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<title>Debian Policy Manual - Source packages (from old Packaging Manual)</title>

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<link href="ch-scope.html" rel="chapter" title="1 About this manual">
<link href="ch-archive.html" rel="chapter" title="2 The Debian Archive">
<link href="ch-binary.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Binary packages">
<link href="ch-source.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Source packages">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Control files and their fields">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html" rel="chapter" title="6 Package maintainer scripts and installation procedure">
<link href="ch-relationships.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Declaring relationships between packages">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html" rel="chapter" title="8 Shared libraries">
<link href="ch-opersys.html" rel="chapter" title="9 The Operating System">
<link href="ch-files.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Files">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customized programs">
<link href="ch-docs.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Documentation">
<link href="ap-pkg-scope.html" rel="appendix" title="A Introduction and scope of these appendices">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html" rel="appendix" title="B Binary packages (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html" rel="appendix" title="C Source packages (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html" rel="appendix" title="D Control files and their fields (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html" rel="appendix" title="E Configuration file handling (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-alternatives.html" rel="appendix" title="F Alternative versions of an interface - update-alternatives (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ap-pkg-diversions.html" rel="appendix" title="G Diversions - overriding a package's version of a file (from old Packaging Manual)">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s1.1" rel="section" title="1.1 Scope">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s1.2" rel="section" title="1.2 New versions of this document">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="1.3 Authors and Maintainers">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-related" rel="section" title="1.4 Related documents">
<link href="ch-scope.html#s-definitions" rel="section" title="1.5 Definitions">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-dfsg" rel="section" title="2.1 The Debian Free Software Guidelines">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-sections" rel="section" title="2.2 Archive areas">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-pkgcopyright" rel="section" title="2.3 Copyright considerations">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-subsections" rel="section" title="2.4 Sections">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-priorities" rel="section" title="2.5 Priorities">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 The package name">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-versions" rel="section" title="3.2 The version of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-maintainer" rel="section" title="3.3 The maintainer of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-descriptions" rel="section" title="3.4 The description of a package">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-dependencies" rel="section" title="3.5 Dependencies">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-virtual_pkg" rel="section" title="3.6 Virtual packages">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.7" rel="section" title="3.7 Base system">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.8" rel="section" title="3.8 Essential packages">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="3.9 Maintainer Scripts">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-standardsversion" rel="section" title="4.1 Standards conformance">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-pkg-relations" rel="section" title="4.2 Package relationships">
<link href="ch-source.html#s4.3" rel="section" title="4.3 Changes to the upstream sources">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-dpkgchangelog" rel="section" title="4.4 Debian changelog: debian/changelog">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-dpkgcopyright" rel="section" title="4.5 Copyright: debian/copyright">
<link href="ch-source.html#s4.6" rel="section" title="4.6 Error trapping in makefiles">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-timestamps" rel="section" title="4.7 Time Stamps">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-restrictions" rel="section" title="4.8 Restrictions on objects in source packages">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianrules" rel="section" title="4.9 Main building script: debian/rules">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-substvars" rel="section" title="4.10 Variable substitutions: debian/substvars">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianwatch" rel="section" title="4.11 Optional upstream source location: debian/watch">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianfiles" rel="section" title="4.12 Generated files list: debian/files">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-embeddedfiles" rel="section" title="4.13 Convenience copies of code">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-readmesource" rel="section" title="4.14 Source package handling: debian/README.source">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-controlsyntax" rel="section" title="5.1 Syntax of control files">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-sourcecontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.2 Source package control files -- debian/control">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-binarycontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.3 Binary package control files -- DEBIAN/control">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-debiansourcecontrolfiles" rel="section" title="5.4 Debian source control files -- .dsc">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-debianchangesfiles" rel="section" title="5.5 Debian changes files -- .changes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-controlfieldslist" rel="section" title="5.6 List of fields">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s5.7" rel="section" title="5.7 User-defined fields">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-obsolete-control-data-fields" rel="section" title="5.8 Obsolete fields">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s6.1" rel="section" title="6.1 Introduction to package maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-idempotency" rel="section" title="6.2 Maintainer scripts idempotency">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-controllingterminal" rel="section" title="6.3 Controlling terminal for maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-exitstatus" rel="section" title="6.4 Exit status">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-mscriptsinstact" rel="section" title="6.5 Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-unpackphase" rel="section" title="6.6 Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-configdetails" rel="section" title="6.7 Details of configuration">
<link href="ch-maintainerscripts.html#s-removedetails" rel="section" title="6.8 Details of removal and/or configuration purging">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-depsyntax" rel="section" title="7.1 Syntax of relationship fields">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-binarydeps" rel="section" title="7.2 Binary Dependencies - Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Enhances, Pre-Depends">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-breaks" rel="section" title="7.3 Packages which break other packages - Breaks">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-conflicts" rel="section" title="7.4 Conflicting binary packages - Conflicts">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.5 Virtual packages - Provides">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-replaces" rel="section" title="7.6 Overwriting files and replacing packages - Replaces">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-sourcebinarydeps" rel="section" title="7.7 Relationships between source and binary packages - Build-Depends, Build-Depends-Indep, Build-Conflicts, Build-Conflicts-Indep">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s-built-using" rel="section" title="7.8 Additional source packages used to build the binary - Built-Using">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-runtime" rel="section" title="8.1 Run-time shared libraries">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-support-files" rel="section" title="8.2 Shared library support files">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-static" rel="section" title="8.3 Static libraries">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-dev" rel="section" title="8.4 Development files">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-intradeps" rel="section" title="8.5 Dependencies between the packages of the same library">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-depends" rel="section" title="8.6 Dependencies between the library and other packages">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1" rel="section" title="9.1 File system hierarchy">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2" rel="section" title="9.2 Users and groups">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-sysvinit" rel="section" title="9.3 System run levels and init.d scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.4" rel="section" title="9.4 Console messages from init.d scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-cron-jobs" rel="section" title="9.5 Cron jobs">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-menus" rel="section" title="9.6 Menus">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-mime" rel="section" title="9.7 Multimedia handlers">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.8" rel="section" title="9.8 Keyboard configuration">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.9" rel="section" title="9.9 Environment variables">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-doc-base" rel="section" title="9.10 Registering Documents using doc-base">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-alternateinit" rel="section" title="9.11 Alternate init systems">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-binaries" rel="section" title="10.1 Binaries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-libraries" rel="section" title="10.2 Libraries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.3" rel="section" title="10.3 Shared libraries">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-scripts" rel="section" title="10.4 Scripts">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.5" rel="section" title="10.5 Symbolic links">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.6" rel="section" title="10.6 Device files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-config-files" rel="section" title="10.7 Configuration files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.8" rel="section" title="10.8 Log files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-permissions-owners" rel="section" title="10.9 Permissions and owners">
<link href="ch-files.html#s-filenames" rel="section" title="10.10 File names">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-arch-spec" rel="section" title="11.1 Architecture specification strings">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.2" rel="section" title="11.2 Daemons">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.3" rel="section" title="11.3 Using pseudo-ttys and modifying wtmp, utmp and lastlog">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.4" rel="section" title="11.4 Editors and pagers">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-web-appl" rel="section" title="11.5 Web servers and applications">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-mail-transport-agents" rel="section" title="11.6 Mail transport, delivery and user agents">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.7" rel="section" title="11.7 News system configuration">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8" rel="section" title="11.8 Programs for the X Window System">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-perl" rel="section" title="11.9 Perl programs and modules">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-emacs" rel="section" title="11.10 Emacs lisp programs">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.11" rel="section" title="11.11 Games">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.1" rel="section" title="12.1 Manual pages">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.2" rel="section" title="12.2 Info documents">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.3" rel="section" title="12.3 Additional documentation">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.4" rel="section" title="12.4 Preferred documentation formats">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s-copyrightfile" rel="section" title="12.5 Copyright information">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s12.6" rel="section" title="12.6 Examples">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s-changelogs" rel="section" title="12.7 Changelog files">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-bincreating" rel="section" title="B.1 Creating package files - dpkg-deb">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-controlarea" rel="section" title="B.2 Package control information files">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-controlfile" rel="section" title="B.3 The main control information file: control">
<link href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#sB.4" rel="section" title="B.4 Time Stamps">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcetools" rel="section" title="C.1 Tools for processing source packages">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcetree" rel="section" title="C.2 The Debian package source tree">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-sourcearchives" rel="section" title="C.3 Source packages as archives">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#sC.4" rel="section" title="C.4 Unpacking a Debian source package without dpkg-source">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#sD.1" rel="section" title="D.1 Syntax of control files">
<link href="ap-pkg-controlfields.html#sD.2" rel="section" title="D.2 List of fields">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html#sE.1" rel="section" title="E.1 Automatic handling of configuration files by dpkg">
<link href="ap-pkg-conffiles.html#sE.2" rel="section" title="E.2 Fully-featured maintainer script configuration handling">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-main" rel="subsection" title="2.2.1 The main archive area">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-contrib" rel="subsection" title="2.2.2 The contrib archive area">
<link href="ch-archive.html#s-non-free" rel="subsection" title="2.2.3 The non-free archive area">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 Version numbers based on dates">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-synopsis" rel="subsection" title="3.4.1 The single line synopsis">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-extendeddesc" rel="subsection" title="3.4.2 The extended description">
<link href="ch-binary.html#s-maintscriptprompt" rel="subsection" title="3.9.1 Prompting in maintainer scripts">
<link href="ch-source.html#s-debianrules-options" rel="subsection" title="4.9.1 debian/rules and DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Source" rel="subsection" title="5.6.1 Source">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Maintainer" rel="subsection" title="5.6.2 Maintainer">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Uploaders" rel="subsection" title="5.6.3 Uploaders">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Changed-By" rel="subsection" title="5.6.4 Changed-By">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Section" rel="subsection" title="5.6.5 Section">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Priority" rel="subsection" title="5.6.6 Priority">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Package" rel="subsection" title="5.6.7 Package">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Architecture" rel="subsection" title="5.6.8 Architecture">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Essential" rel="subsection" title="5.6.9 Essential">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s5.6.10" rel="subsection" title="5.6.10 Package interrelationship fields: Depends, Pre-Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Breaks, Conflicts, Provides, Replaces, Enhances">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Standards-Version" rel="subsection" title="5.6.11 Standards-Version">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Version" rel="subsection" title="5.6.12 Version">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Description" rel="subsection" title="5.6.13 Description">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Distribution" rel="subsection" title="5.6.14 Distribution">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Date" rel="subsection" title="5.6.15 Date">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Format" rel="subsection" title="5.6.16 Format">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Urgency" rel="subsection" title="5.6.17 Urgency">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Changes" rel="subsection" title="5.6.18 Changes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Binary" rel="subsection" title="5.6.19 Binary">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Installed-Size" rel="subsection" title="5.6.20 Installed-Size">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Files" rel="subsection" title="5.6.21 Files">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Closes" rel="subsection" title="5.6.22 Closes">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Homepage" rel="subsection" title="5.6.23 Homepage">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Checksums" rel="subsection" title="5.6.24 Checksums-Sha1 and Checksums-Sha256">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s5.6.25" rel="subsection" title="5.6.25 DM-Upload-Allowed">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-VCS-fields" rel="subsection" title="5.6.26 Version Control System (VCS) fields">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Package-List" rel="subsection" title="5.6.27 Package-List">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Package-Type" rel="subsection" title="5.6.28 Package-Type">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-Dgit" rel="subsection" title="5.6.29 Dgit">
<link href="ch-controlfields.html#s-f-DM-Upload-Allowed" rel="subsection" title="5.8.1 DM-Upload-Allowed">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s7.6.1" rel="subsection" title="7.6.1 Overwriting files in other packages">
<link href="ch-relationships.html#s7.6.2" rel="subsection" title="7.6.2 Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-ldconfig" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 ldconfig">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-dpkg-shlibdeps" rel="subsection" title="8.6.1 Generating dependencies on shared libraries">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-updates" rel="subsection" title="8.6.2 Shared library ABI changes">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-symbols" rel="subsection" title="8.6.3 The symbols system">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-symbols-paths" rel="subsection" title="8.6.3.1 The symbols files present on the system">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-symbols" rel="subsection" title="8.6.3.2 The symbols File Format">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-providing-symbols" rel="subsection" title="8.6.3.3 Providing a symbols file">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-sharedlibs-shlibdeps" rel="subsection" title="8.6.4 The shlibs system">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-shlibs-paths" rel="subsection" title="8.6.4.1 The shlibs files present on the system">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s-shlibs" rel="subsection" title="8.6.4.2 The shlibs File Format">
<link href="ch-sharedlibs.html#s8.6.4.3" rel="subsection" title="8.6.4.3 Providing a shlibs file">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-fhs" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 File System Structure">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1.2" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 Site-specific programs">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.1.3" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 The system-wide mail directory">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-fhs-run" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 /run and /run/lock">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2.1" rel="subsection" title="9.2.1 Introduction">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.2.2" rel="subsection" title="9.2.2 UID and GID classes">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-/etc/init.d" rel="subsection" title="9.3.1 Introduction">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-writing-init" rel="subsection" title="9.3.2 Writing the scripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3 Interfacing with the initscript system">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3.1" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3.1 Managing the links">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.3.2" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3.2 Running initscripts">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.4" rel="subsection" title="9.3.4 Boot-time initialization">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s9.3.5" rel="subsection" title="9.3.5 Example">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-cron-files" rel="subsection" title="9.5.1 Cron job file names">
<link href="ch-opersys.html#s-upstart" rel="subsection" title="9.11.1 Event-based boot with upstart">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.1" rel="subsection" title="10.7.1 Definitions">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.2" rel="subsection" title="10.7.2 Location">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.3" rel="subsection" title="10.7.3 Behavior">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.4" rel="subsection" title="10.7.4 Sharing configuration files">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.7.5" rel="subsection" title="10.7.5 User configuration files (&quot;dotfiles&quot;)">
<link href="ch-files.html#s10.9.1" rel="subsection" title="10.9.1 The use of dpkg-statoverride">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-arch-wildcard-spec" rel="subsection" title="11.1.1 Architecture wildcards">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.1" rel="subsection" title="11.8.1 Providing X support and package priorities">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.2" rel="subsection" title="11.8.2 Packages providing an X server">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.3" rel="subsection" title="11.8.3 Packages providing a terminal emulator">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.4" rel="subsection" title="11.8.4 Packages providing a window manager">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.5" rel="subsection" title="11.8.5 Packages providing fonts">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s-appdefaults" rel="subsection" title="11.8.6 Application defaults files">
<link href="ch-customized-programs.html#s11.8.7" rel="subsection" title="11.8.7 Installation directory issues">
<link href="ch-docs.html#s-copyrightformat" rel="subsection" title="12.5.1 Machine-readable copyright information">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-source" rel="subsection" title="C.1.1 dpkg-source - packs and unpacks Debian source packages">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-buildpackage" rel="subsection" title="C.1.2 dpkg-buildpackage - overall package-building control script">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-gencontrol" rel="subsection" title="C.1.3 dpkg-gencontrol - generates binary package control files">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-shlibdeps" rel="subsection" title="C.1.4 dpkg-shlibdeps - calculates shared library dependencies">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-distaddfile" rel="subsection" title="C.1.5 dpkg-distaddfile - adds a file to debian/files">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-genchanges" rel="subsection" title="C.1.6 dpkg-genchanges - generates a .changes upload control file">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-parsechangelog" rel="subsection" title="C.1.7 dpkg-parsechangelog - produces parsed representation of a changelog">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-dpkg-architecture" rel="subsection" title="C.1.8 dpkg-architecture - information about the build and host system">
<link href="ap-pkg-sourcepkg.html#s-pkg-debianrules" rel="subsection" title="C.2.1 debian/rules - the main building script">
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<hr>

<h1>
Debian Policy Manual
<br>Appendix C - Source packages (from old Packaging Manual)</h1>

<hr>

<p>
The Debian binary packages in the distribution are generated from Debian
sources, which are in a special format to assist the easy and automatic
building of binaries.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-pkg-sourcetools">C.1 Tools for processing source packages</h2>

<p>
Various tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack and
unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage the
distribution of new versions.
</p>

<p>
They are introduced and typical uses described here; see
<code>dpkg-source(1)</code> for full documentation about their arguments and
operation.
</p>

<p>
For examples of how to construct a Debian source package, and how to use those
utilities that are used by Debian source packages, please see the
<code>hello</code> example package.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-source">C.1.1 <code>dpkg-source</code> - packs and unpacks Debian source packages</h3>

<p>
This program is frequently used by hand, and is also called from
package-independent automated building scripts such as
<code>dpkg-buildpackage</code>.
</p>

<p>
To unpack a package it is typically invoked with
</p>

<pre>
       dpkg-source -x <var>.../path/to/filename</var>.dsc
</pre>

<p>
with the <code><var>filename</var>.tar.gz</code> and
<code><var>filename</var>.diff.gz</code> (if applicable) in the same directory.
It unpacks into <code><var>package</var>-<var>version</var></code>, and if
applicable <code><var>package</var>-<var>version</var>.orig</code>, in the
current directory.
</p>

<p>
To create a packed source archive it is typically invoked:
</p>

<pre>
       dpkg-source -b <var>package</var>-<var>version</var>
</pre>

<p>
This will create the <code>.dsc</code>, <code>.tar.gz</code> and
<code>.diff.gz</code> (if appropriate) in the current directory.
<code>dpkg-source</code> does not clean the source tree first - this must be
done separately if it is required.
</p>

<p>
See also <a href="#s-pkg-sourcearchives">Source packages as archives, Section
C.3</a>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-buildpackage">C.1.2 <code>dpkg-buildpackage</code> - overall package-building control script</h3>

<p>
See <code>dpkg-buildpackage(1)</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-gencontrol">C.1.3 <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> - generates binary package control files</h3>

<p>
This program is usually called from <code>debian/rules</code> (see <a
href="#s-pkg-sourcetree">The Debian package source tree, Section C.2</a>) in
the top level of the source tree.
</p>

<p>
This is usually done just before the files and directories in the temporary
directory tree where the package is being built have their permissions and
ownerships set and the package is constructed using <code>dpkg-deb/</code> [<a
href="footnotes.html#f121" name="fr121">121</a>].
</p>

<p>
<code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> must be called after all the files which are to go
into the package have been placed in the temporary build directory, so that its
calculation of the installed size of a package is correct.
</p>

<p>
It is also necessary for <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> to be run after
<code>dpkg-shlibdeps</code> so that the variable substitutions created by
<code>dpkg-shlibdeps</code> in <code>debian/substvars</code> are available.
</p>

<p>
For a package which generates only one binary package, and which builds it in
<code>debian/tmp</code> relative to the top of the source package, it is
usually sufficient to call <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code>.
</p>

<p>
Sources which build several binaries will typically need something like:
</p>

<pre>
       dpkg-gencontrol -Pdebian/tmp-<var>pkg</var> -p<var>package</var>
</pre>

<p>
The <samp>-P</samp> tells <code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> that the package is
being built in a non-default directory, and the <samp>-p</samp> tells it which
package's control file should be generated.
</p>

<p>
<code>dpkg-gencontrol</code> also adds information to the list of files in
<code>debian/files</code>, for the benefit of (for example) a future invocation
of <code>dpkg-genchanges</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-shlibdeps">C.1.4 <code>dpkg-shlibdeps</code> - calculates shared library dependencies</h3>

<p>
See <code>dpkg-shlibdeps(1)</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-distaddfile">C.1.5 <code>dpkg-distaddfile</code> - adds a file to <code>debian/files</code></h3>

<p>
Some packages' uploads need to include files other than the source and binary
package files.
</p>

<p>
<code>dpkg-distaddfile</code> adds a file to the <code>debian/files</code> file
so that it will be included in the <code>.changes</code> file when
<code>dpkg-genchanges</code> is run.
</p>

<p>
It is usually invoked from the <samp>binary</samp> target of
<code>debian/rules</code>:
</p>

<pre>
       dpkg-distaddfile <var>filename</var> <var>section</var> <var>priority</var>
</pre>

<p>
The <var>filename</var> is relative to the directory where
<code>dpkg-genchanges</code> will expect to find it - this is usually the
directory above the top level of the source tree.  The
<code>debian/rules</code> target should put the file there just before or just
after calling <code>dpkg-distaddfile</code>.
</p>

<p>
The <var>section</var> and <var>priority</var> are passed unchanged into the
resulting <code>.changes</code> file.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-genchanges">C.1.6 <code>dpkg-genchanges</code> - generates a <code>.changes</code> upload control file</h3>

<p>
See <code>dpkg-genchanges(1)</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-parsechangelog">C.1.7 <code>dpkg-parsechangelog</code> - produces parsed representation of a changelog</h3>

<p>
See <code>dpkg-parsechangelog(1)</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-dpkg-architecture">C.1.8 <code>dpkg-architecture</code> - information about the build and host system</h3>

<p>
See <code>dpkg-architecture(1)</code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-pkg-sourcetree">C.2 The Debian package source tree</h2>

<p>
The source archive scheme described later is intended to allow a Debian package
source tree with some associated control information to be reproduced and
transported easily.  The Debian package source tree is a version of the
original program with certain files added for the benefit of the packaging
process, and with any other changes required made to the rest of the source
code and installation scripts.
</p>

<p>
The extra files created for Debian are in the subdirectory <code>debian</code>
of the top level of the Debian package source tree.  They are described below.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-debianrules">C.2.1 <code>debian/rules</code> - the main building script</h3>

<p>
See <a href="ch-source.html#s-debianrules">Main building script:
<code>debian/rules</code>, Section 4.9</a>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="s-pkg-srcsubstvars">C.2.2 <code>debian/substvars</code> and variable substitutions</h3>

<p>
See <a href="ch-source.html#s-substvars">Variable substitutions:
<code>debian/substvars</code>, Section 4.10</a>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="sC.2.3">C.2.3 <code>debian/files</code></h3>

<p>
See <a href="ch-source.html#s-debianfiles">Generated files list:
<code>debian/files</code>, Section 4.12</a>.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="sC.2.4">C.2.4 <code>debian/tmp</code></h3>

<p>
This is the canonical temporary location for the construction of binary
packages by the <samp>binary</samp> target.  The directory <code>tmp</code>
serves as the root of the file system tree as it is being constructed (for
example, by using the package's upstream makefiles install targets and
redirecting the output there), and it also contains the <samp>DEBIAN</samp>
subdirectory.  See <a href="ap-pkg-binarypkg.html#s-pkg-bincreating">Creating
package files - <code>dpkg-deb</code>, Section B.1</a>.
</p>

<p>
If several binary packages are generated from the same source tree it is usual
to use several <code>debian/tmp<var>something</var></code> directories, for
example <code>tmp-a</code> or <code>tmp-doc</code>.
</p>

<p>
Whatever <code>tmp</code> directories are created and used by
<samp>binary</samp> must of course be removed by the <samp>clean</samp> target.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="s-pkg-sourcearchives">C.3 Source packages as archives</h2>

<p>
As it exists on the FTP site, a Debian source package consists of three related
files.  You must have the right versions of all three to be able to use them.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>Debian source control file - <samp>.dsc</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
This file is a control file used by <code>dpkg-source</code> to extract a
source package.  See <a
href="ch-controlfields.html#s-debiansourcecontrolfiles">Debian source control
files -- <samp>.dsc</samp>, Section 5.4</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Original source archive - <code><var>package</var>_<var>upstream-version</var>.orig.tar.gz</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is a compressed (with <samp>gzip -9</samp>) <code>tar</code> file
containing the source code from the upstream authors of the program.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Debian package diff - <code><var>package</var>_<var>upstream_version-revision</var>.diff.gz</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
This is a unified context diff (<samp>diff -u</samp>) giving the changes which
are required to turn the original source into the Debian source.  These changes
may only include editing and creating plain files.  The permissions of files,
the targets of symbolic links and the characteristics of special files or pipes
may not be changed and no files may be removed or renamed.
</p>

<p>
All the directories in the diff must exist, except the <code>debian</code>
subdirectory of the top of the source tree, which will be created by
<code>dpkg-source</code> if necessary when unpacking.
</p>

<p>
The <code>dpkg-source</code> program will automatically make the
<code>debian/rules</code> file executable (see below).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>
If there is no original source code - for example, if the package is specially
prepared for Debian or the Debian maintainer is the same as the upstream
maintainer - the format is slightly different: then there is no diff, and the
tarfile is named <code><var>package</var>_<var>version</var>.tar.gz</code>, and
preferably contains a directory named
<code><var>package</var>-<var>version</var></code>.
</p>

<hr>

<h2 id="sC.4">C.4 Unpacking a Debian source package without <code>dpkg-source</code></h2>

<p>
<samp>dpkg-source -x</samp> is the recommended way to unpack a Debian source
package.  However, if it is not available it is possible to unpack a Debian
source archive as follows:
</p>
<!-- ol type="1" start="1"  -->
<li>
<p>
Untar the tarfile, which will create a <code>.orig</code> directory.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Rename the <code>.orig</code> directory to
<code><var>package</var>-<var>version</var></code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Create the subdirectory <code>debian</code> at the top of the source tree.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Apply the diff using <samp>patch -p0</samp>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Untar the tarfile again if you want a copy of the original source code
alongside the Debian version.
</p>
</li>
</ol>

<p>
It is not possible to generate a valid Debian source archive without using
<code>dpkg-source</code>.  In particular, attempting to use <code>diff</code>
directly to generate the <code>.diff.gz</code> file will not work.
</p>

<hr>

<h3 id="sC.4.1">C.4.1 Restrictions on objects in source packages</h3>

<p>
The source package may not contain any hard links [<a
href="footnotes.html#f122" name="fr122">122</a>] [<a href="footnotes.html#f123"
name="fr123">123</a>], device special files, sockets or setuid or setgid files.
[<a href="footnotes.html#f124" name="fr124">124</a>]
</p>

<p>
The source packaging tools manage the changes between the original and Debian
source using <code>diff</code> and <code>patch</code>.  Turning the original
source tree as included in the <code>.orig.tar.gz</code> into the Debian
package source must not involve any changes which cannot be handled by these
tools.  Problematic changes which cause <code>dpkg-source</code> to halt with
an error when building the source package are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
Adding or removing symbolic links, sockets or pipes.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changing the targets of symbolic links.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Creating directories, other than <code>debian</code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changes to the contents of binary files.
</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>
Changes which cause <code>dpkg-source</code> to print a warning but continue
anyway are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
Removing files, directories or symlinks.  [<a href="footnotes.html#f125"
name="fr125">125</a>]
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Changed text files which are missing the usual final newline (either in the
original or the modified source tree).
</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>
Changes which are not represented, but which are not detected by
<code>dpkg-source</code>, are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
Changing the permissions of files (other than <code>debian/rules</code>) and
directories.
</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p>
The <code>debian</code> directory and <code>debian/rules</code> are handled
specially by <code>dpkg-source</code> - before applying the changes it will
create the <code>debian</code> directory, and afterwards it will make
<code>debian/rules</code> world-executable.
</p>

<hr>

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<p>
Debian Policy Manual
</p>

<address>
version 3.9.5.0, 2013-10-28<br>
<br>
<a href="ch-scope.html#s-authors">The Debian Policy Mailing List</a><br>
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