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<a name="Inserting-Quotation-Marks"></a>
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<p>
Next: <a href="Inserting-Math.html#Inserting-Math" accesskey="n" rel="next">Inserting Math</a>, Previous: <a href="Inserting-Accents.html#Inserting-Accents" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Inserting Accents</a>, Up: <a href="Insertions.html#Insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
<a name="Inserting-Quotation-Marks-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">14.5 Inserting Quotation Marks</h3>
<a name="index-Inserting-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-inserting"></a>

<a name="index-Quotation-characters-_0028_0060_0027_0029_002c-in-source"></a>
<p>Use doubled single-quote characters to begin and end quotations:
<tt>`<!-- /@w -->`&hellip;'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w -->.  TeX converts two single quotes to
left- and right-hand doubled quotation marks,
and Info converts doubled single-quote characters to ASCII
double-quotes: <tt>`<!-- /@w -->`&hellip;'<!-- /@w -->'</tt><!-- /@w --> becomes <tt>&quot;&hellip;&quot;</tt><!-- /@w -->.
</p>
<p>You may occasionally need to produce two consecutive single quotes;
for example, in documenting a computer language such as Maxima where
<tt>'<!-- /@w -->'</tt> is a valid command.  You can do this with the input
<tt>'@w{}'</tt>; the empty <code>@w</code> command stops the combination into
the double-quote characters.
</p>
<a name="index-Unicode-quotation-characters"></a>
<a name="index-Grave-accent_002c-vs_002e-left-quote"></a>
<p>The left quote character (<tt>`</tt>, ASCII code 96) used in Texinfo is a
grave accent in ANSI and ISO character set standards.  We use it as a
quote character because that is how TeX is set up, by default.
</p>
<p>Texinfo supports several other quotation marks used in languages other
than English.  Below is a table with the commands Texinfo provides for
inserting quotation marks.
</p>
<a name="index-documentencoding-1"></a>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8"></a>
<a name="index-ISO-8859_002d15"></a>
<a name="index-Latin-9"></a>
<a name="index-ISO-8859_002d1"></a>
<a name="index-Latin-1"></a>
<p>In order to get the symbols for the quotation marks in encoded Info
output, it is necessary to specify <code>@documentencoding UTF-8</code>.
(See <a href="_0040documentencoding.html#g_t_0040documentencoding"><tt>@documentencoding</tt></a>.)  Double guillemets are also
present in ISO 8859-1 (aka Latin&nbsp;1) and ISO 8859-15 (aka
Latin&nbsp;9).
</p>
<a name="index-European-Computer-Modern-fonts"></a>
<a name="index-EC-fonts"></a>
<p>The standard TeX fonts support the usual quotation marks used in
English (the ones produced with single and doubled ASCII
single-quotes).  For the other quotation marks, TeX uses European
Computer Modern (EC) fonts (<samp>ecrm1000</samp> and other variants).
These fonts are freely available, of course; you can download them
from <a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ec">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ec</a>, among other
places.
</p>
<a name="index-CM_002dSuper-fonts"></a>
<p>The free EC fonts are bitmap fonts created with Metafont.  Especially
for on-line viewing, Type&nbsp;1 (vector) versions of the fonts are
preferable; these are available in the CM-Super font package
(<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super</a>).
</p>
<p>Both distributions include installation instructions.
</p>
<a name="index-Single-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Double-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Left-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Right-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-quotedblleft"></a>
<a name="index-_0060_0060"></a>
<a name="index-quoteleft"></a>
<a name="index-_0060"></a>
<a name="index-_0022-_0028undirected-double-quote-character_0029"></a>
<a name="index-quotedblright"></a>
<a name="index-_0027_0027"></a>
<a name="index-quoteright"></a>
<a name="index-_0027"></a>
<a name="index-Double-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-Single-low_002d9-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-quotedblbase"></a>
<a name="index-_201e-_0028double-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029"></a>
<a name="index-quotesinglbase"></a>
<a name="index-_201a-_0028single-low_002d9-quotation-mark_0029"></a>
<a name="index-Angle-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Guillemets"></a>
<a name="index-Guillemots"></a>
<a name="index-French-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-French"></a>
<a name="index-German-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Quotation-marks_002c-German"></a>
<a name="index-Double-guillemets"></a>
<a name="index-Single-guillemets"></a>
<a name="index-Double-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Single-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-marks"></a>
<a name="index-Double-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-Double-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-Single-left_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-Single-right_002dpointing-angle-quotation-mark"></a>
<a name="index-guillemetleft"></a>
<a name="index-guillemotleft"></a>
<a name="index-_00ab"></a>
<a name="index-guillemetright"></a>
<a name="index-guillemotright"></a>
<a name="index-_00bb"></a>
<a name="index-guilsinglleft"></a>
<a name="index-_2039"></a>
<a name="index-guilsinglright"></a>
<a name="index-_203a"></a>
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Command</th><th>Glyph</th><th>Unicode name (point)</th></tr></thead>
<tr><td><tt>@quotedblleft{} ``</tt></td><td>&ldquo;</td><td>Left double quotation mark (U+201C)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@quotedblright{} ''</tt></td><td>&rdquo;</td><td>Right double quotation mark (U+201D)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@quoteleft{} `</tt></td><td>&lsquo;</td><td>Left single quotation mark (U+2018)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@quoteright{} '</tt></td><td>&rsquo;</td><td>Right single quotation mark (U+2019)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@quotedblbase{}</tt></td><td>&bdquo;</td><td>Double low-9 quotation mark (U+201E)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@quotesinglbase{}</tt></td><td>&sbquo;</td><td>Single low-9 quotation mark (U+201A)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@guillemetleft{}</tt></td><td>&laquo;</td><td>Left-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00AB)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@guillemetright{}</tt></td><td>&raquo;</td><td>Right-pointing double angle quotation mark (U+00BB)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@guilsinglleft{}</tt></td><td>&lsaquo;</td><td>Single left-pointing angle quotation mark (U+2039)</td></tr>
<tr><td><tt>@guilsinglright{}</tt></td><td>&rsaquo;</td><td>Single right-pointing angle quotation mark (U+203A)</td></tr>
</table>

<a name="index-Auk_002c-bird-species"></a>
<p>For the double angle quotation marks, Adobe and LaTeX glyph names
are also supported:  <code>@guillemotleft</code> and
<code>@guillemotright</code>.  These names are incorrect; a
&ldquo;guillemot&rdquo; is a bird species (a type of auk).
</p>
<p>Traditions for quotation mark usage vary to a great extent between
languages
(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark%2C_non-English_usage#Overview">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark%2C_non-English_usage#Overview</a>).
Texinfo does not provide commands for typesetting quotation marks
according to the numerous traditions.  Therefore, you have to choose
the commands appropriate for the language of your manual.  Sometimes
aliases (see <a href="_0040alias.html#g_t_0040alias"><tt>@alias</tt></a>) can simplify the usage and make the
source code more readable.  For example, in German,
<code>@quotedblbase</code> is used for the left double quote, and the right
double quote is the glyph produced by <code>@quotedblleft</code>, which is
counter-intuitive.  Thus, in this case the following aliases would be
convenient:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">@alias lgqq = quotedblbase
@alias rgqq = quotedblleft
</pre></div>


<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Inserting-Math.html#Inserting-Math" accesskey="n" rel="next">Inserting Math</a>, Previous: <a href="Inserting-Accents.html#Inserting-Accents" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Inserting Accents</a>, Up: <a href="Insertions.html#Insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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