conversion should be applied to all ``str``
types.
encoding
type of encoding to use for unicode, usually defaults to
'utf-8'.
statement_compiler
a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile SQL statements
ddl_compiler
a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile DDL statements
server_version_info
a tuple containing a version number for the DB backend in use.
This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is
typically populated during the initial connection to the database.
default_schema_name
the name of the default schema. This value is only available for
supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the
initial connection to the database.
execution_ctx_cls
a :class:`.ExecutionContext` class used to handle statement execution
execute_sequence_format
either the 'tuple' or 'list' type, depending on what cursor.execute()
accepts for the second argument (they vary).
preparer
a :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer` class used to
quote identifiers.
supports_alter
``True`` if the database supports ``ALTER TABLE``.
max_identifier_length
The maximum length of identifier names.
supports_unicode_statements
Indicate whether the DB-API can receive SQL statements as Python
unicode strings
supports_unicode_binds
Indicate whether the DB-API can receive string bind parameters
as Python unicode strings
supports_sane_rowcount
Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for
``UPDATE`` and ``DELETE`` statements.
supports_sane_multi_rowcount
Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for
``UPDATE`` and ``DELETE`` statements when executed via
executemany.
preexecute_autoincrement_sequences
True if 'implicit' primary key functions must be executed separately
in order to get their value. This is currently oriented towards
Postgresql.
implicit_returning
use RETURNING or equivalent during INSERT execution in order to load
newly generated primary keys and other column defaults in one execution,
which are then available via inserted_primary_key.
If an insert statement has returning() specified explicitly,
the "implicit" functionality is not used and inserted_primary_key
will not be available.
dbapi_type_map
A mapping of DB-API type objects present in this Dialect's
DB-API implementation mapped to TypeEngine implementations used
by the dialect.
This is used to apply types to result sets based on the DB-API
types present in cursor.description; it only takes effect for
result sets against textual statements where no explicit
typemap was present.
colspecs
A dictionary of TypeEngine classes from sqlalchemy.types mapped
to subclasses that are specific to the dialect class. This
dictionary is class-level only and is not accessed from the
dialect instance itself.
supports_default_values
Indicates if the construct ``INSERT INTO tablename DEFAULT
VALUES`` is supported
supports_sequences
Indicates if the dialect supports CREATE SEQUENCE or similar.
sequences_optional
If True, indicates if the "optional" flag on the Sequence() construct
should signal to not generate a CREATE SEQUENCE. Applies only to
dialects that support sequences. Currently used only to allow Postgresql
SERIAL to be used on a column that specifies Sequence() for usage on
other backends.
supports_native_enum
Indicates if the dialect supports a native ENUM construct.
This will prevent types.Enum from generating a CHECK
constraint when that type is used.
supports_native_boolean
Indicates if the dialect supports a native boolean construct.
This will prevent types.Boolean from generating a CHECK
constraint when that type is used.
"""
def create_connect_args(self, url):
"""Build DB-API compatible connection arguments.
Given a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL` object, returns a tuple
consisting of a `*args`/`**kwargs` suitable to send directly
to the dbapi's connect function.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@classmethod
def type_descriptor(cls, typeobj):
"""Transform a generic type to a dialect-specific type.
Dialect classes will usually use the
:func:`.types.adapt_type` function in the types module to
accomplish this.
The returned result is cached *per dialect class* so can
contain no dialect-instance state.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def initialize(self, connection):
"""Called during strategized creation of the dialect with a
connection.
Allows dialects to configure options based on server version info or
other properties.
The connection passed here is a SQLAlchemy Connection object,
with full capabilities.
The initalize() method of the base dialect should be called via
super().
"""
pass
def reflecttable(self, connection, table, include_columns=None):
"""Load table description from the database.
Given a :class:`.Connection` and a
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` object, reflect its columns and
properties from the database. If include_columns (a list or
set) is specified, limit the autoload to the given column
names.
The default implementation uses the
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.reflection.Inspector` interface to
provide the output, building upon the granular table/column/
constraint etc. methods of :class:`.Dialect`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about columns in `table_name`.
Given a :class:`.Connection`, a string
`table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return column
information as a list of dictionaries with these keys:
name
the column's name
type
[sqlalchemy.types#TypeEngine]
nullable
boolean
default
the column's default value
autoincrement
boolean
sequence
a dictionary of the form
{'name' : str, 'start' :int, 'increment': int}
Additional column attributes may be present.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_primary_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about primary keys in `table_name`.
Deprecated. This method is only called by the default
implementation of :meth:`.Dialect.get_pk_constraint`. Dialects should
instead implement this method directly.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_pk_constraint(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about the primary key constraint on
table_name`.
Given a :class:`.Connection`, a string
`table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return primary
key information as a dictionary with these keys:
constrained_columns
a list of column names that make up the primary key
name
optional name of the primary key constraint.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about foreign_keys in `table_name`.
Given a :class:`.Connection`, a string
`table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return foreign
key information as a list of dicts with these keys:
name
the constraint's name
constrained_columns
a list of column names that make up the foreign key
referred_schema
the name of the referred schema
referred_table
the name of the referred table
referred_columns
a list of column names in the referred table that correspond to
constrained_columns
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return a list of table names for `schema`."""
raise NotImplementedError
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return a list of all view names available in the database.
schema:
Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return view definition.
Given a :class:`.Connection`, a string
`view_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return the view
definition.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about indexes in `table_name`.
Given a :class:`.Connection`, a string
`table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return index
information as a list of dictionaries with these keys:
name
the index's name
column_names
list of column names in order
unique
boolean
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_unique_constraints(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about unique constraints in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
unique constraint information as a list of dicts with these keys:
name
the unique constraint's name
column_names
list of column names in order
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def normalize_name(self, name):
"""convert the given name to lowercase if it is detected as
case insensitive.
this method is only used if the dialect defines
requires_name_normalize=True.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def denormalize_name(self, name):
"""convert the given name to a case insensitive identifier
for the backend if it is an all-lowercase name.
this method is only used if the dialect defines
requires_name_normalize=True.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
"""Check the existence of a particular table in the database.
Given a :class:`.Connection` object and a string
`table_name`, return True if the given table (possibly within
the specified `schema`) exists in the database, False
otherwise.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None):
"""Check the existence of a particular sequence in the database.
Given a :class:`.Connection` object and a string
`sequence_name`, return True if the given sequence exists in
the database, False otherwise.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
"""Retrieve the server version info from the given connection.
This is used by the default implementation to populate the
"server_version_info" attribute and is called exactly
once upon first connect.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection):
"""Return the string name of the currently selected schema from
the given connection.
This is used by the default implementation to populate the
"default_schema_name" attribute and is called exactly
once upon first connect.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_begin(self, dbapi_connection):
"""Provide an implementation of ``connection.begin()``, given a
DB-API connection.
The DBAPI has no dedicated "begin" method and it is expected
that transactions are implicit. This hook is provided for those
DBAPIs that might need additional help in this area.
Note that :meth:`.Dialect.do_begin` is not called unless a
:class:`.Transaction` object is in use. The
:meth:`.Dialect.do_autocommit`
hook is provided for DBAPIs that need some extra commands emitted
after a commit in order to enter the next transaction, when the
SQLAlchemy :class:`.Connection` is used in it's default "autocommit"
mode.
:param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_rollback(self, dbapi_connection):
"""Provide an implementation of ``connection.rollback()``, given
a DB-API connection.
:param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_commit(self, dbapi_connection):
"""Provide an implementation of ``connection.commit()``, given a
DB-API connection.
:param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_close(self, dbapi_connection):
"""Provide an implementation of ``connection.close()``, given a DBAPI
connection.
This hook is called by the :class:`.Pool` when a connection has been
detached from the pool, or is being returned beyond the normal
capacity of the pool.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def create_xid(self):
"""Create a two-phase transaction ID.
This id will be passed to do_begin_twophase(),
do_rollback_twophase(), do_commit_twophase(). Its format is
unspecified.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_savepoint(self, connection, name):
"""Create a savepoint with the given name.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param name: savepoint name.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_rollback_to_savepoint(self, connection, name):
"""Rollback a connection to the named savepoint.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param name: savepoint name.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_release_savepoint(self, connection, name):
"""Release the named savepoint on a connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param name: savepoint name.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_begin_twophase(self, connection, xid):
"""Begin a two phase transaction on the given connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param xid: xid
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection, xid):
"""Prepare a two phase transaction on the given connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param xid: xid
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_rollback_twophase(self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True,
recover=False):
"""Rollback a two phase transaction on the given connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param xid: xid
:param is_prepared: whether or not
:meth:`.TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare` was called.
:param recover: if the recover flag was passed.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_commit_twophase(self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True,
recover=False):
"""Commit a two phase transaction on the given connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
:param xid: xid
:param is_prepared: whether or not
:meth:`.TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare` was called.
:param recover: if the recover flag was passed.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_recover_twophase(self, connection):
"""Recover list of uncommited prepared two phase transaction
identifiers on the given connection.
:param connection: a :class:`.Connection`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
"""Provide an implementation of ``cursor.executemany(statement,
parameters)``."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
"""Provide an implementation of ``cursor.execute(statement,
parameters)``."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def do_execute_no_params(self, cursor, statement, parameters,
context=None):
"""Provide an implementation of ``cursor.execute(statement)``.
The parameter collection should not be sent.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
"""Return True if the given DB-API error indicates an invalid
connection"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def connect(self):
"""return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.
The callable accepts a single argument "conn" which is the
DBAPI connection itself. It has no return value.
This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as
isolation modes, unicode modes, etc.
If a callable is returned, it will be assembled into a pool listener
that receives the direct DBAPI connection, with all wrappers removed.
If None is returned, no listener will be generated.
"""
return None
def reset_isolation_level(self, dbapi_conn):
"""Given a DBAPI connection, revert its isolation to the default."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def set_isolation_level(self, dbapi_conn, level):
"""Given a DBAPI connection, set its isolation level."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_isolation_level(self, dbapi_conn):
"""Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level."""
raise NotImplementedError()
class ExecutionContext(object):
"""A messenger object for a Dialect that corresponds to a single
execution.
ExecutionContext should have these data members:
connection
Connection object which can be freely used by default value
generators to execute SQL. This Connection should reference the
same underlying connection/transactional resources of
root_connection.
root_connection
Connection object which is the source of this ExecutionContext. This
Connection may have close_with_result=True set, in which case it can
only be used once.
dialect
dialect which created this ExecutionContext.
cursor
DB-API cursor procured from the connection,
compiled
if passed to constructor, sqlalchemy.engine.base.Compiled object
being executed,
statement
string version of the statement to be executed. Is either
passed to the constructor, or must be created from the
sql.Compiled object by the time pre_exec() has completed.
parameters
bind parameters passed to the execute() method. For compiled
statements, this is a dictionary or list of dictionaries. For
textual statements, it should be in a format suitable for the
dialect's paramstyle (i.e. dict or list of dicts for non
positional, list or list of lists/tuples for positional).
isinsert
True if the statement is an INSERT.
isupdate
True if the statement is an UPDATE.
should_autocommit
True if the statement is a "committable" statement.
prefetch_cols
a list of Column objects for which a client-side default
was fired off. Applies to inserts and updates.
postfetch_cols
a list of Column objects for which a server-side default or
inline SQL expression value was fired off. Applies to inserts
and updates.
"""
def create_cursor(self):
"""Return a new cursor generated from this ExecutionContext's
connection.
Some dialects may wish to change the behavior of
connection.cursor(), such as postgresql which may return a PG
"server side" cursor.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def pre_exec(self):
"""Called before an execution of a compiled statement.
If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext,
the `statement` and `parameters` datamembers must be
initialized after this statement is complete.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def post_exec(self):
"""Called after the execution of a compiled statement.
If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext,
the `last_insert_ids`, `last_inserted_params`, etc.
datamembers should be available after this method completes.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def result(self):
"""Return a result object corresponding to this ExecutionContext.
Returns a ResultProxy.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def handle_dbapi_exception(self, e):
"""Receive a DBAPI exception which occurred upon execute, result
fetch, etc."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def should_autocommit_text(self, statement):
"""Parse the given textual statement and return True if it refers to
a "committable" statement"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def lastrow_has_defaults(self):
"""Return True if the last INSERT or UPDATE row contained
inlined or database-side defaults.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def get_rowcount(self):
"""Return the DBAPI ``cursor.rowcount`` value, or in some
cases an interpreted value.
See :attr:`.ResultProxy.rowcount` for details on this.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
class Compiled(object):
"""Represent a compiled SQL or DDL expression.
The ``__str__`` method of the ``Compiled`` object should produce
the actual text of the statement. ``Compiled`` objects are
specific to their underlying database dialect, and also may
or may not be specific to the columns referenced within a
particular set of bind parameters. In no case should the
``Compiled`` object be dependent on the actual values of those
bind parameters, even though it may reference those values as
defaults.
"""
def __init__(self, dialect, statement, bind=None,
compile_kwargs=util.immutabledict()):
"""Construct a new ``Compiled`` object.
:param dialect: ``Dialect`` to compile against.
:param statement: ``ClauseElement`` to be compiled.
:param bind: Optional Engine or Connection to compile this
statement against.
:param compile_kwargs: additional kwargs that will be
passed to the initial call to :meth:`.Compiled.process`.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
self.dialect = dialect
self.bind = bind
if statement is not None:
self.statement = statement
self.can_execute = statement.supports_execution
self.string = self.process(self.statement, **compile_kwargs)
@util.deprecated("0.7", ":class:`.Compiled` objects now compile "
"within the constructor.")
def compile(self):
"""Produce the internal string representation of this element."""
pass
@property
def sql_compiler(self):
"""Return a Compiled that is capable of processing SQL expressions.
If this compiler is one, it would likely just return 'self'.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def process(self, obj, **kwargs):
return obj._compiler_dispatch(self, **kwargs)
def __str__(self):
"""Return the string text of the generated SQL or DDL."""
return self.string or ''
def construct_params(self, params=None):
"""Return the bind params for this compiled object.
:param params: a dict of string/object pairs whose values will
override bind values compiled in to the
statement.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@property
def params(self):
"""Return the bind params for this compiled object."""
return self.construct_params()
def execute(self, *multiparams, **params):
"""Execute this compiled object."""
e = self.bind
if e is None:
raise exc.UnboundExecutionError(
"This Compiled object is not bound to any Engine "
"or Connection.")
return e._execute_compiled(self, multiparams, params)
def scalar(self, *multiparams, **params):
"""Execute this compiled object and return the result's
scalar value."""
return self.execute(*multiparams, **params).scalar()
class TypeCompiler(object):
"""Produces DDL specification for TypeEngine objects."""
def __init__(self, dialect):
self.dialect = dialect
def process(self, type_):
return type_._compiler_dispatch(self)
class Connectable(object):
"""Interface for an object which supports execution of SQL constructs.
The two implementations of :class:`.Connectable` are
:class:`.Connection` and :class:`.Engine`.
Connectable must also implement the 'dialect' member which references a
:class:`.Dialect` instance.
"""
dispatch = event.dispatcher(events.ConnectionEvents)
def connect(self, **kwargs):
"""Return a :class:`.Connection` object.
Depending on context, this may be ``self`` if this object
is already an instance of :class:`.Connection`, or a newly
procured :class:`.Connection` if this object is an instance
of :class:`.Engine`.
"""
def contextual_connect(self):
"""Return a :class:`.Connection` object which may be part of an ongoing
context.
Depending on context, this may be ``self`` if this object
is already an instance of :class:`.Connection`, or a newly
procured :class:`.Connection` if this object is an instance
of :class:`.Engine`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@util.deprecated("0.7",
"Use the create() method on the given schema "
"object directly, i.e. :meth:`.Table.create`, "
":meth:`.Index.create`, :meth:`.MetaData.create_all`")
def create(self, entity, **kwargs):
"""Emit CREATE statements for the given schema entity."""
raise NotImplementedError()
@util.deprecated("0.7",
"Use the drop() method on the given schema "
"object directly, i.e. :meth:`.Table.drop`, "
":meth:`.Index.drop`, :meth:`.MetaData.drop_all`")
def drop(self, entity, **kwargs):
"""Emit DROP statements for the given schema entity."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def execute(self, object, *multiparams, **params):
"""Executes the given construct and returns a :class:`.ResultProxy`."""
raise NotImplementedError()
def scalar(self, object, *multiparams, **params):
"""Executes and returns the first column of the first row.
The underlying cursor is closed after execution.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element,
**kwargs):
raise NotImplementedError()
def _execute_clauseelement(self, elem, multiparams=None, params=None):
raise NotImplementedError()
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